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Biomedical subjects

J Kline

Publications and source records attributed to J Kline.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Fever during pregnancy and spontaneous abortion.

The hypothesis that maternal fever during pregnancy is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion was tested in a case-control study by comparing the frequencies and timing of fevers of 100 F (37.78 C) or more among three groups of women: women having euploid abortions, women having aneuploid abortions, and women delivering at 28 weeks gestation or later (controls). Cases and controls were identified in three New York City hospitals between August 1979 and June 1982. It was hypothesized that if fever was an antecedent, rather than a symptom of spontaneous abortion, an association would be detected with euploid but not with aneuploid abortions. Among public patients, reported fevers were significantly more frequent among euploid abortions than among controls (18% vs. 7.1%, odds ratio = 2.96), whereas reported fevers were not more frequent among aneuploid abortions (3.9% vs. 7.1%, odds ratio = 0.52). It was also postulated that variation in the strength of the association of fever with euploid abortion with the duration of the interval between the fever and the abortion might yield insight about mechanisms underlying an association. The odds ratios for fever occurring at three intervals--in the same calendar month as a euploid abortion, one month before, and two or more months before--were 6.04, 3.28, and 1.41, respectively. The findings for private patients--for whom a control group was not recruited--are compatible with those for public patients although not statistically significant: the odds of fever with euploid abortion were 2.18 times those with aneuploid abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

Maternal employment and the chromosomal characteristics of spontaneously aborted conceptions.

The employment histories of 1,252 women experiencing a spontaneous abortion and 2,126 controls were compared to examine the relation between maternal employment before and during pregnancy and karyotype of the spontaneously aborted conceptus. Among private patients, there was no evidence of a positive association of work only before pregnancy, only during pregnancy, or both before and during pregnancy (v no work) with either chromosomally normal or abnormal abortions. In contrast, among public patients the odds of working only during pregnancy or both before and during pregnancy were raised for chromosomally abnormal abortions (adjusted odds ratios = 3.11 and 1.86, respectively) and slightly raised for chromosomally normal abortions (adjusted odds ratios = 1.35 and 1.31, respectively). Among workers, the frequencies of work before pregnancy in specific employment circumstances were compared among karyotyped cases and controls. For two work locations--factory and hospital/nursing facility--the data were of sufficient size to suggest that associations of twofold or greater with most types of abortion are unlikely.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

Variability of bregma in 300 gram Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats.

Bregma is used as an anatomical reference point for most freehand and some stereotaxic injections into the rat brain. The variability of bregma with respect to the intraaural line has been examined previously for rats of a wide range of weights. We examined this variability in 282-326 gram male rats of the Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley strains. In both strains, mean bregma was less than that stated in a widely used stereotaxic atlas. Furthermore, the mean bregma of the Sprague-Dawley rats was significantly greater than that for the Long-Evans strain. The results suggest that bregma is inadequate as an anatomical reference for intraventricular injections in rats unless the volume injected is a substantial fraction of ventricular volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The relationship of maternal age and trisomy among trisomic spontaneous abortions.

The relationship between maternal age and trisomy was examined by comparing mean ages of 954 trisomic spontaneous abortions with those of live births ascertained at the same study center. The overall mean for trisomy was highly significantly elevated over that of the newborns. The age effect was most pronounced for trisomies involving the small chromosomes, with trisomies 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, and 22 all having significantly increased ages by comparison with the control population. However, the majority of trisomies involving large or medium-sized chromosomes also had elevated mean maternal ages, suggesting that most, if not all, human trisomies are associated with increasing age of the mother. Additional variation in the age effect was observed among trisomies involving similar-sized chromosomes, indicating that factors other than chromosome size also influence the relationship between increasing age and trisomy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1983

Maternal smoking and trisomy among spontaneously aborted conceptions.

