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Biomedical subjects

J Kunz

Publications and source records attributed to J Kunz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Urinary tract infection in women in daily clinical practice].

Questions concerning the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women related to daily practice are discussed on the basis of personal experience and a review of the literature. Indications and rationale for a single-dose therapy with Cotrimoxazole, Trimethoprim or Fosfomycin are detailed. Special considerations are given to therapeutical approaches to recurrent infection as well as special situations like asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute urethral syndrome, bacteriuria in pregnancy and nosocomial, catheter-associated infections are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Comparative serological reactivity of Taenia crassiceps, Taenia solium and Taenia saginata metacestode neutral glycolipids to infection serum from Taenia crassiceps-infected mice.

A comparative survey was undertaken of the neutral fraction glycolipids from the metacestodes of 3 taeniid species, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, to determine their chemical and serological staining patterns on separation by thin-layer chromatography. The orcinol-positive patterns of T. solium and T. saginata metacestodes exhibited a closer superficial resemblance to each other than to T. crassiceps or T. saginata adults. A comparison of component migration properties against standards of known structure indicated the main oligosaccharide chains to be mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides; however, in T. solium this was extended to at least a heptasaccharide. The multiple banding characteristic of each component is a consequence of lipid moiety heterogeneity. Serologically, the patterns of the 3 taeniid species neutral fraction glycolipids showed virtually the same immunological reactivity towards mouse normal serum, infection serum and a monospecific, polyclonal antibody directed against the trisaccharide component of T. crassiceps. The latter antibody was isolated from mouse infection serum by affinity chromatography on a column of glycolipid-bound octyl-Sepharose CL-4B. Immunochemically, the major common epitope expressed by the neutral fraction glycolipids of the 3 taeniid species is the same or very similar to the glycosphingolipid, neogalatriaosyl ceramide derived from the marine mollusc Turbo cornutus (Gal(beta 1-6) Gal(beta 1-6) Gal(beta 1-1)Cer). Host tissue neutral fraction glycolipids, porcine muscle and bovine muscle, as well as human spleen, were not immunoreactive.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[DNA synthesis activity and growth fractions of brain tumors].

Histoautoradiographic and immunohistochemical studies of biopsies from 27 brain tumors yielded the following preliminary conclusions: 3H-thymidine labeling indices and Ki-67 growth fraction indicate the proliferative activity more reliable than counting of mitoses, the fraction of DNA synthesizing tumor cells and the Ki-67 growth fraction show an equal behaviour, as expected, the immunohistochemical values are higher than the labeling indices because all tumor cells within the proliferation cycles express the nuclear antigen. By the increase of the number of tumors and the use of the different cell kinetic methods on the same tumor tissue the prerequisite to grading of brain tumors as a basis of therapeutic strategy can be improved.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1991

[Sterilization of mentally retarded women].

The sterilization of mentally retarded women raises gynecologic, psychiatric and legal questions. Gynecologic considerations include the experience of the reliability of reversible contraceptive methods with mentally retarded patients and questions concerning the type of operation. From the psychiatric point of view the prognoses of mentally retarded patients and the expected psychic coping with the operation are essential aspects in the indication for sterilization. Last but not least, the Swiss legal framework for sterilization must be considered. This aspect is illustrated on the basis of the results of a catamnestic analysis of 21 patients operated on between 1980 and 1987.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunological recognition of larval Taenia crassiceps glycolipids by sera from parasite-infected mice.

The isolation and purification of a neutral glycolipid fraction from Taenia crassiceps metacestodes (KBS strain), harvested from both male and female NMRI mice at 70-80 days following intraperitoneal infection, revealed 24 thin-layer chromatography-designated glycolipid bands. The glycolipids were defined as ceramide mono- (n = 3), di- (n = 3), tri- (n = 4), tetra- (n = 5), and greater than tetrasaccharides (n = 9) according to their running properties as defined by thin-layer chromatography against standards of known structure. The defined glycolipids were tested for immunoreactivity with sera from noninfected and T. crassiceps-infected NMRI mice (intraperitoneal injection or implantation of 15 larvae/animal) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) until day 33 p.i. (IgM and IgG reaction) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with immunostaining (IgG reaction) until day 7 p.i. ELISA-determined IgM and IgG titres were significantly elevated from day 5 p.i. Immunostaining revealed early reactivity for certain ceramide tetra- and greater than tetrasaccharides (n = 6) on day 3 p.i. From day 5 p.i. onwards, nearly all glycolipids, including ceramide mono- and disaccharides, were recognized by the sera from metacestode-challenged mice. On day 7 p.i., a total of 22 bands were serologically active; of these, a considerable number (n = 10) showed increased staining intensity. Remarkably, in many cases (10 of 20), 3 glycolipids (tetra- and greater than tetrasaccharides) were weakly recognized by mouse sera taken before infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[S-phase fraction of benign mastopathies and breast carcinomas].

