Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Kríz

Publications and source records attributed to J Kríz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effect of gemcitabine in the treatment of rejection in experimental small intestine transplantation.

The aim of our study was to test the immunosuppressive effect of gemcitabine in monotherapy following heterotopic SBT in the rat. The BN and LEW rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively. Recipients were divided into 4 groups--group A without immunosuppression, group B treated with a therapeutic dose of tacrolimus, groups C and D treated with various doses of gemcitabine (100 and 150 microg/kg/day). Immunosuppression was administered once a day for 7 days after SBT, when the animals were sacrificed and a histological examination of grafts was performed. Only in group B no signs of acute rejection were seen. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were noted only between group B versus groups A, C, and D. No significant differences were demonstrated between groups A versus groups C, D and between group C versus group D. Monotherapy by gemcitabine (when administered at given doses) was not shown to be effective in preventing acute rejection in a rat model of heterotopic SBT.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Infectious complications after arthroscopic replacement of the cruciate ligaments].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Infection following replacement of the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint may result in not only graft failure but also complete destruction of the joint. The aim of this study was to report the authors' experience with the diagnosis and therapy of this, fortunately occasional, complication. MATERIAL: In the period from October 1999 till June 2003, a total of 2372 arthroscopic operations of the knee joint were carried out; of these, 908 were cruciate ligament replacements. Three surgeons using the same technique were involved. An autologous graft taken from the ligamentum patellae and fixed with interference screws was used in 857 knees, and a graft derived from the tendon of the semitendinosus or the gracilis muscle, with "endobutton" fixation, was employed. Two kinds of inflammatory complications were recorded in the early post-operative period, i. e., infection of the articular cavity and infected subcutaneous hematoma at site of graft collection. METHODS: When infection of the articular cavity was suspected because of severe pain, perspiration, motion restriction, articular exudate and increased temperature, arthrocentesis was performed and a sample of the fluid withdrawn was sent for cultivation; laboratory tests (blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) were carried out and antibiotic therapy was started. When there was no subsidence of signs within 24 h, revision surgery was carried out without waiting for the results of laboratory examination. Coagula from inside of the cavity were removed through a short incision on the lateral side of the suprapatellar recess and, after repeated thorough irrigation, a suction drain was inserted. Antibiotic therapy was administered parenterally. Infected subcutaneous hematoma, associated with edema, reddening and tension of the skin, pain, fluctuation and, in some cases, high temperature, was treated by disintegration of the wound, removal of the hematoma, debridement and thorough irrigation. After drain insertion, the wound was closed by suture. The development of infectious complications was assessed in relation to the risk factors described in the literature, namely, patient's age, operating room time and tourniquet application, previous infections of the upper respiratory or urinary tracts, previous surgery on the same joint and the season in which the operation was performed. RESULTS: A total of 37 revision operations following replacement of the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint were carried out; of these, 29 involved the articular cavity. An infectious agent was found in six cases (0.7 % of the total number of cruciate ligament replacements). Eight knees were treated for hematoma in the wound at site of graft collection and, in seven of them, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated (0.8 % of the total number of crucial ligament replacements). For recurrent problems the distal fixation material had to be removed in two patients at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Afterwards the patients were free from symptoms. The only risk factor for the development of infection was found to be previous surgery on the same joint. DISCUSSION: The authors prefer early revision surgery in the cases showing signs of developing infection in the articular cavity or hematoma in the wound after graft collection. Therefore the results of positive cultivation were fewer in comparison with other relevant reports. In revision surgery on the articular cavity, the authors made a 2-cm incision on the lateral side of the suprapatellar recess, which enabled them to wash out all coagula, in comparison to other authors who recommend irrigation with the use of arthroscopic apparatus only. The early intervention made it possible to keep all grafts in situ. The only factor associated with a higher occurrence of complications in our patients was a previous operation on the same joint. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of their experience with arthroscopic replacement of the cruciate ligaments, the authors recommend an active approach if the development of infectious complications is suspected. In our patients, no persisting sequelae were recorded.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed2001

Diet and the risk of lung cancer among women. A hospital-based case-control study.

Variation in diet has been suspected to be one of cofactors related to geographic variation in lung cancer risk, namely for women, or other population groups with a low exposure to cigarette smoking. The study has been designed to obtain more insight into possible associations between diet and lung cancer risk among women in a country with a Central European socioeconomic background. In a hospital-based case-control study personal interviews of 282 female lung cancer cases and 1120 female controls were done using a structured standard questionnaire. Cigarette smoking was the most important factor associated with excess risk for lung cancer among women. Significantly increased risk was found both among current smokers (OR = 9.22), and ex-smokers (OR = 7.11). Positive dose-response gradients (p < 0.001) were observed between lung cancer risk and the daily number of cigarettes, duration of smoking, and number of pack-years. For squamous-, small- and large-cell cancers combined, significant associations of lung cancer risk with the consumption of red meat and poultry (OR = 2.33, and OR = 8.67, respectively), and an inverse association with the consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.55) were found. No such variations in risk were observed for adenocarcinoma, including the bronchioalveolar cancer type. For all lung cancer types combined, coffee drinking showed a significant inverse association with lung cancer risk risk (OR = 0.66). While smoking is the major risk for lung cancer, diet may have a contributory role. Variations in the intake of some components of diet, namely red meat, poultry, vegetables, and coffee may contribute to understanding variations in the risk of lung cancer among Czech women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

