[Hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency, hepatic lipase deficiency].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Kobayashi
Publications and source records attributed to J Kobayashi.
Electrophysiological study of myoclonus in pediatric practice.
Myoclonus can be caused from a variety of central nervous system disorders. With regard to its pathophysiology, much work has been done in adult patients, but reports from pediatric clinics are scarce. We describe the clinical and electrophysiological features of four different types of myoclonus in children using back averaging technique. In a patient with cortical reflex myoclonus, myoclonic jerks were induced in the distal right arm by taps on the ipsilateral fingers. Myoclonus was preceded by the cortical spike which was localized posterior to the central sulcus contralateral to the myoclonus, and the cortical spike was time-locked to the myoclonus. In a patient with subcortico-cortical myoclonus, myoclonus occurred as a focal motor seizure. Myoclonic jerks were preceded by generalized cortical waves which were of maximal amplitude over the cortex contralateral to the myoclonus, and cortical waves time-locked to the myoclonus. A patient with spinal myoclonus had rhythmical and segmental myoclonus. Myoclonus was induced in both arms after electrical stimulation at the wrist with a latency which was slightly longer than that of the F wave. In a patient with brainstem myoclonus, muscle activity was bilaterally synchronous and was predominant in the proximal flexors. The pattern of muscle recruitment suggested that the myoclonus signal travelled downward along the spinal cord and upward through the brainstem. The back averaging technique is essential in the differential diagnosis of myoclonus.
Adolescent↗
[Surgical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis].
From April 1993 to May 1997, 21 patients underwent surgical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). There were 13 males and eight females aged from 46 to 79 years old (mean 62 years). There were four cases of early PVE (onset of PVE within 60 days from previous valve replacement), and 17 cases of late PVE (after 60 days). The predominant organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (eight cases), Staphylococcus aureus (two cases), MRSA (one case), streptococcal species (three cases), Candida (two cases), Pseudomonas cepacia (one case) and Enterococcus (one case). The predominant organisms were identified in 16 of 20 cases by preoperative blood culture, and in 11 of 20 cases by intraoperative tissue culture, and in 19 cases in all. There were four cases of preoperative cerebral complications, and three cases resurged. The hospital mortality rate was 24% (five patients). Reoperation was required in four patients for recurrence of PVE. Autopsy was performed in four of five patients. Intramyocardial abscess was detected in three patients. Earlier diagnosis and earlier surgical treatment could prevent emboli due to vegetations, which might cause catastrophic results, and could achieve better outcomes. Identification of the predominant organisms, especially from operative tissue cultures, is required.
Aged↗
[Hemodynamic effects of amrinone or milrinone in infant after right heart bypass operation].
After right heart bypass operation, dopamine was continuously infused at 5 micrograms/kg/min. The patients had a stable hemodynamic status but relatively low SvO2, low urine output and peripheral insufficiency. Amrinone was continuously infused at 10 micrograms/kg/min in 5 patients (Group A), or milrinone was continuously infused at 0.5 microgram/kg/min in 5 patients (Group M). After infusion of amrinone or milrinone, arterial blood pressure relatively decreased and heart rate relatively increased. But heart work index did not increased. SvO2 relatively increased. Mean pulmonary artery pressure relatively decreased. The administration of amrinone (Group A) produced relatively thrombocytopenia compared with milrinone (Group M). Two patients had supraventricular arrhythmia in Group A. A patient had ventricular arrhythmia and another patient supraventicular arrhythmia. These patients treated using temporary antiarrhythmia drug or temporary pacing. When the patients discharged, they recovered the normal sinus rhythm. In conclusion, after right heart bypass operation in infants, infusion of amrinone or milrinone appears to be effective and safe combining with dopamine.
Amrinone↗
[Effect of Lazaroid U-74389G on ischemic reperfusion injury of the lung].
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Animals↗
Current status of malaria infection in a southeastern province of Lao PDR.
In Khammouane, a southeastern province in Lao PDR, active case detection (ACD) surveys for malaria infection on the villagers in three villages were conducted four times from December, 1995 to August, 1996. The malaria infection was demonstrated in 5.3-10.5% of the villagers throughout the year in 2 villages located in mountainous forest, but the infection was rarely observed in the other village located in the plain along the Mekong River, in which only 4 malaria cases were detected in August, 1996. Although the positive rate of malaria parasites among the villagers was not so significantly different in the rainy season compared with the dry season, the intensity of infections (ie parasitemia) was significantly higher in the rainy season. More than 90% of the positive villagers were children under 15 years old. Most infections were due to Plasmodium falciparum.
Adolescent↗
Evidence for the involvement of Na+-K+ pump and K+ conductance in the post-tetanic hyperpolarization of the tetrodotoxin-resistant C-fibers in the isolated bullfrog sciatic nerve.