The S phase fraction of breast biopsies of 110 patients determined in vitro using 3H-thymidine. In fibrocystic lesions the 3H-thymidine labeling index (3H-TMI) increases parallel to the degree of dysplasia. In our opinion proliferating mastopathies are only those with a 3H-TMI of more than 1%. Invasive ductal mammary carcinomas with the histological structure demonstrate a strong variable proliferative activity histoautoradiographically as expression of their different growth dynamics.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1990

Active transport of proteins into the nucleus.

Nuclear proteins are actively and posttranslationally transported across the nuclear envelope. This transport is a highly selective process that can be divided into two steps, receptor-binding followed by translocation through the nuclear envelope. Receptor-binding is mediated by nuclear localization signals that have been identified in many nuclear proteins. Translocation is energy-dependent and occurs through the nuclear pore complex.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

An outbreak of rotavirus infections in newborns--new aspects?

In the context of a prospective study for detection of rotavirus infections, an outbreak in neonates was observed in April 1986 at the Schweizerische Pflegerinnenschule in Zurich. Altogether, 103 neonates were investigated by means of genome gel electrophoresis for rotaviruses (HRV, human rotavirus) in the feces in the course of April 1986. Of these 103 neonates, 51 (49%) were HRV-positive and 52 (51%) were HRV-negative. Of the 51 HRV-positive neonates, 42 (82%) showed clinical symptoms, especially a typically altered pathological quality of the feces and an increased frequency of fecal passage. Vomiting and fever were observed less frequently. The pathological quality of the feces proved to be significantly correlated with the infection of rotaviruses in the neonate at risk. Besides this, reduced feeding behavior, circulatory signs and in one neonate a convulsive state of unclear etiology were also observed. This has only been rarely described up to now in rotavirus infections in neonates. This study confirms that rotavirus may cause frequently slight symptoms in neonates, but sometimes also symptoms of a clinically significant extent.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1990

Incidence and diagnosis of rotavirus infection in neonates: results of two studies.

The present study investigates the incidence of human rotavirus excretion in neonates of two hospitals. From April 1, 1983 to March 31, 1984, rotaviruses were detected with Rotazyme in the feces of 57 (15%) of 383 neonates at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne, in a total in 71 (5.2%) of the 1369 stool samples tested. Of the 57 neonates with Rotazyme-positive stool samples, 53 (93%) were asymptomatic. The problems of the specificity of Rotazyme in neonatal feces and the possibility of rapid testing on neonatology wards are discussed. In a prospective study carried out in April 1986 at the "Schweizerische Pflegerinnenschule in Zurich", rotaviruses were detected with genome gel electrophoresis in the feces of 15 (63%) of 24 risk neonates in the premature baby ward and in 36 (46%) of 79 neonates from the infant nursery, in a total in 63 (34%) of the 188 stool samples tested. In this rotavirus outbreak all rotaviruses detected showed the same band pattern, and therefore had an identical electrophorotype. Symptoms and hospital hygiene aspects of this outbreak will be dealt with in subsequent papers.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1990

Nosocomial rotavirus infections in neonates: means of prevention and control.

Fifteen out of 24 risk neonates from the premature baby ward (= 63%) and 36 of 79 healthy neonates from the infant nursery (= 46%) at a Zürich hospital were infected within a period of 29 days during a nosocomial epidemic human rotavirus (HRV) outbreak. Forty-two out of 51 of all HRV-infected babies (=82%) manifested clinical symptoms, but these could not all be attributed to an HRV infection. On average, rotavirus could be detected in infected risk neonates five days after their admission to the premature baby ward. Eleven of the 15 risk neonates were infected within 10 days after the admission of the index case. Immediately after detection of the epidemic process, specific detailed countermeasures were instituted, including hand protection and hand disinfection, individual nursing set and cohorting of already infected babies. Early institution of such measures and information of all persons responsible for treatment and care of the babies concerned are crucial for success.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

S-phase fraction of human tumors and preneoplasia.

Biopsies recovered from human tumors and their preneoplasias (n = 250) were incubated in vitro with 3H-Thymidine, and histoautoradiographic labeling indices (TLIs) were measured. We studied cervical carcinomas and dysplasias of the squamous epithelium of the cervical portio: oral carcinomas and leukoplakias; breast carcinomas and fibrocystic mastopathies; basal cell epitheliomas as well as cerebral tumors of differing degree of malignancy. In each case 2000 to 4000 cells were counted. The relevance of the procedure was examined in methodological investigations. The most important results can be summarized as follows: TLIs represent a relative measure of the size of S-phase fraction of malignant tumors and their behaviour runs parallel with different rate growth. Even for tumors of the same histologic type (Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri: invasive-ductal breast carcinoma) TLIs are proliferation-kinetic parameters of prognostic significance, in that they characterize the different degrees of malignancy of such tumors. If account is taken of certain conditions, the reliability of the indices is not greatly affected by the intratumoral heterogeneity of cell proliferation. TLIs are more reliable than is histologic description in determining the proliferative potential of dysplasic epithelial changes and various forms of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Cell kinetic investigations in fibrocystic mastopathies and invasive breast carcinomas].