The effect of bone marrow transplantation on survival of allogeneic pancreatic islets with short-term tacrolimus conditioning in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Specific immune tolerance achieved by induction of lymphocyte chimerism could reduce the need for immunosuppressive therapy in pancreatic islet transplantation. The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of pre-treatment with donor specific bone marrow on the function of allogeneic islets under the conditions of a short-term immunosuppression. METHODS: Male Lewis-Brown Norway and female Brown Norway rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively. In all recipients diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. In Group 1, 5 animals were treated only by islet transplantation. In Group 2, 7 rats underwent islet transplantation after previous 45-day therapy with tacrolimus 1 mg/kg and hydrocortisone 2 mg/kg, which was stopped 6 days after islet transplantation. Recipients in Group 3 (n = 16) were treated as Group 2 (n = 7) and, in addition, underwent transplantation of 10(8) bone marrow cells 10 days after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. RESULTS: In Group 1, islets were rejected after a median survival time of 11 days. In Groups 2 and 3, islet function has been demonstrated for more than 70 days in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term immunosuppressive therapy prevented islet rejection for at least 70 days. Longer follow-up period is needed to show whether peripheral microchimerism induced by bone marrow transplantation will further improve islet survival in non-immunosuppressed recipients.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Trends in lung cancer mortality in the Czech Republic 1950-1995 and predictions up to the year 2009].

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with considerable geographical variation. In the Czech Republic, the male population experienced the highest lung cancer mortality rates in the mid-80s, ranking with the top mortality rates in Europe. Since that time, notable changes in time trends, widely different for men and women, were observed. The objective of the work is to analyze the trends in lung cancer mortality in the Czech Republic over the last 45 years, to estimate the prediction of the trends for the next decade, and consider the results of some recent surveys informing on the smoking patterns of the Czech population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Standardized mortality from lung cancer in Czech men increased from 22.3/100,000 in 1950 to 79.8 in 1986, and decreased to 69.7 in 1995 (world standard). In the female population: 4.3/100,000 in 1950, 8.5 in 1986, and 11.6 in 1995, respectively. Using a log-linear Poisson regression model, a decrease to 68.0/100,000 for men, and an increase to 16.1 for women by the end of the next decade has been predicted. Some decreases in the age-specific lung cancer mortality rates were observed in young adult men, and, for the next decade, similar trends have been predicted for middle-aged men. In the female population, the trends have been rising in all age groups. There was an increase in the cigarette consumption in the Czech Republic from 1731 cigarettes per 1 inhabitant aged 15 years and older in 1953 to 2552 cigarettes in 1978, and a subsequent decrease to 2279 cigarettes in 1989. The prevalence of smoking in six Czech districts participating in the MONICA project (25) had a downward trend in men aged 25-64 years during the period 1985-1992, whereas no significant changes in smoking prevalence were observed for women. CONCLUSIONS: In the recent phase of the lung cancer epidemic in the Czech Republic, a turn for the better has been taken in men: a decreasing trend in standardized lung cancer mortality was observed since the late 1980s, and its continuation up to 2009 has been predicted (on the average, by -0.7% annually). Conversely, in the female population, further increases in lung cancer mortality can be expected for the next decade (by 3.1% annually). Consequently, a comprehensive control of smoking in women appears to be a priority in lung cancer prevention. Moreover, further studies in the role of potential cofactors affecting the incidence of lung cancer in women deserve attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Onlay island flap urethroplasty in the treatment of urethral strictures].

UNLABELLED: A skin island flap was used to create a neourethra in 65 patients aged 2 to 66 years with prolonged or multiple stricture of the anterior urethra. Before, all patients were treated repeatedly and unsuccessfully by open or endoscopic surgery. The principle of the used onlay technique was to supplement the missing lumen of the urethra by an island, usually preputial flap. In case of as missing segment of the urethra the original inlay-onlay technique was applied. After a mean follow-up period of 27 months 12 complications (18.4%) were recorded, six strictures of the proximal anastomosis, three fistulas and three dehiscences of the glans. CONCLUSION: The onlay island flap urethroplasty makes it possible to cure prolonged and multiple strictures of the urethra in one stage and with a relatively low complication rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An epidemiologic-immunological inquiry into the incidence of altered immunity in children of school age.

