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Biomedical subjects

J King

Publications and source records attributed to J King.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Intracranial pressure in patients with the empty sella syndrome without benign intracranial hypertension.

The intracranial pressure was monitored continuously for at least 48 hours in five patients with empty sella syndrome, who did not have clinical benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). It has been suggested that the empty sella syndrome is a result of chronically elevated intracranial pressure in the presence of a congenitally deficient diaphragma sellae. However, whilst the intracranial pressure in two of the five patients was abnormally high, in three patients in whom it was monitored, the CSF pressure was normal. Although these cases may represent "burnt out" forms of intracranial pressure problems, it might be that the normal pulsations of CSF are sufficient to produce the empty sella in the presence of a deficient diaphragma sella.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparative effects of semisynthetic D-5-vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone and water-extracted rapeseed meal in the rat.

The toxic effect of two levels of semisynthetic D-5-vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone (VTO) (0.006 and 0.0012%) was compared in rats with that of 0.005% of the same substance present in 'detoxified' rapeseed meal (DRSM). Diets containing 10% protein as casein (control group) or DRSM were tested. Growth rates and protein efficiency ratio with DRSM were slightly less than in the controls. VTO did not affect the growth rate and seems to increase the protein efficiency ratio. Liver and thyroid weights were normal in rats fed DRSM. VTO increased liver weight independently of the concentration in the diet. The The effect on thyroid weight was proportional to VTO concentration, and the glands reached weights twice or three times that of normal. Both levels of semisynthetic VTO led to damage of the hepatic parenchyma. Liver weight was increased. Animals receiving DRSM did not show differences either in liver weight or histology compared to the controls. Thyroid histology of animals fed VTO or DRSM showed smaller follicles lined by tall cells and reduction of lumenal colloid. These changes were more severe in animals fed VTO. It is postulated that both VTO and isothiocyanate may decrease thyroid hormone production which in turn stimulates TRH and TSH release leading to glandular hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Physical and social environment of newborn infants in special care units.

Infants in newborn intensive and convalescent care units are exposed to large amounts of sensory stimulation of various sorts. Although infants in these units do not lack visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation, they receive relatively infrequent coordinated sensory experiences. Furthermore, there is no diurnal rhythmicity in physical and social stimulation across days.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of the provision of rapid drug plasma assays in an outpatient anticonvulsant clinic.

The benefits of providing a rapid assay service for phenytoin and carbamazepine were assessed during a 3-month study in an outpatient anticonvulsant clinic. Fifty-three patients were tested using the EMIT assay system, and a questionnaire was used to compare the physicians' choice of drug dosage and appointment interval before and after each patient result was available. Results were in the therapeutic range for 10 (24%) of the 42 patients on phenytoin and 20 (74%) of the 27 on carbamazepine. The management of 29% of the patients on phenytoin and 22% on carbamazepine was affected, with approximately equal numbers of changes made to dosage (phenytoin 19%, carbamazepine 15%) and appointments (phenytoin 19%, carbamazepine 11%). Of 34 patients with subtherapeutic plasma concentrations, 19 (56%) did not have their doses altered because their seizures were well controlled. Five patients had phenytoin concentrations above 80 mumol/l, but only 1 had toxic symptoms. The dose was lowered in 2 cases, and 2 more were reduced at the next visit when symptoms of toxicity had developed. It was concluded that both clinical evidence and drug plasma concentrations were considered when making decisions about patient management. The rapid assay service was useful for detecting noncompliers, confirming suspected toxicity, and aiding decision making in doubtful cases.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1981

Fluoride balances in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

In planning health protection for pregnant as well as nonpregnant women exposed to fluorides, information about their fluoride metabolism is essential. The authors determined fluoride balances in small groups of young women maintained on two different low-fluoride diets for one or two 21-day periods in a metabolic unit. One diet contained an average of 0.41 mg F/day, and the other contained an average of 0.27 mg F/day. Excretion of fluoride in pooled three-day collections for each subject was about 80% in the urine and 20% in the feces. Pregnant (last half of term) and nonpregnant women demonstrated small negative fluoride balances; the averages were about -0.32 mg F/day and -0.15 mg F/day, respectively. Similar values have been found for young males in other studies. Pregnancy in these subjects did not markedly alter normal fluoride metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Glucose dehydrogenase polymorphism in man.

An isoelectric focusing method for human GDH is described which reveals seven GDH phenotypes. Family studies demonstrate that the variation is genetically determined by three alleles at an autosomal locus with gene frequencies GDH1 = 0.723, GDH2 = 0.194, GDH3 = 0.083. Linkage analysis shows that GDH may be closely linked to PGD on chromosome 1.

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

Anthropometric and biochemical changes during pregnancy in Asian and European mothers having light for gestational age babies.

An assessment of nutritional status using anthropometric and biochemical measurements was made during pregnancy in 8 European and 15 Asian women who produced babies which were light for gestational age. These results were compared with similar measurements in women of both races with normal or pathological pregnancies (hypertension or bleeding) who produced babies of normal size. European mothers of light for gestational age babies with one exception had pregnancies complicated by pathology. They were heavy and fat but apart from urinary peptide hydroxyproline (which was reduced), no other biochemical measurement was specifically associated with poor intrauterine growth. Asian mothers of light for gestational age babies mostly had pregnancies not complicated by obstetric pathology. They gained less weight and fat during the second trimester and during the third trimester, they had biochemical evidence of a poorer nutritional status. Some of the biochemical changes were also noted in pathological pregnancies even though the mothers gained weight and fat normally and had well grown babies.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1981

New genes in the left arm of the bacteriophage phi 80 chromosome.

We describe the isolation and partial genetic characterization of 247 amber (suppressor-sensitive) mutants of temperate bacteriophage phi 80 of Escherichia coli. Of these 247 mutants, the mutations of 201 mapped to the left arm of the phi 809 chromosome and the mutations of 39 mapped to the right arm of the genome. Complementation tests among these and previously described left arm mutants defined five additional genes in the left arm of the chromosome. The positions of these genes are consistent with the hypothesis that four of them represent functions essential for phi 80 tail assembly and one represents a capsid assembly function, probably the major coat protein. The identification of these genes brings the phi 80 genome into closer correspondence with the organization of the phage lambda genome. Two- and three-factor crosses performed between mutants with defects in each of the previously identified genes and mutants with defects in the five new genes allowed us to construct a consistent, roughly additive recombination map of the left arm of the bacteriophage phi 80 genome.

Alleles↗
PubMed1981

The effects of hospitalization on children's behavior: a review of the literature.

The literature on the behavioral effects of hospitalization on children is reviewed. This body of literature, which includes both theoretical and empirical studies, covers a span of four decades. The work can be divided roughly into two areas of concern: the first to document negative effects and the second to describe ameliorative efforts. The final section of the paper reviews attempts to integrate research findings into pediatric practice.

Child↗