Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Kobayashi.
Trichothecin, a toxic metabolite of Trichothecium roseum, was detected in 3 of 13 wheat samples examined at levels of 560, 290, and 270 ng/g. In addition, all the T. roseum isolates from the wheat produced the toxin on wheat.
Age-related changes in right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular myocardium in tetralogy of Fallot (TF) are analyzed with regard to pre- and postoperative ventricular function. In RV, preoperative function was better in patients under 4 years of age in terms of ejection fraction and compliance, but no significant change was seen in LV function. Postoperatively, patients who underwent corrective surgery at age less than 4 years showed no significant difference compared to those at operative age above 4 years in terms of RV and LV functions at rest. However, stress tests for RV by isoproterenol and LV using methoxamine revealed some masked ventricular dysfunction in both ventricles in the older groups. The relationships between these functional abnormalities and previously described histological changes of right and left ventricular myocardium in TF are discussed.
Geographutoxin II (GTX II, 3 X 10(-9) to 10(-7) M) from a cone shell Conus geographus inhibited twitch responses of the isolated mouse diaphragm to direct stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. The contraction of the diaphragm induced by grayanotoxin I or veratridine was abolished by GTX II (3 X 10(-7) M), whereas the contractile response to KCI or caffeine was not affected. GTX II induced similar effects on isolated bullfrog sartorius muscles, but required higher concentrations (6 X 10(-7) to 3 X 10(-6) M). GTX II (greater than 10(-6) M) inhibited or abolished the action potential evoked in sartorius muscles markedly. In the isolated guinea pig vas deferens and ileum, GTX II caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the twitch responses to indirect nerve stimulation at concentrations of 3 X 10(-8) to 10(-6) M and 10(-7) to 10(-6) M, respectively. But the toxin had no effect on the dose contractile-response curves for norepinephrine, carbamylcholine or KCI in the vas deferens and for carbamylcholine or histamine in the ileum. GTX II (5 X 10(-8) to 10(-6) M) decreased norepinephrine release induced by veratridine from the vas deferens in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that GTX II blocks the voltage-sensitive Na channels in the cell membrane of skeletal muscles and autonomic nerves and these may play an important role in the mechanism of inhibitory effects of GTX II on contractile responses of these tissues to electrical stimulation.
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To clarify not only the releasing function but the self-priming effect of gonadotropins in the anterior pituitary gland, two step administration of 100 micro-grams of synthetic LH-RH at a 60 minute interval (LH-RH two step test) was investigated in 19 women with luteal insufficiency, 7 women in puerperium (3rd-10th postpartum) and 6 women immediately after first ovulation following spontaneous abortion (pregnancy 5-7 weeks). In the luteal phase, blood samples were drawn at 0', 30', 60', 90', 120' and 180' after first LH-RH stimulation for measurement of serum LH and FSH by radioimmunoassays. delta 1 standing for hormone release = 1st peak level -0' level. delta 2 standing for selriming effect = 2nd peak level -60' level. delta 1 delta 2 ratio = delta 2/delta 1. In the luteal insufficiency group, delta 1 was significantly higher and delta 1 delta 2 ratio was lower than those in the control group. In the puerperium group, delta 1 and delta 2 responses were not detected, suggesting marked depression of the pituitary function by pregnancy. In the aborted group delta 1 and delta 2 were similar to those in the control group, indicating rapid recovery of the pituitary function. This study demonstrated that the LH-RH two step test was useful in evaluating luteal function by measuring gonadotropins.
An asymptomatic 84-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a further examination of an abnormal shadow in the right lower lung (S9) on chest X-ray film. Sputum and specimens of transbronchial brushing showed cytological characteristics of well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Considering his age, his family did not agree to any surgical operation, irradiation or intensive chemotherapy. Therefore, using PSK: 3.0 g/day, immunotherapy was started on October 26, 1984. However, the abnormal density continued to increase in size and was observed radiographically to infiltrate to the neighboring segment (S6) over the following four months. From March 1985, the tumor regressed gradually and had almost disappeared on chest X-ray films by December 1985. Since then, this remission has been maintained by administration of PSK alone (3.0 g/day).
