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Biomedical subjects

J Koudstaal

Publications and source records attributed to J Koudstaal.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Histological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of centroblastic-centrocytic lymphomas subdivided according to the "working formulation".

A group of 424 lymphomas diagnosed as centroblastic-centrocytic lymphomas at the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel was subdivided into small (S), mixed (M) and large (L) cell groups, according to the "working formulation" proposed in a National Cancer Institute sponsored study. Histological epidemiological and clinical parameters were studied. It was found that in group S a follicular growth pattern was most frequent and in group L a follicular and diffuse growth, while group M took an intermediate position. No statistically significant differences were found in respect to epidemiological factors or overall survival. However, in the first 6 years after the diagnosis the survival in group S was better than in group M, but thereafter a reversal occurred. Group L appeared to have the worst survival throughout. Growth pattern and sclerosis were found to be of limited influence on survival within the cytological groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Morphometrical analysis of T- and B-cell compartments of spleens in Hodgkin's disease.

One possible explanation for the defective cellular immunity in Hodgkin's disease is an abnormal distribution of T lymphocytes. To study this possibility a morphometric analysis of T- and B-areas in non involved and involved spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease was undertaken. We found that in involved spleens a significant reduction of the T dependent area could be demonstrated. We concluded that this reduction is caused by an abnormal distribution of T lymphocytes in the spleen and may partly explain the defects in cellular immunity. In addition, the absence of overlap between the T/B area ratios of involved and non-involved spleens suggests, that a prediction on involvement of spleen can be made by morphometrical analysis of a small, random taken non-involved area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Mesangial function and glomerular sclerosis in rats after unilateral nephrectomy.

To investigate the possible relationship between disturbance of mesangial function and segmental localization of glomerular sclerosis, five uninephrectomized male Wistar rats and five sham-operated controls received colloidal carbon intravenously. At 4 months 8.4 +/- 2.5% of the glomeruli of the nephrectomized rats showed focal sclerosis. Glomeruli of nephrectomized rats contained significantly more carbon than glomeruli of controls. Glomeruli with focal sclerosis contained significantly more carbon than normal glomeruli in the same kidneys with a preferential tracer localization within the lesions. In another experiment carbon injections were given before surgery. At 4 months 12.6 +/- 4.1% of the glomeruli of the nephrectomized rats showed focal sclerosis, an incidence not significantly different from that of the first experiment. Glomerular carbon content was equal in experimental and control rats and no preferential localization of the tracer within the lesions was found. From these results we conclude that the preferential localization of carbon in the glomerular lesions in rats nephrectomized before injection of carbon is caused by the increased delivery of tracer shortly after injection to those glomerular areas where sclerosis will develop at a later time. The development of focal sclerosis may be related to the local deposition of harmful substances from the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A malignant tumor arising from interdigitating cells; light microscopical, ultrastructural, immuno-and enzyme-histochemical characteristics.

A tumor in a 37 years old male is described in which the tumor cells appeared to be derived from interdigitating cells normally found in the T-cell area of lymph nodes. The patient presented with superior vena caval obstruction due to a mediastinal mass, followed by lymph node enlargement and skin lesions leading to death within 4 months. The tumor cells lacked immune markers for lymphocytic cells. They showed Ia-like antigens and high adenosine triphosphatase activity, while acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity was absent. Their fine morphology was strikingly similar to that of interdigitating cells. A combination of these data led us to the conclusion that this tumor represents a specific subtype of the tumors derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system, namely a sarcoma of interdigitating cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopical findings in relation to lightmicroscopy. A study of 74 cases.

From 74 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), fresh biopsy material from involved tissue was investigated histochemically and by light and electron microscopy. The results were compared with the light microscopical conclusions based on three currently utilized classifications, namely of Rappaport, Lukes, and Lennert. The separate groups of low-grade NHL appeared to consist of homogeneous cell populations, both in immunohistological as well as in enzymehistochemical and electron microscopical sense. On the contrary, high-grade NHL constituted a heterogeneous group in which supplementary (immunohistochemical, enzymehistochemical, and electron microscopical) investigation is very useful. All NHLs reacted with anti-human lymphocyte serum, including the so-called histiocytic NHLs according to the Rappaport classification, which proves their lymphocytic origin. Consequently the prefix "histiocytic" should be altered in a morphogenetically correct way. Without exception the B-cell NHLs were characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin on the cell membrane and/or intracytoplasmically. In a part of the immunologically non-T-/non-B-/("null cell") NHLs, a B-cell origin was indicated by the presence of ATPase and/or 5' nucleotidase and a T-cell origin by the presence of dot-like acid phosphatase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

A histochemical study about changes in rat liver plasma membrane enzyme activities after galactosamine administration.

In rats changes in plasma membrane enzyme activities due to Gal-N intoxication were studied by enzymehistochemical methods. The bile canalicular 5'-nucleotidase and nucleoside polyphosphatase activities decreased; the sinusoidal 5'-nucleotidase remained unchanged. The bile canalicular leucyl-beta-naphthyl-amidase showed an increase in activity; the alkaline phosphatase activity remained unchanged. In contrast to the spotty necrosis, changes in plasma membrane enzyme activities were seen in all liver cells, suggesting that changes of these activities, occurring after Gal-N treatment, do not correlate with cell death. The conclusion was drawn that the deviations of the enzyme activities might be due to changes in the lipid environment of the enzyme proteins in the membrane. With the exception of alkaline phosphatase, partial hepatectomy caused the same changes in enzyme activities as did Gal-N intoxication. Nevertheless Gal-N administration to partial hepatectomized rats did not lead to hepatic necrosis. Galactose given simultaneously or within two hours after Gal-N prevented both changes in plasma membrane enzyme activities and hepatocellular damage. This suggests an important role of galactolipids and galactoproteins in the plasma membrane alterations.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

A histochemical study about the influence of lytic enzymes on plasma membrane enzyme activities in rat liver and kidney.