The post-tetanic hyperpolarizations (PTHPs) were recorded from the isolated bullfrog sciatic nerves using a modified vaseline gap method. Repetitive stimulation of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) C-fibers produced frequency- and activity-dependent PTHPs. The ouabain solutions (0.1 mM), the solutions (0.1 mM ouabain + 2 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA)) and 5 mM TEA solutions reduced the PTHP amplitude to 56.2 +/- 10.7% (mean +/- SD, n = 9), to 37.0 +/- 12.3% (n = 8), to 76.0 +/- 10.9% (n = 5) of the control value, respectively. Each pair of the three solutions revealed a significant difference in their effects on the PTHP (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Li-Ringer solutions and the solutions (Li-Ringer + 2 mM TEA) reduced the PTHP amplitude as well, thus resembling ouabain effects. These results strongly suggest that the repetitive stimulation of TTX-R C-fibers activates the membrane Na+-K+ pump resulting in a major part of the PTHP and induces TEA-sensitive K+ conductance composing a minor part of the PTHP, which might modulate repetitive firing of TTX-R C-fibers.
Action Potentials↗
Analysis of creatinine, vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and uric acid in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
A simultaneous determination of vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, creatinine and uric acid using capillary electrophoresis was investigated. The optimum conditions of buffer concentration, pH and surfactant concentration were studied, and high resolution was obtained using a 30 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 150 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The detection was by UV absorbance at 245 nm and the column was a fused-silica capillary of 67 cm x 75 microm I.D.. The determination of these metabolites in human urine was completed within 15 min without any interferences.
Buffers↗
An assay method for nitric oxide-related compounds in whole blood.
Recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) generated in vivo will be converted into the forms of nitrite/nitrate, nitrosyl hemoproteins, nitrosyl metal complexes, and S-nitroso-compounds in the circulation. Nitrosothiols have also been reported to be relatively stable metabolites with micromolar levels in plasma. We hypothesized, therefore, that the determinations of all the NO-related compounds in blood would be of diagnostic significance. The assay method described here consists of the thermolysis of all the NO-related compounds in whole blood and the detection of resulting nitrate by fluorometry or chemiluminescence after an enzymatic reduction. S-Nitroso-albumin and nitrosyl hemoglobin can be easily thermolysed to nitrate, and relatively stable S-nitroso-glutathione is also degraded to nitrate in the presence of blood constituents with high molecular mass (above 30 kDa). Concentrations of NO-related compounds in blood from healthy human as well as control or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rats were determined. We found that membrane-bound NO which showed the augmented levels under the pathophysiological states could also be detected. Together with electron spin resonance spectra, our data indicate that the fraction of NO diffused and metabolized within red cells and the other NO-metabolites in plasma such as nitrite/nitrate and S-nitroso-compounds, both of which can reflect NO-production in vivo, would be recovered and detected quantitatively by this method.
Animals↗
The effect of duration of muscle denervation on functional recovery in the rat model.
The effect of long-term denervation on neuromuscular recovery was studied in a rat hind limb model. The posterior tibial nerve was transected and repaired immediately or after denervation periods of 2 weeks, or 1, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months. Six months following reconstruction excellent axonal regeneration was seen across all nerve repairs irrespective of periods of denervation. However, there was a precipitous and profound decrease in the recovery of both muscle mass and integrated motor function if the reconstruction was delayed for longer than 1 month. Rather than a progressive change proportional to the length of the denervation period, significant, more discrete changes occurred sometime after 1 month of denervation that precluded a full recovery of muscle mass. Integrated motor function quantified using walking track analysis was impaired even after immediate nerve repair.
Animals↗
Surgical management of Behçet's aortitis: a report of eight patients.
BACKGROUND: Behçet's aortitis is one of the most severe manifestations of Behçet's disease. However, there have been few reports of this rare entity. This article we describe our experience with surgical treatment of Behçet's aortitis in 8 patients. METHODS: From May 1978 to February 1995, we operated on 8 patients with Behçet's aortitis. All patients were followed up for a total of 54.4 patient-years (mean, 6.8 years). RESULTS: There were no operative deaths, but 1 patient died in the hospital of ventricular fibrillation. Another death occurred as a result of pseudoaneurysm rupture 10 months after operation. Fourteen operations were performed on eight patients: a second operation was performed on four patients, and a third operation was performed on two patients. The translocated Bentall procedure, a modified Bentall procedure, was performed six times. One patient required a second operation for graft detachment, but the others have done well without further surgical intervention. Aortic valve replacement was performed six times, and three reoperations were needed after aortic valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: The translocated Bentall procedure may be effective for Behçet's aortitis, but further investigation is necessary.
Adult↗
Lay-open pulmonary arterioplasty for postoperative hilar pulmonary artery stenosis.
