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Biomedical subjects

J L Arne

Publications and source records attributed to J L Arne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Phakic posterior chamber lenses for high myopia: functional and anatomical outcomes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional and the anatomical outcomes after implantation of phakic posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) in highly myopic eyes. SETTING: Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France. METHODS: Fifty-eight eyes of 46 patients that had implantation of phakic posterior chamber lenses for high myopia were evaluated. Predictability, efficiency, safety, and subjective and objective quality of vision were evaluated preoperatively and at least 6 months postoperatively. The effect of the procedure on the cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, anterior chamber angle, crystalline lens, and retina were studied. RESULTS: Mean preoperative myopia was -13.85 diopters (D) +/- 3.1 (SD) (range -8.00 to -19.25 D). Mean postoperative spherical equivalent was -1.22 +/- 0.83 D (range +0.75 to -3.50 D); 56.9% of eyes were within +/-1.00 D of the predicted result, and 77.6% gained 1 or more lines of best corrected visual acuity. All contact-lens-intolerant patients had improved quality of vision for day and night driving, distance vision, and vision under dim illumination. The mean postoperative level of contrast sensitivity without correction was higher than the mean preoperative level with correction. Adverse events were 2 cases of crystalline lens opacification 16 and 18 months after surgery and 2 cases of pigment deposits in the angle with increased intraocular pressure, which was controlled by beta-blockers. CONCLUSION: Implantation of posterior chamber phakic IOLs is effective and predictable; however, long-term follow-up is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of visual results and quality of vision between two multifocal intraocular lenses. Multifocal silicone and bifocal PMMA].