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An active component (MAC) of Conus magus venom has been purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies, monitored by cardiotonic activity in the guinea-pig isolated left atria. MAC was estimated to be a protein of mol. wt between 45,000 and 65,000 by gel filtration and protease experiments. The purified protein at concentrations above 10(-7) g/ml elicited powerful rhythmic contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens, rhythmic transient contractions of the ileum followed by relaxations, and a marked increase in the contractile force of the left atria. These responses to the toxin were abolished by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that the action of MAC on the ileum and vas deferens may be mediated via nerves. It is also suggested that the major mechanism of action is due to activation of Na channels on the cell membrane.
Embryos of the Wistar strain and its F(1) cross (Wistar females mated with Brown Norway males) of rats were transferred nonsurgically to 48 Wistar, 17 F(1) cross and 20 Wistar-Imamichi recipients. The two types of embryos were transferred together to each recipient to compare the viability of the embryos. Pregnancy rate was 78.8% (67 85 ). The survival rate of fetuses to term was 11.5% (20 174 ) and 25.1% (42 168 ) for the Wistar and F(1) embryos, respectively. Placental weight differed significantly (P<0.05) between embryo types and among recipient types while fetus weight differed (P<0.01) only among recipient types, with a significant interaction between recipient and embryo types (P<0.01). It was concluded that the F(1) embryos (Wistar x Brown Norway) were twice as viable as Wistar embryos under the conditions provided.
Nine consecutive patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary atresia associated with large aortopulmonary collateral arteries underwent primary repair with simultaneous ligation of these collateral arteries. The patients ranged from 1 year to 20 years old (average, 8.0 years). The average number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries was 1.9 per patient. Arborization abnormality was found in 5 patients. The aortopulmonary collateral arteries were reached solely through a median sternotomy, with dissection of the posterior pericardium or anterior mediastinal pleura before or after the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The immediate postoperative peak pressure ratio between the right and left ventricles was higher in patients with an arborization abnormality, but all ratios ranged from 0.60 to 0.87. There was 1 operative death. Postoperative transcatheter embolization for a residual large aortopulmonary collateral artery was required in 1 patient and pulmonary infarction of mild degree developed with spontaneous recovery in another. These results indicate the usefulness and safety of simultaneous ligation of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries through median sternotomy, even with an associated arborization abnormality.
Bile duct necrosis because of transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (THAE) in two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is reported. Preoperative THAE was performed on 29 patients, and bile duct necrosis was experienced by two of the 29 (7%). In these two patients, gelatin (Gelfoam) powder was used as the embolus. Among the 24 whose embolus was clear, four were embolized with gelatin powder. Therefore, incidence of bile duct necrosis after THAE with gelatin powder was 50%. Because of the hazards of severe complications such as bile duct necrosis, we conclude that gelatin powder should not be used except for the THAE of no more than one segment of the liver.
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Changes of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total-bilirubin (T-Bil) and alkaline-phosphatase (AL-P) before operation and for one week of the postoperative period were studied in 45 patients (32 cirrhotic, 13 non-cirrhotic patients) who underwent hepatectomy with the hemihepatic vascular occlusion technique, and compared with 108 patients (42 cirrhotic, 66 non-cirrhotic patients) without it. The blood loss during hepatectomy with hemihepatic vascular occlusion markedly decreased 1500 ml on the average, compared with non-occluded patients. Serum GPT, GOT and LDH level elevated in several postoperative days, however, there was no difference between both groups. Serum total bilirubin level of patients without hemihepatic vascular occlusion elevated more than those with it. This difference was statistically significant. This tendency was more evident in the patients with cirrhosis. Serum AL-P level of patients without hemihepatic vascular occlusion decreased statistically less than those with it. This tendency was more prominent in patients with cirrhosis. With these results, there was no evidence of augmenting the postoperative liver damage by hemihepatic vascular occlusion, even in the patient with cirrhosis. Moreover, the elevation of postoperative serum total bilirubin level was suppressed by hemihepatic vascular occlusion because of the minimum blood loss and minimum blood transfusion.
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