Biomedical subjects

J Klastersky

Publications and source records attributed to J Klastersky.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Empiric therapy for cancer patients: comparative study of ticarcillin-tobramycin, ticarcillin-cephalothin, and cephalothin-tobramycin.

Three combinations of antibiotics (cephalothin-tobramycin, cephalothin-ticarcillin, and ticarcillin-tobramycin) were administered empirically to 186 patients with cancer who were suspected of having a life-threatening infection. In approximately one-half of these patients, gram-negative infection was documented bacteriologically and consisted of septicemia in 50% of these patients. The three antimicrobial regimens were similarly effective and resulted in a favorable clinical response in approximately 55% of the patients. The administration of the cephalothin-tobramycin combination was associated with a significantly higher frequency of nephrotoxicity than that of the other two regimens.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1975

Comparison of sisomicin and gentamicin in bacteriuric patients with underlying diseases of the urinary tract.

Sisomicin and gentamicin (2 mg/kg) were administered in a random fashion to patients with bacteriuria superimposed on abnormalities of the urinary tract. Cure was achieved in a similar number of patients in both groups, but superinfection and reinfection with resistant microorganisms was more frequent in patients receiving gentamicin. Untoward side effects were not frequent in this series, especially if the serious underlying urological disease of most patients is taken into consideration. The susceptibility of the causative pathogens to the antibiotic administered and the severity of the underlying disease were the most important factors in the outcome.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1975

Endotracheal antibiotics for the prevention of tracheobronchial infections in tracheotomized unconscious patients. A comparative study of gentamicin and aminosidin-polymyxin B combination.

Endotracheal administration of gentamicin has been compared to the endotracheal administration of aminosidin plus polymyxin B as a preventive measure against tracheobronchial infections in 25 and 22 tracheotomized patients respectively who had been admitted to a neurosurgical unit. Both series were comparable as far as underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, surgical therapy. Both regimens were similarly effective from the bacteriologic and clinical points of view. Both regimens were similarly effective in preventing colonization of bronchial secretions by potential pathogens and were associated with a similar frequency of infectious episodes (eight in each group). The use of aminosidin-polymyxin B combination was associated with a lower incidence of emergence of gentamicin resistant strains, but the endotracheal administration of gentamicin was better tolerated than that of the combination. It is concluded that the combination of aminosidin-polymyxin is a useful alternative to gentamicin for the prevention of bronchopulmonary infections in unconscious tracheotomized patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Comparative clinical study of doxycycline and minocycline.

Doxycycline and minocycline were given intravenously to patients with a serious underlying disease who presented a pulmonary infection or a wound infection. Both therapies were easy to administer and well tolerated. However they should not be used in the initial therapy since resistant strains may occur. The clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of doxycycline and minocycline were similar. In pneumococcal pulmonary infections, the rates of favorable clinical response to doxycycline and minocycline were 73% and 76% respectively. In infections caused by bacteroides sp.(mainly infections of wounds), doxycycline or minocycline resulted in a 75% rate of favorable clinical responses and in a 71% rate of favorable bacteriological responses. Adverse side effects were rare and of minor importance with the exception of bacteriological colonization by doxycycline-resistant or minocycline-resistant microorganisms. This complica-tion occurred in 39% of the patients who were treated with these drugs and resulted in clinical superinfection in 8% of the patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Effectiveness of carbenicillin - aminoglycoside and of cephalothin-aminoglycoside combinations against enterococci in vitro.

Combination of carbenicillin and cephalothin with various aminoglycosides (gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, kanamycin and amikacin) were studied in vitro using 20 strains of enterococci isolated from clinical material. The addition of the aminoglycosides to carbenicillin increased the rate of bactericidal action of carbenicillin on most strains. Little benefit was obtained by adding the aminoglycosides to cephalothin and antagonistic action has been observed on some strains.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1975

Concentration of gentamicin in bronchial secretions of children with cystic fibrosis of tracheostomy. (Comparison between the intramuscular route, the endotracheal instillation and aerosolization).

The levels of gentamicin in blood and in secretions of the tracheobronchial tree were measured in 14 children (8 with cystic fibrosis and 6 with tracheostomy) in a cross over fashion after the administration of 40 mg of gentamicin by aerosol or by endotracheal injection. High levels of gentamicin (greater than 20 mug/ml) within the bronchial secretions were observed in 7 children after aerosolization and in 11 children after endotracheal instillation. Corresponding blood levels were low (less than 3 mug/ml) in all patients and no detectable levels were found in 10 children after aerosolization and in 6 children after endotracheal instillation. No significant differences were observed between children with cystic fibrosis and those with tracheostomy. Since intramuscular injection of gentamicin (a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg) resulted in low levels of gentamicin within the bronchial secretions (less than 2 mug/ml in 10 patients, among whom 4 had undetectable levels); it is concluded that the administration of an antibiotic such as gentamicin, directly to the trachea by endotracheal injection or by aerosolization might prove to be helpful when the infection is confined mainly to the tracheo-bronchial tree.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1974