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Biomedical subjects

J Kolár

Publications and source records attributed to J Kolár.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Prescription and structure of formulation of medicinal preparations in a pharmacy. II].

The paper is concerned with the analysis of all medicinal preparations prepared extemporaneously in a pharmacy within 12 months (July 2002 through June 2003). The set under study comprised 5 260 preparations. Preparations were prescribed primarily by dermatologists, their share being 31.3 %. The expiratory period of the largest number of preparations (61.8 %) was one month. Of the total number of medicinal preparations, 76.1% were prepared on medical prescriptions, 3.5 % on orders, and 20.4 % were sold over the counter. The average annual share of preparations in the total turnover was 2.3 %.

Drug Compounding↗
PubMed2005

[Dispensation during pharmaceutical emergency service].

The paper deals with the analysis of 24 694 medical prescriptions dispensed during pharmaceutical stand-by duty service within 12 months. 8072 medical prescriptions (32.7 %) were issued by first-aid medical service. 72.2 % of requirements for pharmaceutical stand-by duty service took place between 19.00 to 22.00. Patients under 20 requiring pharmaceutical stand-by duty service represented 37.8 %. One medical prescription issued by medical first-aid service included 1.8 packages of pharmaceutical preparations. Medical prescriptions issued by medical first-aid service to adults included altogether 529 different sorts of medicinal preparations, those issued to children, 269 sorts.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2005

[Contemporary programme of pharmaceutical studies in Germany].

In the year 2002, both the Czech and Slovak Faculties of Pharmacy celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the existence of four-year and later five-year university courses of pharmaceutical studies, the contents of which were being continuously modified in order to comply with principal trends in the field of pharmacy. A new programme of pharmaceutical studies which has just started at German universities can serve us as a certain example and provide comparison, or inspiration.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

GIS tools for tick and tick-borne disease occurrence.

Geographic information systems (GIS), their fundamental components and technologies are described. GIS is a computer-based system enabling the storage, integration, query, display and analysis of data using information on data location. Further, remote sensing (RS) methods and their application in landscape characterization are described. Landscape pattern analysis, combined with statistical analysis, allows the determination of landscape predictors of disease risk. This makes RS/GIS a powerful set of tools for disease surveillance, enabling the prediction of potential disease outbreaks and targeting intervention programs. The 'pre-GIS era' is briefly described including the early mapping of tick distribution, analyses and the display of biogeographical and medical data. The theory of natural focality of diseases (NFD) is explained and its significance in tick-borne diseases (TBD) research is discussed. Many problems of tick ecology and TBD epidemiology and epizootology have been addressed by means of GIS and examples of these studies are presented and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[The information potential of the names of drugs].

Authors pay their attention to the issue of names of pharmaceuticals and drugs and their relationship to their therapeutic use. They specify way of making names of pharmaceuticals and structure of those names (chemical name, trivial name, generic name, unprotected name--INN, name in dispensatory) and way of making names of drugs (protected titles of original drugs, names of generic drugs). One part of the work comprises a chapter applying to subsidiary pharmaceutical agents and their E-code.

Drugs, Generic↗
PubMed2004

[Unit dose systems prepared for geriatric patients. I].

The project was carried out to facilitate and improve the quality of the use of drugs by geriatric patients aiming at the observation of the therapeutic regimen and the improvement of their compliance. The group under study comprised 15 clients living in a selected old people's home in the city of Brno, for whom the pharmacist prepared drugs into one-week blister dispensers on the basis of their health dossiers for a period of 6 months (February - July 2002). Polypharmacy occured in all patients included into a unit-dose preparation for drugs; they took on average 16 drugs in a week. The most frequently administered drugs belonged to the ATC groups of psycholeptics, anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents, peripheral vasodilators, antianaemic agents, cardiac therapy, diuretics, and vasoprotectives and venopharmaceuticals. The dimensions of the dispensers used and the size of individual blisters in them proved to be sufficient with an average number of 11 drugs dispensed weekly. The preparation of one-week drug dispensers was also evaluated from the standpoint of time consumption. The average time of preperation of dispensers by the pharmacist was 16 minutes 20 seconds. Time consumption was connected not only with the total number of drugs dispensed, but also with the frequency of drug dosing, splitting (halving, quartering) of drugs, and frequent changes in medication.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Unit dose systems prepared for geriatric patients II].