The thymidine labeling index (TLI) was measured in tissues from 64 women with fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas and invasive breast carcinomas by an in vitro method. The lesions were classified according to Prechtel and Hutter. Per patient a total of about 5000 cells were counted from five different regions. The TLI in Mastopathia (MP) I was 0.23 +/- 0.16 (mean +/- SD), in MP I-II 0.43 +/- 0.40, in MP II 0.77 +/- 0.41, in MP III 0.99 +/- 0.67, in fibroadenomas 0.87 +/- 0.49 and in carcinomas 3.44 +/- 2.04. These results underline the proliferative heterogeneity of different forms of fibrocystic conditions. Their relative risk for the subsequent development of invasive breast cancer seems to be low but different. The variable labeling indices of breast cancer express the different growth rate of the tumors. Labeling indices, flowcytometric data and immunohistochemically detected Ki-67-growth fraction show a similar behaviour. Results of cell kinetic studies could contribute for characterization of human breast carcinoma and their preneoplasias.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of methodical factors on the in vitro labeling of tissue samples with 3H-thymidine].

The influence of a delayed start of incubation of liver tissue from 7 day old rates on 3H-thymidine incorporation in different cell fractions was studied histoautoradiographically. 10 intervals before incubation (0-360 min) were tested. The TLIs are decreased when incubation is started more than 100 min after tissue excision. In vitro experiments performed immediately after tissue excision show also decreased values in comparison to such incubated 20 min later. The proliferative behaviour of cells which are stored more than 2 hours before incubation is similar to cells of old animals, especially such cells demonstrate a prolongation of their S-phase. Carbogen stimulates 3H-thymidine incorporation but DNA synthesis is not stopped completely when nitrogen is added during incubation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Immunohistochemical detection of chromogranin A and morphometric findings in pancreatic nesidioblastosis in children].

The histologic features and morphometric data of the endocrine pancreas (surgical specimens) of 12 infants suffering from persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia are reported. In 3 cases, a focal nesidioblastosis, in another 3 cases, a diffuse nesidioblastosis were observed. 2 infants demonstrate B-cell adenomata and 4 adenomata combined with a diffuse nesidioblastosis. In respect to volume density of the endocrine pancreas and diameter of the islets, there are no differences between cases with diffuse nesidioblastosis and age-matched controls. Structural changes of the endocrine pancreas in cases with nesidioblastosis are detectable by their chromogranin-A-immunoreactivity. Further investigations are necessary to clarify if there are disturbances in the relationships between chromogranin A and peptide hormones additionally to structural changes in the pancreas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Taenia crassiceps metacestode vesicular fluid antigens shared with the Taenia solium larval stage and reactive with serum antibodies from patients with neurocysticercosis.

After removal of host (mouse) serum proteins (albumin, transferrin, IgG and another five unidentified proteins) by immunoaffinity chromatography, the vesicular fluid of T. crassiceps metacestodes (TcVF) was immunoelectrophoretically examined for antigens recognized by rabbit antiserum to aqueous crude extract of T. solium cysticerci. Based on a precipitate pattern developed in electroimmunodiffusion, nine cross-reactive antigens could be demonstrated. In the ELISA, TcVF was shown to be a potent antigen for the demonstration of IgG antibodies in the sera of Mexican patients (n = 14) with confirmed neurocysticercosis (mean E490 values +/- SD: 0.39 +/- 0.38) although it was less sensitive when compared to T. solium VF (0.95 +/- 0.54). Sensitivity was much higher using cross-reactive TcVF antigens selected by immunoaffinity chromatography with rabbit IgG antibodies to larval T. solium crude extract (0.87 +/- 0.57). SDS-PAGE fluorograph of cross-reactive, radioiodinated TcVF protein antigens and selected by antibodies of individual neurocysticercosis sera (n = 13), exhibited six to nine bands depending on the serum tested. Altogether ten 125I-labelled proteins (Mr range from about 20,000 to 200,000) were recognized by neurocysticerosis antibodies. Four proteins (Mr about 22,000, 25,000, 32,000 and 45,000) were detected by all sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical efficacy of amoxycillin/clavulanate in laparoscopically confirmed salpingitis.

To test the efficacy and safety of amoxycillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), 102 hospital patients with laparoscopically confirmed acute salpingitis were treated with parenteral amoxycillin/clavulanate (1.2 g qid for three days) followed by oral amoxycillin/clavulanate (two tablets of 625 mg tid for a further six days). Bacteriological samples were obtained from the cervix uteri and the pouch of Douglas. One hundred patients were assessable for clinical outcome using several variables including pain scores. Amoxycillin/clavulanate alone was effective in 95 patients (95%). Three patients (3%) responded to amoxycillin/clavulanate with marked improvement but another antibiotic was subsequently added to their treatment regimen. Treatment failed in two patients. At follow-up two weeks after hospital discharge, three patients (3.8%) had relapsed or were re-infected. Adverse drug events included one case of drug fever, one case of rash and one case of severe diarrhoea. Treatment was stopped in all three cases. Gastrointestinal reactions, mainly mild diarrhoea, were seen in 31 patients. No clinically relevant changes in haematological or clinical chemical indices were attributable to the amoxycillin/clavulanate treatment. We conclude that amoxycillin/clavulanate is a clinically effective and safe treatment for acute salpingitis.

Acute Disease↗