OBJECTIVE: Lay-open pulmonary arterioplasty, a novel surgical technique to enlarge postoperative stenosis at the hilar pulmonary artery, was evaluated. METHODS: Lay-open arterioplasty, in which the enlarged hilar stenotic pulmonary artery is partially made up of previous surgical scar tissue instead of being covered by a patch, was performed on 10 patients whose ages ranged from 2.2 to 15.7 years. Surgical results were assessed by angiography. RESULTS: All patients tolerated the procedure without bleeding or embolic complications associated with pulmonary arterioplasty. Nine patients underwent concomitant procedures including total repair (n = 5), central interposing shunt (n = 3), and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (n = 1). No deaths or life-threatening events occurred during the total follow-up period of 18 patient-years. The stenotic segment was significantly enlarged from the preoperative diameter of 0.9 +/- 1.1 mm (mean +/- standard deviation) to the postoperative diameter of 8.0 +/- 1.3 mm, values which correspond to 7.0% +/- 8.8% and 68.4% +/- 11.5% of the normative values, respectively. A follow-up angiogram (n = 5) revealed an increase in the pulmonary artery diameter balanced with somatic growth (initial value, 65.2% +/- 9.0% of normal; second value, 69.1% +/- 7.7% of normal). No aneurysms or clinically significant restenoses were seen on the angiograms. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial midterm results with this method were promising. The pulmonary arteries subjected to this procedure grew in proportion to somatic growth.
Angioplasty↗
Superior approach to the left main coronary artery for surgical angioplasty.
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Aged↗
Effects of cAMP-phosphodiesterase isozyme inhibitor on cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
1. The effects of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozyme inhibitors on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukins 1 beta 8 (IL-1 beta and IL-8) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were evaluated. In addition, we investigated the effects of dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist on the production of these cytokines. 2. Type IV PDE inhibitors were more effective at inhibiting the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by LPS-stimulated PBMC than a nonselective, type III or type III/IV inhibitor. In contrast, these agents had no effect on IL-8 production. 3. Increasing concentrations of dbcAMP progressively reduced the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta but not IL-8. 4. The addition of beta-agonist increased the inhibitory effect of PDE inhibitors tested on the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. 5. Type IV PDE inhibitors could be potent pharmacological agents for the treatment of diseases in which TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta are important etiological factors.
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with abnormal single photon emission computed tomography imaging.
The single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings in 2 patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) who had similar symptoms in the acute stage of the disease are described. In 1 patient with encephalitis, SPECT showed increased blood flow in most of the cerebellum; the highest accumulation of the radiotracer was found in the cerebellar vermis and neighboring structures. These changes disappeared with clinical improvement. In the other patient with chronic OMS, SPECT demonstrated hypoperfusion in most of the cerebellum. Our results suggest that the cerebellum, particularly its middle portion, is involved in the generation of OMS. SPECt is a useful method that enables us to detect in vivo functional impairment in patients with OMS.
Female↗
Experimental approaches for the treatment of murine B16 melanomas of various sizes. I: Local injection of ethanol with a combination of interleukin-2 or microwaval hyperthermia for B16 melanomas with a size of less than 7 mm in diameter.
The effects of local absolute ethanol injection combined with administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or microwaval hyperthermia in murine B16 melanomas with a size of approximately 7 mm in diameter were investigated. The groups of melanoma-burdened mice treated with both local ethanol injection and local or intra-abdominal administration of IL-2 showed clear suppression of any recurrence of melanoma once the melanomas had been destroyed by ethanol injection and a concomitant prolongation of the survival times. Also, local injection of ethanol in combination with local microwaval hyperthermia at 43 degrees C for 15 min twice a week caused complete cures in B16 melanomas with a size of less than 7 mm in diameter. The infiltrations of T lymphocytes and NK cells were augmented in the melanomas treated with ethanol injection and local injection of IL-2. However, the melanomas treated with ethanol injection and intra-abdominal injection of IL-2 hardly showed any infiltration of such immune cells, although the growth of melanomas was effectively suppressed. In the case of treatment with ethanol and hyperthermia, slight infiltration of NK cells was observed in the melanoma nests as well as in the interstitials. Thus, the direct injection of absolute ethanol in combination with IL-2 or microwaval hyperthermia is effective or even curative in the treatment of murine B16 melanomas with a size of less than 7 mm in diameter.
Animals↗
Experimental approaches for the treatment of murine B16 melanomas of various sizes. II: Injection of ethanol with combinations of beta-interferon and microwaval hyperthermia for B16 melanomas with a size of greater than 10 mm in diameter.
Although ethanol injection in combination with microwaval hyperthermia and systemic administration of interleukin-2 was found to be very effective in suppressing the growth of B16 melanoma nodules with a size of less than 7 mm in diameter in our previous experiments, the growth of B16 melanomas with a size of greater than 10 mm in diameter was very difficult to control with any of the therapeutic modalities examined. In subsequent experiments, we investigated whether ethanol injection (150 microliters/injection) in combination with local injection of beta-interferon (2 x 10(4) IU/injection) and local microwaval hyperthermia at 43 degrees C for 15 min was able to suppress the growth of melanoma nodules and to prolong survival times of melanoma-burdened mice. The results were that we successfully suppressed the growth of melanoma nodules of that size for the first time with combinations of the therapeutic modalities described above. Infiltration of immunocompetent cells such as T lymphocytes and NK cells was clearly observed in the melanoma tissues treated with the therapeutic combination. These experimental results should be applied to the treatment of human melanomas in advanced stages which have no indications for surgical operation.
Animals↗
Brasilidine A, a new cytotoxic isonitrile-containing indole alkaloid from the actinomycete Nocardia brasiliensis.
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Alkaloids↗