PURPOSE: To compare visual results and quality of vision of two multifocal intraocular lenses (IOL): SA 40 N silicone zonal-progressive multifocal IOL and P 359 TUV PMMA bifocal IOL. METHODS: 46 eyes were operated on for cataract. 24 IOL SA 40 N (group 1) and 22 IOL P 359 (group 2) were implanted. Evaluation of visual results was performed between the first and the third month postoperatively. The quality of vision was explored in both groups by using two tests of contrast sensitivity, an automated visual field and a questionnaire dealing with patient satisfaction and presence of halos and glare. RESULTS: Postoperatively, a myopic shift was noted with a statistical significant difference in the group 2 (p<0.05). The predictability was good in both groups (mean refractive error<1 D). Mean corrected distance visual acuity was similar in-groups 1 and 2 (0.6). Mean distance-corrected near visual acuity was statistically better in the group 2 (p<0.05). We noted in both groups a loss of contrast sensitivity statistically more important in the group 2 (p<0.001). Where the automated perimetry is concerned, no statistical differences were encountered. 35% of patients (group 1) and 29% (group 2) were very satisfied with the results of their surgery. Halos and glare were noted in 8% (group 1) and 9% (group 2) of the patients. CONCLUSION: The new concept of multifocality is increasing in practice of cataract surgery because of the reduction of spectacle dependency and the high level of patient satisfaction. However, the occurrence of halos and glare suggest a limitation of these indications of multifocal IOL, particularly for night driving patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Phakic posterior chamber lens implantation in children with high myopia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomical and functional results after implantation of a phakic posterior chamber lens (implantable contact lens [ICL]) to correct high myopia with amblyopia in pediatric patients in whom conventional treatments had failed. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Purpan Hospital, University of Toulouse, France. METHODS: An ICL was implanted in 5 eyes with amblyopic high myopia in 4 children aged 3 to 16 years. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -12.8 diopters (D) (range -8.0 to -18.0 D) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was counting fingers to 20/200. Mean follow-up was 11.8 months (range 4 to 21 months). RESULTS: Postoperatively, the ICLs appeared to be well tolerated, with no inflammatory reactions, stable intraocular pressure, and good positioning in all eyes. Predictability was +0.5 D (range -0.5 to +2.0 D) and BSCVA improved, with a gain of 3 or more Snellen lines with recovery of binocular vision in 2 cases and orthotropia in 3 patients. All parents reported an improvement in their children's quality of life. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study indicates that ICL implantation is a safe surgical procedure to correct amblyopia resulting from high myopia in children when conventional amblyopia treatments have failed. Longer follow-up of more patients is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Predictability of intraocular lens power calculation in the treatment of cataracts in children].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictability of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation taking in account the changing refraction in children operated on for congenital cataract with primary posterior chamber IOL implantation. METHODS: We compared the predicted (PR) and objective (OR) refraction in 89 eyes of 70 children (1 month to 16 years) (1989 to 1995) at 1 month and 3 years after cataract surgery. The eyes were divided in 4 groups. Group A: < 1 year; Group B: 1 year to 3 years; Group C: 3 years to 5 years; Group D: > 5 years. For patients operated on before 3 years of age, we used a modified SRK II formula with the aim of achieving an undercorrection (85% of SRK II value in group A, 95% of SRK II value in group B). RESULTS: The average objective refraction (OR) and the average error (AE = (OR)-(PR)) were respectively at 1 month and 3 years after surgery for the Group A: (OR: +3.5 D/-1.8 D) (AE: -1 D/-6.4 D); Group B: (OR: +1.3 D/-1.3 D) (AE: -0.9 D/-3.6 D); Group C: (OR: -0.2 D/-1.4 D) (AE: +0.1 D/-1.1 D); Group D (OR: +0.1 D/-1 D) (AE: +0.8 D/-0.4 D). CONCLUSION: At 1 month after surgery, the predictability of IOL power calculation appears accurate with a refractive error between -1 D and +0.8 D in the four groups. However we noted an increase in refractive error at 3 years with a progressive myopic shift, specially in the eyes operated on before 1 year of life which had the greatest change in axial length.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A prospective randomized trial of topical soluble 0.1% indomethacin versus 0.1% diclofenac versus placebo for the control of pain following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the control of pain after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty informed patients were enrolled in a double-masked, randomized, comparative study and assigned to either 0.1% indomethacin, 0.1% diclofenac, or placebo treatment. Subjective postoperative pain, symptoms, re-epithelialization rate, and systemic medications were monitored for 2 days following photoablation. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, 0.1% indomethacin solution significantly reduced pain on the day of surgery (D0) (P < .05), whereas 0.1% diclofenac did not reach a significant level (P = .46). At D0, analgesic intake by the oral route was significantly greater in the placebo group (P < .05). Severe photophobia was significantly less frequent in the group treated with 0.1% indomethacin (P < .05). Corneal wound healing was significantly delayed in the patients treated with 0.1% diclofenac at D2 as compared with other groups (P = .04). CONCLUSION: Topical 0.1% indomethacin solution helps control the pain induced by excimer laser photoablation of the cornea without any detrimental effect to the corneal epithelial wound healing.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

Interleukin-6 in tear fluid after photorefractive keratectomy and its effects on keratocytes in culture.

PURPOSE: To investigate the participation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and its possible roles and sources in corneal wound healing. METHODS: IL-6, levels were measured in the tear fluids of patients before and after PRK and in conditioned media of human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes. Its effects on total collagen and collagen-type synthesis by keratocytes were studied with a 3H-proline incorporation assay and Northern blot analysis. Zymography was used to evaluate the metalloproteinase content in the conditioned medium of IL-6-stimulated keratocytes. RESULTS: IL-6 is present in the tear fluid samples after photorefractive keratectomy, possibly synthesized by epithelial cells and keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 stimulates collagen synthesis in general and collagen type I in particular. Furthermore, it reduces the production of MMP-2, the latent form of the metalloproteinase, by cultured keratocytes. The results suggest that IL-6 might be regarded as a mediator involved in corneal healing after excimer laser.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of fluorine-surface-modified and unmodified lenses for implantation in pediatric aphakia.

PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative reaction in pediatric aphakic eyes to intercapsular intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with fluorine-modified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOLs and with unmodified IOLs. SETTING: Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 107 consecutive eyes in 82 children were operated on for cataracts and intercapsular implantation. From January 1985 to December 1993, 87 eyes (Group 1) received an all-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), single-piece IOL; during 1994, 20 eyes (Group 2) received an IOL of the same design that had been fluorine surface modified. Mean age of the patients was 64.5 months (range 15 days to 16 years). Postoperatively, each group was monitored for immediate inflammatory response from the first to the eighth day and for secondary cicatricial response from 6 months to 1 year. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the early inflammatory response. Secondary cicatricial reaction was found more often in Group 1 in all age subgroups (P < .01), but especially 1 to 4 years (P < .02). CONCLUSION: Fluorine modification of PMMA IOLs is an effective and safe method to reduce the cicatricial response when IOL implantation is used to correct pediatric aphakia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Visual and sensory results of surgical treatment of cataract in children. Apropos of 135 cases].

PURPOSE: Visual outcome after cataract surgery in children. METHODS: The authors studied the functional results (visual acuity and binocular vision) of 135 children operated for unilateral or bilateral cataracts during the 9-year period 1985-1994. Aphakia was corrected by an implant within the capsular bag, spectacles or contact lenses. RESULTS: For bilateral cataracts, (68 patients), mean visual acuity > 20/40 and normal binocular vision are found together in cases of late appearance operated after 7 months of age. Pseudophakic eyes regained visual acuity greater than 20/40 more often than non-implanted eye, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Binocular vision was also obtained more often in children after implantation (P < 0.05). The functional results of operations on early cataracts treated before the age of 8 months were not as good because of abnormal development of the foveolar function. For unilateral cataracts (67 patients), the prognosis was poor when operated before the age of 8 months. Visual acuity rarely exceeded 20/200 however the aphakia was corrected. Prognosis was better for partial cataracts and late-appearing cataracts. Implantation appeared to be of more benefit, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) for visual acuity greater than 20/40 in children receiving an implant. CONCLUSION: Regained binocular vision and absence of amblyopia depend on the quality of previous visual experience and absence of post-operative strabismus. Implantation appears beneficial for final visual results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Intercapsular implantation in the management of cataract in children. Study of 87 cases and comparison to 88 cases without implantation].

PURPOSE: We compared the surgical results and complications between two groups of children operated for cataract with or without lens implantation. METHOD: One hundred seventy-five eyes in 126 children, aged 15 days to 16 years were operated for cataract with a surgical procedure of limbus phacoaspiration. Eighty-seven received a primary intercapsular one-piece PMMA Intra Ocular Lens (IOL). Conditions for lens implantation were restrictive: strictly intercapsular, no other ocular pathology, at any age in unilateral and usually after 3 years of age in bilateral cataracts. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 10 years. RESULTS: Primary fibrinous anterior chamber reaction was seen in all patients in the IOL group. It always regressed under medical treatment. Glaucoma, retinal detachment and reoperations rates were similar in the two groups. There is a high correlation (p < 0.001) between initial anterior vitrectomy and keeping a clear visual axis, even in the eldest group, but no difference with or without IOL. Local tolerance of IOL was evaluated. No effect on visual results was evidenced. Evolution of refraction in pseudophakic eyes doesn't show evident myopic shift. Secondary myopias found in older groups might be associated to "genetic" myopia more than a consequence of implantation. CONCLUSION: Intercapsular lens implantation in children does not statistically increase the rate of complication of cataract surgery. It can be chosen if a real functional benefit is expected. The choice of IOL's power depends on biometric results which are a function of age. Under correction is usually recommended but immediate emetropia must be the aim in unilateral cases to ease amblyopia's treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Structural and ultrastructural changes in the developmental process of premature infants' and children's corneas.

Seven corneas ranging in age from 20 weeks of gestation to 6 months after birth were studied and changes observed in five layers. The epithelium thickens through the addition of new cellular layers and the enlargement of cells. The way junctional complexes develop with age is described. The way the collagen fibrils in Bowman's layer is arranged changes over time. The layer arrangement and orientation of the stroma's collagen fibrils are described at different stages of development. The keratocytes progressively flatten out and gather together. The thickness of Descemet's membrane increases from 0.6 m at 20 weeks of gestation to 4 m at 6 months. During the prenatal period, the banded layer appears with cross-linking bridges. The nonbanded layer appears after birth. Several changes were found in the endothelium: flattening out of the initially cube-shaped cells and changes in the intercellular junctions that can be seen from 20 weeks of fetal life. At 20 and 25 weeks of gestation, two layers of cells were observed in the corneal midperiphery. The adult structure of the cornea was reached at about 6 months after birth.