In the present project, the clients of an old people's home received their drugs in one-week blister dispensers prepared by a pharmacist. After filling, the dispensers were covered with a paper sticker identifying the patient and contained drugs. The health workers of the old people's home, who worked with the drugs of their clients in one-week blister dispensers, reported the hygiene of the dispenser, clearness of information about the patient and contained drugs and their dosage regimen on each dose of drugs, clearness of the indication of individual days and dates on each dose of drugs, and the fact that the one-week blister dispensers prepared by the pharmacist save the time of nurses to be the best valued aspects of the prepared one-week systems.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Prescription and structure of formulation of medicinal preparations in a pharmacy I].

The paper is concerned with the analysis of all medicinal preparations prepared extemporaneously in a pharmacy within 12 months (July 2002 through June 2003). The set under study comprised 5260 preparations. Preparations for external use represented 92.3%, the largest share being liquida ad usum dermicum (38.5%). The ratio of men and women was 45 to 55%, patients older than 18 years represented 64.6%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Opinions of physicians and pharmacists on problems with drugs].

The paper analyzes the opinions of physicians and pharmacists on selected problems of drugs in the Czech Republic and confronts their attitudes with those of physicians and pharmacists in the Slovak Republic. Of 525 distributed questionnaires, 424 (80.8%) were returned and 419 were processed. The questionnaire aimed to evaluate drug consumption, assortment of drugs (EPMP, OTC), financial contribution of patients to the cost of drugs, and cooperation between the physician and pharmacist.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

[The beginnings of electrocardiography at the Prague Medical School].

The authors describe the beginnings of development of electrocardiography at the Prague Medical Faculty of Charles-Ferdinand and Charles University resp. The first results of the new method came from the physiological laboratory of Ewald Karl Konstantin Hering (1834-1918), who contributed to electrocardiography by explaining the mechanism of atrial fibrillation and to Richard Hans Kahn (1876-1941) who was the first to publish electrocardiographic changes after temporary block of coronary artery blood flow in the dog. Clinical application and the promotion of electrocardiography in this country is among others in particular from Václav Libenský (1877-1938), Klement Weber (1890-1971) and Frantisek Herles (1900-1991) whose name became for half a century the synonym for electrocardiography.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2001

[Orphan drugs].

The paper discusses the problems of orphan drugs from the standpoint of the attitude of state authorities in the USA, Japan, and particularly Europe (the European Union) to their definition and the formation of appropriate legislation--financial provision for the development, production, provision of exclusive sale rights--which warranties the availability of the drug to every patient suffering from a rare disease.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2001

[Opinions and attitudes of patients visiting pharmacies].

The paper is devoted to the problems concerning the opinions and attitudes of customers of pharmacies, i.e. their opinions on and attitudes to the question of information needs and satisfaction with information and services provided in pharmacies in the Czech Republic. The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey answering the following questions: why the respondents come to pharmacies and what the reason of the present visit is, whom they prefer as the dispenser of the drug and why, how often they went to a pharmacy in the recent period, from where they get information concerning drugs, whether it is advantageous for them to obtain information in a pharmacy and what information they received during the present visit, who provided the information or advice, how many pieces of information they got and how they are satisfied with them, whether they required information in a pharmacy, or whether they came to a pharmacy for this purpose, why the respondents have purposefully selected a particular pharmacy, whether they take drugs daily and which ones, what their opinion on the amount the supplementary payment is, what OTC drugs they buy, what drugs they prefer, whether they concentrate on a certain preparation, or possibly which one, what is their opinion about the scale of the assortment of OTC drugs, whether they use homeopathic medicines, and what they miss in pharmacies.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Unused drugs returned to pharmacies. I].

Drugs that have not been administered and have been stockpiled in households represent a medical, professional, and ecological problem. The present paper analyses and evaluates these drugs from qualitative, quantitative, and financial aspects. The material under study consisted of drugs returned to one pharmacy within a period of 1.5 months (April-May) in the year 1999. Out of set I (1,091 packages), 721 packages (66.1%) were used and 370 (33.9%) packages were original, i.e. unused. The expiration period was over in 78.3%, 16.8% could still be used, and in 4.9% it was impossible to determine their expiration period. The value of the returned drugs was 76,000 Czech crowns.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2001

[Unused drugs returned to pharmacies. II].