In a study of spontaneous abortions, we found an apparently robust association of trisomy with smoking that varies with maternal age. Among women under age 30, smoking either before or at the time of conception is less common in women aborting trisomic conceptions than in controls delivering at 28 weeks or later. Among older women, smoking is more common in women aborting trisomic conceptions than in controls. Our results point to an effect of smoking on the frequency of trisomic abortions that varies with age, and they suggest that the causes of recognized trisomic abortions differ in younger and older women.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of various WISC-R summary scores for a psychiatric sample.

Compared two sets of summary scores for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The traditional scores used to summarize information about WISC-R performance (i.e., Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and discrepancy between VIQ and PIQ) were compared to scores based on the three factors identified by Kaufman (1975) (i.e., Verbal Comprehension (VC), Perceptual Organization (PO) and Freedom from Distractibility (FD). Ss were 260 psychiatric outpatients who were administered the WISC-R during a 4-year period. The independent variables were sex and DSM II diagnosis. There were significant main effects for diagnosis for the VC and FD scales. There was a significant interaction for VIQ and nonsignificant results for the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy score. The groups did not differ in perceptual organization skills as assessed by PO and PIQ. Delinquents performed particularly poorly on the VC scale; hyperactive children had the highest VC score and relatively low scores on the FD factor; learning disabled children had low VC and FD scores. These findings suggest that the scores based on Kaufman's factors provided important clinical summary information that was not available from the traditional scores.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1982

The development of a child assessment interview for research and clinical use.

The Child Assessment Schedule (CAS) was developed to address the need for a standardized child interview that could be used for research and clinical purposes. The CAS has several distinguishing characteristics: (1) Questions and responses are standardized, (2) the format was designed to enhance rapport with the child, and (3) information necessary for DSM III childhood diagnoses is explicitly solicited. The CAS was administered to 32 child outpatients, 18 inpatients, and 37 normal controls. Derived scores were obtained for total psychopathology, 11 content areas, and 9 symptom complexes. Interrater reliability for the total CAS score was quite high. The CAS was able to discriminate among the three groups in total score indicating degree of psychopathology, on 9 of the 11 content areas, and on 8 of the 9 symptom complexes. Significant correlations were found between the CAS and maternal report of child behavior and between the CAS and child self-report of internal affects. It was concluded that the CAS has adequate reliability and validity, although further research is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The extraneural distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate has been found to be widely distributed in both neural and extraneural tissues in the rat. The kidney and brown fat have more than 10 times higher concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate than does the brain. This observation suggests that gamma-hydroxybutyrate may participate in the metabolism of many organs, and that GABA may not be the precursor in extraneural tissues.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1981

Power considerations in studies of reproductive effects of vinyl chloride and some structural analogs.

We review the evidence examining the relation of reproductive function and exposure to vinyl chloride and selected structural analogs. Investigation of these compounds for possible reproductive effects has focused on paternal exposure, a much less well studied route than maternal exposure. Drawing on animal models, we discuss what is known about the possible reproductive consequences of exposure to the father as well as to the mother. In evaluating the studies of reproductive outcome in relation to vinyl chloride or analogs, we consider what biologic model may have been tested and whether there was statistical power to detect moderate increases in risk. Parameters influencing statistical power are reviewed, and recommended sample sizes are set out which would insure sufficient power, in future studies, to detect adverse effects.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiologic detection of low dose effects on the developing fetus.

Evaluations of the health effects of exposures in the workplace and environment have broadened to include effects on reproduction, as well as on the development of cancer. Models to assess risks associated with varying doses of exposure rest almost entirely on data about cancer. In this paper we discuss some distinctive features of reproduction which bear on the interpretation of such models, when applied to reproduction, rather than carcinogenesis. Dose-response curves describe the relationship between two exposures (smoking and alcohol drinking) and two outcomes (spontaneous abortion and birthweight) are used to illustrate some of the questions which arise in attempting to determine a "safe" level of exposure.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1980

Monosomy X: a chromosomal anomaly associated with young maternal age.

In spontaneous abortions, monosomy X is associated with young maternal age. The finding is not explained by low paternal age or by gravidity. The association may be intrinsic to pregnancies of young women or it may be due to experiences which are commoner in young women.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