Collagen↗
PubMed1994

[Erdheim-Chester disease. A rare etiology of retrobulbar tumor].

The authors report the case of a 47 year old man who presented with bilateral retro-ocular tumor and an inflammatory syndrome as the first sign of his disease. Later on, the illness became polyvisceral and biopsies of retro-ocular and retro-peritoneal tissues revealed the diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease. The patient died a few months later.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Endothelin 1 is a growth factor for corneal endothelium.

Endothelin 1 (ET1) is a newly discovered peptide found in various tissues, which exerts its biological effects through autocrine or paracrine pathways. Its presence and binding sites in the anterior chamber of the eye have recently been reported. Using a binding assay, we found the presence of a single class of receptors for ET1 on bovine corneal endothelial cells, whereas no ET1 could be detected in their conditioned medium. ET1 receptors appeared to be involved in BCE cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, ET1 effects were additive to that of basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Thus, we have shown for the first time that ET1 acts as a growth factor on corneal endothelium through a paracrine mediated action. This research suggests that ET1 has a role in corneal endothelium physiology and might provide a new field of investigation in the pharmacology of corneal endothelial healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of intraocular fibrin formation with annexin V.

Annexin V is a member of the calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins, known to have an antithrombotic effect. For the first time, we have tested its ability to prevent intraocular postoperative fibrin formation in a standardised rabbit model and compared its effect with that of heparin. Annexin V, 20 micrograms and 60 micrograms, injected in the anterior chamber post-operatively, significantly reduced the area of the fibrin clot and its time to clearing. Annexin V appeared to be as efficient as heparin. It probably acts by preventing phospholipids from playing their role in the coagulation cascade which leads to fibrin formation. Furthermore, annexin V has an anti-inflammatory effect by protecting phospholipids from phospholipase A2 activity. Therefore, annexin V might be considered as a new therapeutic agent acting both on fibrin formation and inflammatory processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Retinopathy in premature infants. Present value of surveillance of premature and newborn infants at risk].

Systematic ophthalmologic screening of infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is time consuming and sometimes difficult. In this retrospective study of 1200 infants examined in the neonatal unit of Toulouse Regional Hospital from January 88 through December 89, we tried to summarize our findings and assess the value of systematic screening. We found 118 infants with abnormal examination: 58 preterms had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (5.16%) with 36 stage I, 15 stage II, 7 stage III (2 stage III+ had cryotherapy), no stage IV. Risk factors are discussed. 40 preretinal hemorrhages, all found in the first week of life. Only 2 of them persisted beyond the 2nd month (0.2%) and we found vascular anomalies that were cryotreated. 20 had various diseases. Diseases requiring early treatment were found in a general context with obvious need of ophthalmologic examination. Our study shows that 4 infants: 2 ROP III+ and 2 retinal hemorrhages or 0.4% of all infants obtained an effective benefit from this systematic screening. We confirmed the value of this screening: all infants in the neonatal care unit have at least one ophthalmologic exam, before they leave the hospital. Preterm less than 1600 g or less than 2000 g with initial resuscitation are checked during first and second month. Preterm less than 1200 g or less than 1600 g who had more than one month of oxygen therapy are checked every month until the 6th month.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Immunological analysis of the aqueous humour in candida endophthalmitis. II: Clinical study.

An anterior chamber paracentesis was carried out on six patients with candida endophthalmitis and on control subjects. We endeavoured to find out if there was local production of antibodies by evaluating the anti-candida antibody titres, the immunoglobulin G, and the albumin levels in the aqueous humour and in the serum. A significant difference in the level of specific antibodies between patients and controls was found. Local synthesis of anti-candida antibodies was discovered in five out of six patients with candida endophthalmitis. There would seem to be a correlation between the severity of uveitis and antibody titres.

Adult↗