The problems related to unused drugs kept in households and returned to pharmacies have been investigated from various viewpoints. After an analysis of preparations which had both the primary and secondary container, or only the primary one (set I), sets II (free blisters and strips), III (free solid dosage forms which occurred singly) IV (extemporaneously prepared medicinal preparations), and V (health service appliances) were analyzed. Out of set II (1,233 blisters), 274 (22.2%) were used and 959 (77.8%) were still complete, unused. The expiration period was over in 66.1% of blisters, 29.8% was still usable, and in 4.1% of blisters the expiration period could not be determined. The value of returned drugs was 185,287 Czech crowns, after conversion it was 61,762 Czech crowns.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2000

[Correct pharmacotherapy].

The developments in the pharmaceutical profession have been changing the importance and share of the individual professional activities in it. The work with the pieces of information and with the patient, and advisory and consulting activities, which take place in monitoring pharmacotherapy, have become dominant. In this connection the paper elucidates the individual attributes of the concept of good drug therapy, the concept of good prescribing, various forms of the attitudes and behaviour of the patient in relationship to therapy, and the problems of medication errors.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1999

Cytokinins in tobacco and wheat chloroplasts. Occurrence and changes due to light/dark treatment.

Although cytokinins (CKs) affect a number of processes connected with chloroplasts, it has never been rigorously proven that chloroplasts contain CKs. We isolated intact chloroplasts from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv SR1) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Ritmo) leaves and determined their CKs by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. Chloroplasts from both species contained a whole spectrum of CKs, including free bases (zeatin and isopentenyladenine), ribosides (zeatin riboside, and isopentenyladenosine), ribotides (isopentenyladenosine-5'-monophosphate, zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate, and dihydrozeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate), and N-glucosides (zeatin-N(9)-glucoside, dihydrozeatin-N(9)-glucoside, zeatin-N(7)-glucoside, and isopentenyladenine-N-glucosides). In chloroplasts there was a moderately higher relative amount of bases, ribosides, and ribotides than in leaves, and a significantly increased level of N(9)-glucosides of zeatin and dihydrozeatin. Tobacco and wheat chloroplasts were prepared from leaves at the end of either a dark or light period. After a dark period, chloroplasts accumulated more CKs than after a light period. The differences were moderate for free bases and ribosides, but highly significant for glucosides. Tobacco chloroplasts from dark-treated leaves contained zeatin riboside-O-glucoside and dihydrozeatin riboside-O-glucoside, as well as a relatively high CK oxidase activity. These data show that chloroplasts contain a whole spectrum of CKs and the enzymatic activity necessary for their metabolism.

Chlorophyll↗
PubMed1999

Time course of endothelin-1 plasma level in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

An elevated plasma level of endothelin-1 was reported in several cardiovascular conditions including unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The present study was designed to evaluate the time course of the endothelin-1 release in unstable angina pectoris and to assess its relationship to the development of myocardial infarction and coronary vessel occlusion. The cohort studied included 32 patients with the clinical diagnosis of unstable angina pectoris who had been admitted to the coronary care unit and subsequently underwent coronary angiography (group A). Fourteen patients with chronic stable angina pectoris referred to routine diagnostic coronary angiography served as the control group (group B). A significant difference in the endothelin-1 plasma level was found between both groups, the values being 10.2 +/- 5.3 and 6.0 +/- 3.1 pg/ml (p < 0.01), respectively. There were, however, no significant differences between the following subdivisions of group A: patients with and without subsequent myocardial infarction; those with angiographically documented occlusion of at least one major branch of the coronary artery and no occlusion; and finally, those with persisting symptoms of angina pectoris and with favorable response to treatment. Neither was there any difference found among the subgroups differing in the time interval between the onset of chest pain and blood sampling. The time course of endothelin plasma concentrations showed elevated values lasting for more than 96 h after the index episode of prolonged chest pain. No correlation with the subsequent clinical course could be inferred. Thus, plasma endothelin level was elevated in patients with unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction and the increase persisted for several days after the onset of symptoms.

Adult↗