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Biomedical subjects

J Komorowski

Publications and source records attributed to J Komorowski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on pituitary-adrenal axis (PAA) in rats in vivo.

We have studied the in vivo influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on blood plasma concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone in Wistar rats. The administration of 10 micrograms/kg b.w. GM-CSF at 45 (P < 0.01), 90 (P < 0.01) and at 45 (P < 0.001), 90 (P < 0.001) and 180 min (P < 0.001) increased the secretion of ACTH and corticosterone, respectively. Prolonged administration of 10 micrograms/kg b.w. of GM-CSF increased the ACTH (P < 0.001) and corticosterone (P < 0.001) concentration in blood plasma. We have also found that chronic treatment with 10 micrograms/kg b.w. of GM-CSF increased the proliferative activity of corticotrophs (P < 0.05), but it did not significantly change the total cell proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland. Moreover, this cytokine increased cell proliferation of the adrenal cortex (P < 0.001). These experiments suggest that GM-CSF activates the pituitary-adrenal axis and support the hypothesis of bidirectional associations between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1998

Cytokines serum levels as the markers of thyroid activation in Graves' disease.

In order to examine which cytokine could be used as a marker of the biological effect of thyroid hormones or anti-thyroid antibodies in Graves' disease (GD) patients, we simultaneously evaluated the concentrations of TSH, free thyroid hormones (fT3 and fT4), anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO and anti-TG) and a group of cytokines: interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and their soluble receptors (sIL-2R, sTNFalphaR, sIL-6R) as well as interleukin-10 (IL-10) in eight GD females and nine normal controls. We found that serum sIL-2R concentrations of GD patients had only the tendency to be higher versus controls, but strong positive correlations between fT3 and fT4 and sIL-2R in peripheral blood of GD subjects were revealed. We showed that sIL-2R was the best cytokine marker, showing very good correlation with the endocrine status of GD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Percutaneous ethanol injection in treatment of benign nonfunctional and hyperfunctional thyroid nodules.

In recent years a new method of treatment of thyroid disorders, percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), has been successfully used as an alternative to surgery for the management of benign nodules. In this study 103 females and 5 males (34.4 +/- 11.3 yrs) with nonfunctional cystic (23) or solid (38) nodules, and also 47 with hyperfunctional solid nodules, were treated with single or repeated ethanol injections. In all patients, the cytological studies, ultrasound evaluation and the levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyrotropin or thyroids-stimulating hormone (TSH) before and after ethanol administration, were determined. The patients were followed up for 12-36 months. The size of the benign nonfunctional nodules was totally reduced in 49.9% of cases with solid and in 60.9% of patients with cystic nodules. Hyperthyroidism was cured in 91.5% of patients. The PEI procedure was connected with a few significant complications only, in relation to the localization of nodules. It was cheap, possible on an outpatient basis, easy to perform and acceptable to patients. Since the cost of thyroidectomy is high and the complication rate significant, PEI is a suitable substitute treatment especially for some patients with small toxic benign nodules of the thyroid gland.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1998

Effects of thyrotropin, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone on sIL-2R in vitro secretion from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin (0.06, 0.6, 6, and 60 microIU/ml), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mIU/ml) on soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) release in vitro from resting or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was evaluated. sIL-2R concentrations were measured in supernatants of cultured cells by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA). TSH in a dilution of 0.6 microIU/ml and FSH in a concentration of 1 mIU/ml inhibited the secretion of sIL-2R only (p < 0.01) into supernatants from PHA activated PBMC cultures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of hCG and beta-hCG on IL-2 and sIL-2R secretion from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a dose-response study in vitro.

The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as well as beta-subunit of hCG (B-hCG) in concentrations of: 80,000/25,000; 500; 50; 5 mIU/ml on in vitro release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) from resting or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. Both the interleukins were measured in supernatants of human PBMC by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA). We found that hCG in the dilutions of 80,000 mIU/ml (P < 0.01) and 5 mIU/ml (P < 0.05) diminished IL-2 secretion only from PHA activated PBMC. beta-hCG in concentrations of 5 mIU/ml (P < 0.05), 500 mIU/ml (P < 0.01) and 25,000 mIU/ml (P < 0.05) also diminished IL-2 secretion from PHA activated PBMC, and only in a dilution of 25,000 mIU/ml (P < 0.05) from resting PBMC. Simultaneously, hCG in concentration of 80,000 mIU/ml (P < 0.01) potentiated the release of sIL-2R into supernatants from resting and PHA activated PBMC, but in concentration of 50 mIU/ml (P < 0.05) slightly depressed the secretion of IL-2 from PHA activated PBMC cultures. beta-hCG in dilution of 25,000 mIU/ml (P < 0.001) stimulated the release of sIL-2R from resting or PHA activated PBMC. beta-hCG had also inhibitory effect on sIL-2R secretion from resting (in a dilution of 50 mIU/ml; P < 0.05) and PHA activated (500 mIU/ml; P < 0.01) PBMC. The inhibitory effect of very high concentrations of hCG and beta-hCG on IL-2 secretion together with their stimulatory effect on sIL-2R release from PBMC may be an important event during the human pregnancy and various cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of luteinizing hormone alpha-subunit on IL-2 and sIL-2R in vitro secretions from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

