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Biomedical subjects

J Kjellander

Publications and source records attributed to J Kjellander.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Meningitis and bacteremia due to Neisseria meningitidis: clinical and laboratory findings in 69 cases from Orebro county, 1965 to 1977.

The records for 69 patients with meningococcal disease during 13 years in Orebro County were reviewed. The mean incidence during this period was 2.0/100 000 persons/year. The age group less than 1 year had the highest incidence, 15/100 000 infants/year. The mortality was 7.2% and sequelae were found in 13% of the patients. Four factors were significantly more frequent in the 7 patients with psycho-neurological sequelae: (1) Age greater than 40 years; (2) A condition prior to meningococcal disease that might have been associated with a lowered resistance; (3) Muscular hypertonia and/or marked irritability on admission; (4) Fever greater than 8 days after initiation of adequate treatment. Prodromal symptoms from the upper respiratory tract were noted in 50% of the cases. Signs and symptoms before and on admission, laboratory data and complicating events were analysed for each of 4 groups: meningitis without meningococcemia (12 patients); meningitis with meningococcemia (46): fulminant meningococcemia without meningitis (6); and benign meningococcemia (5).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Investigation of the immune response to aerobic and anaerobic intestinal bacteria in a patient with Crohn's disease.

The immune response to aerobic and anaerobic intestinal bacteria in a patient with Crohn's disease with an intestinal fistula was investigated with various serological techniques. Two aerobic bacterial species, E. dispar and P. mirabilis, and four strict anaerobic bacterial species, B. fragilis ss. fragilis, F. varium and two different strains of C. perfringens, were isolated from fistula secretion of the patient. These strains were used as antigens for tube agglutination, passive hemagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence and immune hemolysis assays with serum specimens obtained before and after operation of the patient. Immune responses were demonstrated to the aerobic as well as to the anaerobic bacterial strains isolated from the patient's fistula. In connection with the operation an active immune response was demonstrated to the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates. Antibodies belonging to IgG and IgA took part in the active immune response while IgM was very little involved. Antibodies responsible for passive hemagglutination reactions were resistant to treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol. Antibodies to aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative rods were shown to have complement fixing activity. The importance of the demonstrated antibodies for the host's defence against normal intestinal microorganisms and the inflammatory reaction as a consequence of chronic antigenic stimulation in the diseased part of the intestine in patients with Crohn's disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Use of a rapid fermentation test for indentification of anaerobic bacteria.

Rapid fermentation tests of carbohydrates were performed on 84 strains of anaerobic bacteria, and the result is compared with a commercially available micromultitest, API. An overall correlation of 87% was achieved between the two systems. The rapid fermentation test is easy to perform, since it is done aerobically, and easy to read. This study shows that RFT is useful in routine diagnosis of anaerobic bacteria, if it is used in combination with other relevant biochemical tests, morphologic examination, and gas chromatography.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Laboratory identification of pathogenic Neisseria with special regard to atypical strains: an evaluation of sugar degradation, immunofluorescence and co-agglutination tests.

Sugar degradation tests (SDT) were compared with immunofluorescence (IFL) and co-agglutination (COA) tests for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Neisseria meningitidis (MC). Somewhat more than 5% of the GC strains and 8% of the MC strains were misinterpreted by SDT. On most occasions the disagreement between SDT and serological tests was due to the inability of the MC strains (less so for GC strains) to degrade sugars correctly. Because of this, three out of 15 strains (20%) from pharyngeal specimens were primarily considered to be GC by SDT but were identified as MC by COA tests. Deficiencies in sugar degradations were also found in a group of clinical problem strains. Many of them were unable or had a decreased ability to degrade glucose or maltose but were diagnosed distinctly as MC by the COA test. There were no false positives with the IFL or COA tests, but 2% of the GC strains and 26% of the MC carrier strains (non-groupable) were not identified by COA. Both IFL and COA tests are good adjuncts to SDT for the diagnosis of GC and clinically significant MC, since the results are reliable and the tests rapid and simple to perform.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriological and clinical studies of sulbenicillin.

