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Biomedical subjects

J L Adrien

Publications and source records attributed to J L Adrien.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Electrophysiological evidence of different abilities to form cross-modal associations in children with autistic behavior.

This study evaluates the amplitudes of auditory evoked responses and the variability of evoked responses, using a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) method applied to individual evoked potential in a cross-modal (sound and light) association paradigm in 17 children with autistic behavior matched for sex and chronological age with normal children. Auditory evoked responses were smaller in children with autistic behavior than in normal children. The modifications of amplitudes and of SNR during cross-modal associations allowed the separation of children with autistic behavior into 3 subgroups who presented different patterns of ability to form cross-modal associations. These 3 subgroups of children presented different clinical profiles demonstrating that the differences observed in the ability to form cross-modal associations can be related to differences in the main psychophysiological functions such as attention, intention, motility, association, contact and communication.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Early symptoms in autism from family home movies. Evaluation and comparison between 1st and 2nd year of life using I.B.S.E. scale.

The analysis of 11 home movies taken by parents before the recognition of autistic or atypical disorders of their own child has confirmed the major value of this method for describing early pathological signs. Symptomatology analysis has revealed anomalies of eye contact, a deficiency and variability of emotional expression, a defect of attention and initiation of communication, as well as motor abnormalities. The comparison of the frequency of abnormal behaviour, assessed with a rating scale among three groups of children (autistic, pervasive developmental disorders and normal) revealed behavioural differences as a function of early age and diagnosis, which concern not only social and communicative behaviours, but those of emotion and attention as well. The limits and interest of this methodological approach are discussed and the possibilities of subsequently using these documents in a more complete method, such as blind examination and scoring by uninformed investigators, are suggested.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1992

The assessment of psychophysiological dysfunction in children using the BSE scale before and during therapy.

The purpose of exchange and development therapies (EDT) is to reduce the behavioural problems which are the expression of psychophysiological dysfunction. The aim of this study was to reveal the most disturbed psychophysiological functions and their evolution during the course of EDT in 42 children divided into three groups; group I--15 children with pure autism (A); group II--16 children with autism associated with neurological disorders (AA); and group III--11 children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Among the 12 functions analysed, groups AA, A and APDD had respectively 8, 6 and 4 functions in which the score was high (> 2.5), indicating serious disorders (maximum 4). All the dysfunctions improved during EDT. However, each group had certain areas which were more susceptible to treatment. Further analysis of behaviour problems led to a more precise definition of the objectives and to the adaptation of the therapeutic methods to obtain greater effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Autism and family home movies: preliminary findings.

Preliminary analyses of 12 home movies taken by parents before the recognition of autistic disorders of their own child confirm the major value of this method for describing early signs: anomalies of eye contact, deficient variability of emotional expression, defect of attention and initiation of communication, motor abnormalities, etc. The possibilities of subsequently using these documents in a research context are described: behavior assignment with a rating scale, comparative analysis with movies of normal children, blind examination, and scoring by investigators not informed of the diagnosis.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

[Intraindividual double-blind comparative study of the immediate ocular tolerability of the Na+ and Mg++ salts of N-acetyl-aspartylglutamic acid (NAAGA)].

A good immediate ocular tolerance of eye-drops is paramount for the patient's compliance, and therefore for the therapeutic success. The tolerance of a new formula of NAAXIA, an anti-allergic eye-drop, whose sole modification was the replacement of the Mg++ ion by the Na+ ion, was compared with the previous formula. One drop of each preparation was instilled in one eye so as to make an intraindividual comparison. Just after instillation, each subject was asked to express what he felt, and which eye-drop he preferred. The answers, reported on a sequential analysis graph, clearly show that in all three groups (healthy adults, red-eyed adults, red-eyed children) the slight alteration of the formula led to a marked improvement in immediate tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation: validity and reliability of a scale for the assessment of autistic behaviors.

The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE), is a 20-item paper-and-pencil rating scale specifically designed for the measurement of behavioral parameters which could be related to biological data in autistic children involved in educational programs, neurophysiological studies, and therapeutic trials. The development of the scale, the validity, and reliability studies are presented in this paper. The results suggest that the BSE is an acceptable tool for the assessment of autistic behaviors, easy to handle, and accessible to both professionals and paraprofessionals of the medico-educative staff. It is a useful addition to the bioclinical researcher's evaluation battery for bioclinical and therapeutic studies. However, more work is suggested to further investigate the psychometric properties of this behavior assessment instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Autism in infants and young children. The value of early diagnosis].