The effect of luteinizing hormone alpha-subunit (LH alpha-SU) in concentrations of 50.0, 5.0, 0.5, and 0.05 mIU/ml on the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) secretions in vitro from resting or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied. Both interleukins were measured in supernatants of cultured cells by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA). LH alpha-SU in the concentrations tested did not influence the secretion of IL-2 (p > 0.05) or even depress the release of sIL-2R (50.0, 5.0, 0.5 mIU/ml; p < 0.001) into supernatants of PBMC cultures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Modelling cardiac patient set residuals using rough sets.

Many medical studies deal with the assessment of the prognostic or diagnostic power of some particular test with respect to some particular medical condition. However, even though a test is deemed to be powerful in this respect, the test may not be strictly needed to perform for everyone. If the test is costly or invasive, this issue is of particular interest. This paper presents a methodology based on rough set theory and Boolean reasoning that can be used to identify those patients for whom performing the test is redundant or superfluous. Furthermore, the methodology enables one to automatically construct a set of descriptive and minimal if-then rules that model the patient group in need of the test. A reanalysis of a previously published real-world dataset of patients with chest pain is used as a case study.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1997

Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and beta-hCG on oncostatin M release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as well as the beta-subunit of hCG (beta-hCG) in concentrations of 80,000/25,000, 500, 50, and 5 mIU/ml on in vitro release of oncostatin M (OSM) from resting or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), were studied. The concentration of OSM was measured in supernatants of human PBMC by quantitative sandwich enzyme technique. The hCG in dilutions of 80,000 mIU/ml (p < 0.05) stimulated OSM secretion from PHA activated or resting (p < 0.001) PBMC, but at a concentration of 5.0 mIU/ml diminished OSM release from activated cell cultures (p < 0.05). The beta-hCG at concentrations of 25,000 mIU/ml diminished OSM secretion only from PHA-activated PBMC. The hCG and beta-hCG at very high concentrations modulated the secretion of OSM from human lymphoid cells.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1996

Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor on prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in rats: dose- and time-response in vivo studies.

The in vivo effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the plasma levels of prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in rats were studied. The administration of 10 micrograms/kg G-CSF at 45 min (p < 0.05) and 90 min (p < 0.01) or 10 micrograms/kg GM-CSF at 45 and 90 min (p < 0.01) stimulated the secretion of ACTH. Moreover, G-CSF administration only, in doses of 10 micrograms/kg at 45 min (p < 0.05) and 90 min (p < 0.01) augmented PRL secretion into the blood. These experiments suggest that the human colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF and G-CSF) activate the anterior pituitary gland in vivo to ACTH secretion, but only G-CSF positively influenced PRL release in rats.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1995

Somatostatin (SRIF) stimulates the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) in vitro.

Recent evidence has revealed that various neuropeptides appear to have distinct roles as immunomodulators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides (thyreoliberin [TRH], somatostatin [SRIF], and gonadoliberin [LH-RH]) on the secretion of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated human peripheral blood monocytes (PM) cultured in vitro. LPS in concentration 1.5 micrograms/ml stimulated PBM to release IL-1 beta or IL-6 into the supernatants. SRIF in concentrations from 10(-8)M to 10(-10)M (but neither RH nor LH-RH in the same concentrations) potentiated the release of IL-6 from PBM. None of the tested neuropeptides stimulated the release of IL-1 beta from LPS activated human monocytes. These data indicate that SRIF in physiological or pharmacological concentrations which activate the release of IL-6 from PBM may be one of the regulators of immune response in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor on melatonin secretion in rats in vivo and in vitro studies.

