Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J King.
The following aspects of cephalosporins are reviewed: chemistry and stability; mechanism of action; spectrum of activity; resistance; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; uses; cautions; drug interactions; laboratory test interferences; and dosage.
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The protein products of at least 21 phage genes are needed for the formation of the tail of bacteriophage T4. Cells infected with amber mutants defective in these genes are blocked in the assembly process. By characterizing the intermediate structures and unassembled proteins accumulating in mutant-infected cells, we have been able to delineate most of the gene-controlled steps in tail assembly. Both the organized structures and unassembled proteins serve as precursors for in vitro tail assembly. We review here studies on the initiation, polymerization, and termination of the tail tube and contractile sheath and the genetic control of these processes. These studies make clear the importance of the baseplate; if baseplate formation is blocked (by mutation) the tube and sheath subunits remain essentially unaggregated, in the form of soluble subunits. Seventeen of the 21 tail genes specify proteins involved in baseplate assembly. The genes map contiguously in two separate clusters, one of nine genes and the other of eight genes. Recent studies show that the hexagonal baseplate is the end-product of two independent subassembly pathways. The proteins of the first gene cluster interact to form a structure which probably represents one-sixth of the outer radius. The products of the other gene cluster interact to form the central part of the baseplate. Most of the phage tail precursor proteins appear to be synthesized in a nonaggregating form; they are converted to a reactive form upon incorporation into preformed substrate complexes, without proteolytic cleavage. Thus reactive sited are limited to growing structures.
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1. The lactate dehydrogenase activity of 89 sera from patients suffering myocardial infarction and of 55 sera from patients with hepatocellular damage was assayed under optimal conditions using pyruvate, alpha-oxobutyrate, hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate as substrates. Activity was also measured with lactate as substrate at different pH values. 2. The ratios of activities under these different assay conditions were calculated for both series of patients. Correct differentiations for single ratios ranged from virtually nil for hydroxypyruvate/alpha-oxobutyrate to is greater than 93 per cent for glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate/alpha-oxobutyrate. This was little improved by the use of multiple ratios involving up to seven separate assays. 3. The activity ratio of hydroxypyruvate to pyruvate which is consistently greater than unity was found to be inverted in a case of morphine poisoning.
This study was composed of one hundred Chinese-American mothers and infants in the Chinatown district of San Francisco. The mothers were interviewed with regard to infants' dietary intakes and past dietary patterns, infant health, maternal pre-natal history and diet, cultural habits, and socio-economic status. Infants' growth patterns were recorded and compared to those of American and Chinese babies. Their growth patterns were noted to be dissimilar to both American and Chinese growth patterns, but to be very similar to infant growth patterns in underdeveloped countries. The cultural influences on the dietary intakes were commented upon.
Heparins from various sources and heparan sulfate from umbilical cords have been subjected to Smith-degradation and reaction with nitrites. These procedures were effective for providing data relating to the distribution of sulfated iduronic acid residues in the molecule. Results indicated that heparins may have, as a prominent structural feature of the molecule, non-sulfated uronic acid distributed in single sequences, much as had been shown previously for N-acetylglucosamine residues. Sulfated uronic acid, however, may occur in multiple sequences of up to 5 or 6 residues. Heparan sulfate was found to have a major proportion of its ester sulfate on iduronic acid rather than hexosamine units, thereby having sections similar to those in heparins, though in considerably lower proportion.
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Sexual impotence after an injury causing a fracture of the pelvis occurred in sixteen of ninety male patients. Three men of fifty-nine had this complication without having an associated injury to the urethra, but impotence was more commonly associated with urethral injury (thirteen of thirty-one cases). Litigation did not seem to be associated with the problem.
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