Clinical studies of early symptoms are among the most significant advances achieved during recent years in the field of autism. The first descriptions of early symptoms were retrospective and lacked precision. Autistic children are now being seen increasingly early and new insight is being gained into the initial manifestations and differences in clinical patterns. Similarly, differential diagnosis problems (borderline forms) are changing as clinicians evaluate children at younger ages. Although a definitive diagnosis is neither possible nor even desirable before the age of 18 to 24 months, detailed clinical data should be collected early. This data forms the basis for differential diagnosis and will be needed later for differentiating various clinical patterns of developmental disorders, establishing a prognosis, and monitoring therapeutic effects. In prospective longitudinal studies of autistic children, comparison of recent observations with detailed early data is essential. Early initial evaluation includes videotape recordings, assessment of cognitive functions and communication skills, and use of a scale for autistic symptoms. Using the results of evaluations of very young children, a specific semiology (communication disorders) can be developed. Several symptoms probably denote neurophysiologic and/or perceptive disorders. Primary symptoms are now being better distinguished from secondary anomalies (behavior disorders) that may be avoidable or treatable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Use of bioclinical markers for the assessment and treatment of children with pervasive developmental disorders.

The method presented is based on the 3-dimensional bioclinical examination of autistic children. The covariations of behavior ratings, electrophysiological (cortical evoked potentials) and biochemical (urinary monoamine metabolites) measurements are analyzed. The systematic application of these markers provides precise information for a more rational application of therapeutics. It could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of autism.

Arousal↗
PubMed1989

[A psychiatric consultation service at a pediatric hospital. Definitions, nomenclature, perspectives].

A psychiatric consultation service has been implanted for the last 15 years at the Children's Hospital of Tours. It co-ordinates pediatric psychiatric activities on the various wards of this large pediatric center (200 beds). All pediatric psychiatry personnel belong to this autonomous unit which plans their work: clinical care and liaisons, teaching and research activities. This unit manages 1,000 cases a year: 20% of children are aged 0 to 2 years, 40% are under 5 years of age. This type of structure in a university pediatric hospital fosters considerably an early diagnosis and the prompt triaging of children to the services available in their home districts for appropriate care. Furthermore, it facilitates a comprehensive approach with appropriate integration of the somatic and of the psychodynamic dimensions of the child. This type of implantation constitutes a significant step forward in the field. However, its professional activities are handicapped because of the discrepancy between resources made available to psychiatry and pediatrics due to the failure to take into account the type of interventions required of the pediatric psychiatrist. In the hope of remedying these problems of evaluating the services distributed by psychiatry to young children hospitalized in clinical units, we present a specific nomenclature, elaborated after several years of experience. It classifies services in four large categories: Consultation and liaison in in-patient care units; chronic care carried out on a part time basis; admissions to the Pediatric Psychiatry Unit in beds belonging to various pediatric services; complete workups in day care beds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The presence or absence of certain behaviors associated with infantile autism in severely retarded autistic and nonautistic retarded children and very young normal children.

The modified Behavior Observation Scale adapted from Freeman et al. was used to compare normal, retarded, and autistic children with very low developmental ages and to determine the types of behavior that could differentiate these three diagnostic categories of children. Examination of the data revealed that there was much more overlap between autistic and retarded children than between autistic and normal children. However, a behavioral pattern of autism could be delineated and very retarded autistic children could be distinguished from the nonautistic retarded children. The autistic behavioral pattern included subclusters of symptoms that might be interpreted as disturbances of sensory modulation and motility.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term intellectual prognosis of hydrocephalus with reference to 77 children.

The long-term intellectual prognosis of nontumoral hydrocephalus is described: 75% of the population have a full intellectual quotient greater than 70. But often, there is a heterogeneous pattern of the intellectual quotient with a great difference between verbal and performance results because of poor visuospatial skills. Disabilities of syntactical comprehension of language are also encountered. Sex, age, delay before shunting and frequency of shunt complications are not related to intelligence level or pattern. Meningitis and toxoplasmosis often result in a poor intelligence level, but other etiologies do not influence intelligence level or pattern. Visuospatial deficits, attention disorders and language disabilities are independent of the degree of hydrocephalus but are especially encountered when ventricular dilatation persists in spite of the operation.

Attention↗