The study was performed in order to clarify whether granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) affect melatonin production and release. We have found that both factors (GM-CSF at doses of 10.0 and 100.0 micrograms/kg, and G-CSF at doses of 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 micrograms/kg) stimulate melatonin secretion in rats in vivo. Positive correlations between tested doses of GM-CSF and G-CSF and plasma melatonin levels were observed (P < 0.01). Moreover, GM-CSF at doses of 2.0 and 20.0 ng/ml activated in vitro the pineal gland to melatonin release (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro is mediated via both types of angiotensin II receptors.

The influence of different concentrations of angiotensin II (ANG II) and two specific nonpeptide ANG II receptor antagonists losartan (AT1 receptor blocker) and PD 123319 (AT2 receptor blocker) on the spontaneous proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes has been estimated in vitro by the [3H]thymidine uptake assay. It was found that ANG II (10(-6)-10(-12)M) significantly enhanced the [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of mouse splenocytes with the maximal effect at 10(-10)M. This stimulatory effect of ANG II on the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes was completely blocked when ANG II receptor antagonists losartan (10(-8)M) or PD 123319 (10(-8)M) were added together with ANG II (10(-10)M). Losartan or PD 123319 tested alone were inactive in this experimental conditions. This findings indicate for the first time the stimulatory effect of ANG II on the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro. This effect seems to be mediated by both types of ANG II receptors.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1994

Increased interleukin-2 levels during standard TRH test in man.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pluripotential cytokine that, besides its role in the regulation of immunocompetent cells function, also stimulates hormone secretion. On the other hand, several factors, including cytokines (interleukin-1, IL-1; interleukin-6, IL-6) and pituitary hormones (thyrotropin, TSH; prolactin, PRL), exert stimulatory effects on T-cell connected IL-2 production. In order to evaluate the role of both pituitary hormones in the activation of the immune system, the following two standard diagnostic tests were performed: TRH test (0.2 mg) in 8 healthy human subjects (4F/4M) aged 18-50 years, and oral metoclopramide (MCP) test (10 mg) in 8 females with galactorrhea and regular menstruation aged 18-52 years. The mobilization (peak response) of PRL, TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 in TRH test, and PRL, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 for MCP test were evaluated. The responses of TSH (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 12.3 +/- 2.2 microlU/ml, p < 0.01), PRL (15.3 +/- 2.3 vs 46.4 +/- 8.8 ng/ml, p < 0.01), T3 (178.0 +/- 16.4 vs 248.7 +/- 21.1 ng/dl, p < 0.001), T4 (7.9 +/- 0.4 vs 9.6 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl, p < 0.001), and IL-2 (45.6 +/- 7.8 vs 79.9 +/- 16.4 fmol/ml, p < 0.05) in TRH test were noted. The peak response of PRL (16.3 +2- 2.6 vs 107.7 +/- 22.4 ng/ml, p < 0.01) in MCP test was also observed, but without any changes in interleukin concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The evidence of thyroliberin/triiodothyronine control of TSH secretory response from human peripheral blood monocytes cultured in vitro.

Immune system function has been shown to be under the influence of various neuromodulators and endocrine system peptides. This in vitro study describes the stimulatory effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (thyroliberin, TRH) on thyrotropin (TSH) release from cultured human peripheral blood monocytes. The stimulatory effect of TRH on TSH release from monocytes is totally blocked by triiodothyronine (T3) administrations. These results indicate that TSH release from human monocytes is under the control of TRH/T3 mechanisms, similar to hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Analgesic efficacy and potency of two oral controlled-release morphine preparations.

MS Contin tablets and Oramorph SR tablets are two forms of oral controlled-release morphine sulfate available for the alleviation of pain. Our objective was to compare their analgesic effects in a relative potency assay. In this study, 151 patients undergoing caesarean section or abdominal hysterectomy and reporting moderate or severe postoperative pain received a 30 or 90 mg dose of either drug in a balanced, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, single-dose experimental design. Patients provided self-ratings of analgesia. Relative potency for pain relief were calculated from log dose-effect curves. For total pain relief (rated by visual analog scales) over 12 hours, the log dose relative potency estimate for MS Contin tablets/Oramorph SR tablets was 1.9 (95% confidence limits, 0.89 to 11.1); for peak pain relief (visual analog scales) the relative potency estimate was 1.7 (95% confidence limits, 0.65 to 48.3). Overall, the 90 mg dose of MS Contin was more effective than 30 or 90 mg doses of Oramorph SR and the 30 mg dose of MS Contin at hours 6 to 12. Adverse experiences (mainly drowsiness) were mostly mild to moderate, with no significant differences in their overall incidence or severity between equivalent doses. MS Contin tablets provided greater peak, total, and duration of analgesia, without higher incidence of adverse experiences.

Administration, Oral↗