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Biomedical subjects

J Klinger

Publications and source records attributed to J Klinger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Collagenous sprue. Clinical case].

A 47 years old female, treated in 1984 for a non Hodgkin lymphoma, presented in 1993 with diarrhea with features of steatorrhea. The initial assessment concluded that the patient had a gluten induced enteropathy and she had a good clinical response to a gluten free diet. In 1996, while still on gluten free diet, steatorrhea appeared. A new intestinal biopsy showed sub epithelial collagen deposition. After an empiric treatment with prednisone and sulphasalazine, steatorrhea abated but subepithelial collagen deposition persisted in intestinal biopsies.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1997

Exaggerated pulmonary hypertension with monocrotaline in rats susceptible to chronic mountain sickness.

Hilltop (H) strain Sprague-Dawley rats are more susceptible to chronic mountain sickness than are the Madison (M) strain rats. It is unclear what role pulmonary vascular remodeling, polycythemia, and hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction play in mediating the more severe pulmonary hypertension that develops in the H rats during chronic hypoxia. It is also unclear whether the increased sensitivity of the H rats to chronic mountain sickness is specific for a hypoxia effect or, instead, reflects a general propensity toward the development of pulmonary hypertension. Monocrotaline (MCT) causes pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesized that the difference in the pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia between H and M rats reflects an increased sensitivity of the H rats to any pulmonary hypertensive stimuli. Consequently, we expected the two strains to also differ in their susceptibility to MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary arterial pressures in conscious H and M rats were measured 3 wk after a single dose of MCT, exposure to a simulated high altitude of 18,000 ft (barometric pressure = 380 mmHg), and administration of a single dose of saline as a placebo. The H rats had significantly higher pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular weights after MCT and chronic hypoxia than did the M rats. The H rats also had more pulmonary vascular remodeling, i.e., greater wall thickness as a percentage of vessel diameter, after MCT and chronic hypoxia than did the M rats. The H rats had significantly lower arterial PO2 than did the M rats after MCT, but the degree of hypoxemia was mild [arterial PO2 of 72.5 +/- 0.8 (SE) Torr for H rats vs. 77.4 +/- 0.8 Torr for M rats after MCT]. The H rats had lower arterial PCO2 and larger minute ventilation values than did the M rats after MCT. These ventilatory differences suggest that MCT caused more severe pulmonary vascular damage in the H rats than in the M rats. These data support the hypothesis that the H rats have a general propensity to develop pulmonary hypertension and suggest that differences in pulmonary vascular remodeling account for the increased susceptibility of H rats, compared with M rats, to both MCT and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Altitude↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning of the human immunodeficiency virus subtype 2 strain HIV-2UC2.

An infectious molecular clone was derived from the HIV-2UC2 isolate that previously was found to persistently infect and induce an AIDS-like disease syndrome in baboons. The molecularly cloned virus (HIV-2UC2mc) showed in vitro properties similar to those of the parental isolate with regard to T-cell tropism, cytopathicity, and the ability to infect primary baboon PBMC. Nevertheless, when inoculated into two baboons, the cloned virus showed a limited ability to replicate in these animals. DNA sequence analysis revealed a defective vpr gene in the UC2mc as well as in the pathogenic parental UC2 strain. Thus, the vpr gene is not required for the induction of disease in baboons. The attenuated infectious molecular clone of UC2 should be useful for future studies designed to map the genetic determinants of HIV-2 pathogenesis in the baboon model and to evaluate vaccine strategies.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Investigation of the efficacy of oxerutins compared to placebo in patients with chronic venous insufficiency treated with compression stockings.