The authors examined 536 children 10 years of age to evaluate their immune status and the development of allergies and recurrent respiratory inflammations. Altered resistance was found in as many as 47% of children, pollen allergy and atopic eczema in at least 10.5%, habitual rhinitis in 15.2%, asthma in 3.5% and recurrent inflammatory infections in 13.1%. A higher rate of alterations was found where environmental conditions were deteriorated. Elevated IgE, changes in IgG, IgA and IgM as well as increased levels of acute phase proteins suggest a relationship between the degree of immune impairment and clinical manifestations. Our results imply there are large numbers of children with altered immunity and point to the fact that in common practice only 14% of them are attended to by the clinical immunologist and thus receive causal treatment. It is therefore concluded that, in line with the expansion of noxious factors which accompany our civilization, more attention should be given to the development of immunity in the young population.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Abnormal placement of the testes].

The authors defined a uniform classification of abnormal positions of the testes. They recommend also a uniform therapeutic procedure: after the first year of life treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin in one or two curves, if orchiopexy fails.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of lead poisoning in an exposed pediatric population before and following control of the source].

In the surroundings of a large lead mill, which emitted in the 70 years up to 250 t of lead per year and where the maximum allowable daily immission concentrations of 0.7 microgram/m3 were exceeded by a factor of 20-30, in children mean blood levels above 45 micrograms/100 ml blood were determined. At the beginning of the 80 years the mill had modernised the filter constructions. The emission was decreased to 10% of the original value. The immissions decreased by 50% and the blood lead level in children by 10 to 20%. It could be shown, that the soil was furthermore contaminated and vegetables and fruits contained increased lead levels. Additional measures are to be realised to diminish exposure. The situation described is an example for the long latency of positive changes in the environment and in the health state of the population following environmental preventive measures.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Immunoglobulins and some serum proteins in children with altered resistance coming from areas with variously polluted atmosphere.

In four areas with different types of atmospheric pollution 534 children of school age were examined for serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE), saliva IgA (sIgA), lysozymes (LYS) and acute phase reactants (alfa-l-antitrypsin - A1AT, alfa-2-macroglobulin -A2M, ceruloplasmin -CPL, transferrin - TRF). The children were divided into two groups: those with altered resistance (AR) comprising allergoses of all types and recurrent or persistent infections and those without the above health problems, i.e. healthy (H). There were more children with AR in areas with higher atmospheric pollution than in control areas. The frequency of AR was higher among boys than among girls. In the control area BN, a number of parameters in the AR group differed significantly from those in the H group. In areas with substantial atmospheric pollution these differences were generally less pronounced. Significant differences were found between the control and polluted areas in many indicators. In the area KO characterized by an intermediate degree of industrial pollution the means of the tested parameters were habitually elevated, whereas in the heavily polluted areas they were decreased. The most sensitive tests for evaluating differences between the areas were the levels of A1AT, LYS, and IgE, while the variations of sIgA, sLYS and CPL were less pronounced.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1989

[Bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip joint in a 10-year-old boy].

The author demonstrates a case of bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip joint in a child. The prerequisite of successful treatment of this injury is early and careful reposition, sufficiently long immobilization of the injured joint, intensive rehabilitation in bed, and elimination of burdening before it is established that avascular necrosis did not develop.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of blood protein levels to outdoor air pollutant concentrations in a semicohort of school-age children living in urban areas differing by quality of air.

Variations in some humoral immune responses to polluted air were studied in two semicohorts of children, initial age 10 years, from two urban communities differing from each other by the degree of ambient air pollution. The material for analysis (blood, saliva) was collected every autumn and spring in 3 successive years, giving a total of 6 sets of specimens for each examinee. All blood specimens were examined for the serum level of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), lysozyme (LYS), total serum protein (TP) and the level of the acute reactants alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT), transferrin (TRF) and ceruloplasmin (CPL). The saliva specimens were examined for the level of lysozyme (sLYS) and secretory IgA (sIgA). The mean protein concentrations for each of the 6 sampling series were correlated with the mean of 24-h emission concentrations measured in the last 3 months preceding the autumn or spring sampling series. In the community area characterized by a low-degree non-industrial pollution of air the correlations of immunoglobulins to SO2 and floating particles (FP) in air were as a rule inversed while the response from TP, LYS and acute reactants was direct. In the community contaminated by industrial pollutants, correlations between proteins and SO2 were markedly weaker, but there was a significant positive correlation between H2S and levels of IgA and A2M in blood and sIgA and sLYS in the saliva. A high degree of positive correlation was also observed between H2S and levels of IgM and LYS. Inverse correlations were only between levels of LYS and FP, SO2 and H2S. Significant correlations were also between contaminant concentrations and FP. The associations found between the contaminant concentrations in air and levels of blood and saliva proteins supports the hypothesis that quality of air may have considerable impacts on defense mechanisms. Seasonal variations in the quality of air may increase the rates of childhood morbidity for acute upper respiratory tract infections.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