A new semi-synthetic penicillin, sulbenicillin, was evaluated with regard to clinical effect on infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria, serum concentrations obtained after intravenous administration and antibacterial spectrum, in comparison with the closely related antibiotic carbenicillin. The antibacterial spectra of sulbenicillin and carbenicillin were similar but the MIC values were lower for sulbenicillin against most of the bacterial strains tested. The serum concentrations obtained after administration of 5 g sulbenicillin were significantly higher than those obtained after 5 g carbenicillin although no significant differences in serum half-lives were observed. The clinical effect of sulbenicillin--alone or alternating with carbenicillin--on pseudomonas infections with varying localisation was found to be good in 11 and fair in 3 of 16 treated patients. Two treatment failures were cases of chronic wound infection. In addition to the pseudomonas infections, 9 of the patients also had concurrent infections with other bacteria, e.g. pencillinase-producing staphylococci and Klebsiella, and in all these cases bacterial growth was eliminated during therapy. No serious side effects were observed during sulbenicillin treatment but some of the patients developed massive growth of fungi in the urine, which disappeared after the treatment was stopped.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Antibiotic prophylaxis in operations on trochanteric femoral fractures.

Short-term prophylaxis against infection using cephalothin and cephalexin was studied in 140 patients operated on for trochanteric fractures of the femur. The group given the drug during preparation for anesthesia, intraoperatively, and for two days postoperatively had an infection rate of 1.8 per cent (one patient), whereas the group without prophylaxis had a rate of 16.9 per cent (twelve patients). The two groups were similar with regard to factors that may have influenced the infection rate, for example, age, time required for surgery, and blood loss. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infecting organism, but several patients had mixed infections with intestinal bacteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Culture diagnosis of gonorrhoea--a comparison between two standard laboratory methods and a commercial gonococcal culture kit (Kvadricult).

The efficiency of a commercial kit--Kvadricult--intended for the culture diagnosis of gonorrhoea and specially designed to simplify "bedside" inoculation, was compared in two laboratories with their standard laboratory gonococcal (GC) culture methods. The yields of specimens inoculated "bedside" were compared with those inoculated after transport for 4-18 hrs in a modified Stuart transport medium. The highest positive yield was obtained by "bedside" inoculation with approximately equal results for the conventional methods and the Kvadricult system. Compared with "bedside" inoculation, the loss of positive specimens after transport was less than 10% in one laboratory but more than 17% in the other, which was found to be due to inferiority of the GC medium used in this laboratory, the reasons for which are discussed. Prolonged transportation of specimens for 2 days increased the loss of positive specimens, rising to as much as 55% even at the laboratory with the more efficient GC medium. These losses can obviously be avoided by transport for less than 24 hours--or better still, by "bedside" inoculation. From this point of view we have found the Kvadricult system efficient and easy to handle.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Studies on Crohn's disease. 1. The relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica infection and terminal ileitis.

Patients with terminal ileitis or regional enterocolitis have been examined for signs of infection due to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3. The patients were grouped according to the length of preoperative history. Among 18 patients with preoperative symptoms of one week or less there were nine with positive signs of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. None of these patients developed the chronic form of Crohn's disease while two of the primarily Yersinia negative patients progressed to the chronic form. Among nine patients with preoperative symptoms of one week to three months there was one patient with positive signs of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. This patient has remained healthy whereas seven of the negative ones progressed to the chronic form of Crohn's disease. None of the patients with established Crohn's disease of the chronic form had signs of recent Yersinia infection. The findings indicate that patients with acute terminal ileitis and positive signs of Yersinia infection are not likely to progress to the chronic form of Crohn's disease. Bacteriologic and serologic investigation for Yersinia infection are therefore of prognostic value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The use of protein A-containing staphylococci sensitized with anti-meningococcal antibodies for grouping Neisseria meningitidis and demonstration of meningococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid.

The co-agglutination technique, utilizing antibody coated protein A-containing staphylococci, was successfully adapted to grouping N. meningitidis strains. It was found to give more clear-cut results than the standard slide test, especially in the case of strains isolated from throat specimens. The co-agglutination technique has also other advantages over the standard slide test in the grouping of meningococci: minor influence by auto-agglutination, higher specificity, easy performance and low consumption of specific antisera. Preliminary results also showed that the co-agglutination technique could be applied for the rapid detection of meningococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid.

Agglutination Tests↗