1. The effect of lipolytic, glycolytic and proteolytic enzymes on the activities of plasma membrane enzyme activities in rat liver and kidney has been investigated by a pretreatment of tissue sections with the lytic enzymes. 2. The action of the proteolytic enzymes causes a very strong decrease of leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase activity, whereas the activities of ATP-ase, 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase show a lesser decrease. This indicates a different membrane anchorage of leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase as compared to that of the phosphatases. 3. Treatment with glycolytic enzymes results in a decrease of 5'-nucleotidase and ATP-ase activity, whereas liver alkaline phosphatase and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase show an increase in activity. 4. Treatment with phospholipase C gives about the same results. The very strong decrease of 5'-nucleotidase activity indicates a great dependence on phospholipids.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Influence of fixation and buffer treatment on the release of enzymes from the plasma membrane.

1. Pretreatment of frozon cryostat sections with formaldehyde or calcium ions inhibits diffusion of the plasma membrane enzymes 5' nucleotidase, ATP-ase and alkaline phosphatase during incubation. 2. Treatment of fixed sections with different kinds of buffer at 37 degrees C induces diffusion of enzyme activity from the plasma membrane to other sites of the section and into the incubation medium. This buffer influence depends on temperature: at 4 degrees C only a slight diffusion occurs. Addition of phospholipase C, digitonin or taurocholate to the buffer opposes the buffer effect. 3. Pretreatment of frozen cryostat sections with a mixture of equal parts of chloroform and acetone give a good fixation of the plasma membrane enzymes 5'-nucleotidase, ATP-ase, alkaline phosphate and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase. During this treatment the different kinds of lipids present in the membrane are ex-racted equally. After this fixation buffer treatment does not cause a visible diffusion of enzyme activity in the section. Only a slight diffusion (1 till 7 percent) into the buffer solution takes place. 4. The mentioned treatments open up possibilities to get insight into the membrane anchorage of plasma membrane enzymes.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Application of enzymehistochemical methods to isolated subcellular fractions and to sucrose-ficoll density gradients. A contribution to the comparison of histochemical and biochemical data.

To compare histochemical and biochemical determinations of enzyme activities, enzymehistochemical procedures are applied to sections of pellets of subcelluar fractions. These investigations are of value to determine the subcellular localization of histochemically demonstrable enzyme activities and to test the homogeneity of an isolated fraction. In homogenating duckling liver a great part of the endothelial cells is not destructed and consequently is found in the nuclear fraction. Kupffer cell lysosomes land in the heavy mitochondrial fraction, whereas hepatocyte lysosomes are chiefly found in the light mitochondrial fraction. beta-Glucuronidase activity shows a preferentially microsomal localization. Application of enzymehistochemical staining reactions to discontinuous gradients and comparison with biochemical data provides additional information about the validity of an enzymehistochemical reaction. In rat liver the tetrazolium reductases show a distinctly dual localization: activity in the mitochondrial band and in microsomal bands. As to their localization in different bands of the gradients non-specific esterases demonstrate a clear pH-dependency.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1976

Measuring glomerular diameters in tissue sections.

In some kidney diseases it is important to know the diameters of the glomeruli. If only tissue sections are available, glomeruli are cut at different levels, and direct estimation of the real diameter is impossible. A variant of Hening's method is presented which allows calculation of the real glomerular diameters, and frequency distribution of the diameters in the glomerular population. The accuracy and reliability of the method are demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Enzyme histochemistry as a link between biochemistry and morphology.

The presented paper describes the role of enzyme histochemistry in cell biological investigations. In the first chapter a general discussion has been given about enzyme histochemistry as a connecting link between biochemistry and morphology. The methods available for determination of enzymes in a particular cell or cell compartment have been reviewed. In this respect the characteristics of enzyme histochemistry have been discussed. Furthermore, attention has been paid to the possibilities and limitations of enzyme histochemistry. In chapter two a comparison has been made between histochemically judged and biochemically determined enzyme activities. Some fundamental differences between the biochemical and the histochemical approach in cell biological investigations are dealt with. To correlate histochemically and biochemically determined enzyme activities, a description has been given of the application of histochemical methods on isolated fractions and sucrose-ficoll gradients of these fractions. Several experimental results are described concerning the question whether a relation exists between histochemically and biochemically determined activities of respectively alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and 3ss-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. From these results the conclusion could be drawn that in general a good correlation exists between histochemically judged activity per volume (area X thickness) and biochemically determined activity per gram tissue. In chapter three the role of enzymes as markers of cellular particles and as parameters of metabolic pathways is described. Histochemical methods are available for most marker enzymes. Only activities of key enzymes can be regarded as parameters of metabolic pathways. The distribution in sucrose-ficoll gradients of enzymes, regarded as markers of mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes has been given. The changes occur ing under different experimental conditions for a number of marker enzymes in rat liver are described. Attention has been given to the contibution of enzyme histochemistry in the study of the heterogeneity of mitochondria, the dual localization of some (lysosomal) enzymes, the complexity of the microsomal fraction, the function of the Golgi apparatus and the heterogeneity and function of plasma membranes. Based on these results and on literature findings the possible role of some marker enzymes in cell metabolism has been discussed. In chapter four problems coherent with species and sex differences in enzyme activities are described. The interpretation of histochemical and biochemical results in view of these differences is discussed. Enzymes characteristic for a given cell type -3ss-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in steroid producing cells, ATP-ase in liver plasma membrane surrounding the bile canaliculi - do show less variations between species and sexes than enzymes not directly involved in specialized functions...

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