The aim of this study was to investigate, if the the combined treatment of compression stockings and drug treatment with oxerutins (O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides, Venoruton) provides additional benefit for patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) compared to compression treatment alone. Oxerutins belong to the group of oedema protective agents and possess anti-exudative and membrane protective activity. A total of 133 female patients with CVI grade II participated in this double-blind, randomised, multi-centre, parallel-group study with two treatment groups. The whole study lasted for 19 weeks, and consisted of a one week placebo run-in phase, 12 weeks treatment phase, followed by a 6 weeks treatment-free follow-up period. All patients received a basis compression therapy that consisted of standard compression stockings. In order to standardise initial fitting of stockings in this multi-centre setting, stockings were fitted after one week of standard diuretics starting at baseline and then stockings were worn for the following 11 weeks. Patients were randomised to receive oxerutins (2 x 500 mg daily) or matching placebo. Leg volumes (water displacement) and associated subjective symptoms (visula analogue scale) were measured during a placebo run-in period at enrolment (week - 1) and half a week later (week - 1/2), at baseline week 0), at 4, 8, 12 weeks on treatment, and again after a 3- and 6-weeks treatment-free follow-up. The primary efficacy criterion, the area under the baseline from week 0 to week 18 (AUB0-18) of leg volume changes, as measurement of the global change of leg oedema during the study, resulted in a superior reduction of -5589 ml.d for the combined treatment with oxerutins compared to -2101 ml.d for placebo (p = 0.012). The mean change of leg volume compared to baseline after 12 weeks of treatment was -63.9 ml for stockings and oxerutins, and -32.9 ml for the patients who received stockings and placebo (p < 0.05). Oxerutins showed a prolonged effect in the follow-up phase compared to placebo, with mean AUB values for week 12 to week 18 of -1769 ml.d versus -133 ml.d (p < 0.01). The study demonstrated that the combined therapy of compression stockings and drug treatment with oxerutins is significantly superior in reducing leg oedema resulting from chronic venous insufficiency compared to compression treatment alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Distribution and abundance of neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) in the alimentary tract of the rat.

The distribution of neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11) was examined in the alimentary tract of the rat. Immunoreactive NEP and NEP mRNA were localized to epithelial cells of the small intestine and to muscle cells in the stomach, small intestine, and colon by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. NEP antisera recognized a protein on Western blots of membranes from gastric, jejunal, and colonic mucosa and gastric muscle with an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of recombinant human NEP (approximately 95 kDa). An antisense cRNA probe to NEP hybridized to RNA of approximately 3.5 kb and approximately 6.5 kb, corresponding to the primary transcripts of rat NEP, on Northern blots of total RNA from the jejunal mucosa. NEP message was detected in mRNA from jejunal and colonic mucosa and gastric, jejunal, and colonic muscle using a ribonuclease protection assay. NEP enzymatic activity, assessed by DL-thiorphan-inhibitable degradation of glutaryl-Ala-Ala-Phe-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine, was highest in homogenates of jejunal mucosa (868 +/- 98 pmol.h-1 x micrograms protein-1) and was between 49- and 413-fold lower in other gastrointestinal tissues. The cellular origin of NEP in the gastric and colonic mucosa could not be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of gastric ulcer with sucralfate and famotidine].

We conducted a double blind random study on 79 patients with gastric ulcer: 39 received sucralfate, 1 g 4 times a day (Group 1) and 40 received a single evening dose of famotidine, 40 mg (Group 2). At 4 weeks, endoscopy revealed healing of the ulcer in 46% of patients in Group 1 and 40% in Group 2 (NS). At 8 weeks, corresponding figures were 90% and 75% (NS). All patients were able to complete treatment and minor side effects were reported from all patients, 36% with sucralfate and 28% with famotidine. Thus, sucralfate and famotidine are equally effective for therapy of gastric ulcer. The higher percentage of healing with sucralfate observed in this study was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Primary biliary cirrhosis. The clinical experience in 31 patients].

We analyzed 31 patients with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, 29 of them males, aged 23 to 72 years. Liver biopsy was diagnostic in all showing initial findings of the disease in 5. Echotomography and cholangiography demonstrated a patent biliary, tract. Anti-mitochondrial antibodies were present in 94% of patients. Alkaline phosphatase and biliary acid levels were useful for diagnosis. Pruritus was present with varying intensity in all patients, with premenstrual exacerbations in 5 females who had cholestasis of pregnancy or hepatitis caused by progestin drugs before developing cirrhosis. Recurrent urinary tract infection was present in 8 patients, osteoporosis in 24, Sjogren's syndrome in 24 and Crest syndrome in 4. Survival ranged from 1 to 12 years, death being caused by ruptured esophageal varices in 12 patients and by liver failure in 7. Persistence of pruritus and altered liver function tests after cholestasis of pregnancy or hepatitis caused by progestins should lead to investigation of biliary cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Campylobacter pylori in children and adults subjected to endoscopy, correlation of endoscopic, bacteriologic and histopathologic findings].

Campylobacter pylori has been associated to peptic ulcer and gastritis. We investigated the presence of C pylori in 17 children and 50 adults who needed endoscopy to investigate upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Gram stain, Whartin-Starry stain and the urease test were used to identify the germ; best results were obtained with the Gram stain. C pylori was present in 5.8% of children and 88% of adults, including all patients with peptic ulcer and 36 out of 39 with histologic evidence of gastritis. However, the germ was also found in 79% of patients with a normal mucosa. Our results suggest that C pylori is frequently present in gastric mucosa of children and adults with upper gastrointestinal problems. Further studies are needed to elucidate its possible pathogenic role in gastritis or peptic ulcer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Refraction and its components in Melanesian schoolchildren in Vanuatu.

Refraction and its components were measured on 788 Melanesian children and 39 children of other races, aged 6 through 19 years, in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. Of the 788 Melanesian children, 766 (97.2%) were found to have uncorrected visual acuity of 6/6 or better, and 763 (96.8%) were found to have a spherical equivalent refraction between -0.25 and +1.00 D. Only 23 (2.9%) Melanesian children were found to have myopia greater than 0.25 D, only 2 (0.3%) were found to have hyperopia greater than 1.00 D, and only 2 (0.3%) were found to have refractive astigmatism greater than 1.00 D. Mean corneal refracting power was greater for girls than for boys, at all ages, but did not appear to change in any regular manner with age. Mean axial length and mean vitreous length were greater for boys than for girls, at all ages, each increasing approximately 1.0 mm from age 6 and 7 years to age 18 and 19 years. Although the low prevalence of ametropia may be considered to be due mainly to genetic factors, the possibility of environmental factors cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunological capture of nucleic acid hybrids and application to nonradioactive DNA probe assay.

Antibodies specific for DNA:RNA hybrids were coated onto polystyrene test tubes and applied to hybridization assays involving DNA and RNA. Synthetic DNA probes complementary to 16S rRNA of Campylobacter were labeled with biotin and hybridized to ribosomal RNA directly in lysates of bacterial cells. After hybridization, DNA:RNA hybrids were captured with immobilized anti-DNA:RNA antibody, and the biotinylated probe was detected with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) conjugate. The assay was optimized to detect as few as 70,000 Campylobacter cells in a sample. We compared the utility of this hybridization assay with that of conventional microbiology methods by examination of 1448 stool samples from hospital clinical laboratories. The DNA hybridization assay had a sensitivity of 98.7% (75/76) and a specificity of 98.2% (1347/1372) and overall agreed with 98.2% of the conventional results for a test population that had a 5.2% incidence (76/1448) of Campylobacter infection. The assay is simple to perform and yields results within 2.5 h.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

[The bolus problem].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Reaction of antibody in sera from cystic fibrosis patients with non-toxic forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.

Sera from 48 cystic fibrosis patients from two hospitals were screened for antibody against rods, non-toxic macromolecular structures which share antigenic determinants with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay employing (125I)-staphylococcal protein A was used to detect anti-rod IgG. Antibodies recognizing rods, exotoxin A, or both antigens, were demonstrated using a competitive radioimmunoassay in cystic fibrosis patient sera, and in sera from animals immunized with exotoxin A, rods, or infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anti-rod titers of cystic fibrosis patients (1.07 to 14 X control serum levels) inversely correlated with aggregate clinical evaluation scores, and in most instances, with X-ray scores. Since rods are non-toxic and cross-reactive with exotoxin A, they may represent therapeutically useful antigens for producing immunity to exotoxin A.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