Aggregate formation from thermolabile intermediates in the maturation of the thermostable P22 tailspike.
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Kinetics↗
Biomedical subjects
J King
Publications and source records attributed to J King.
Socio-economic, dietary, and cultural factors associated with diarrhoeal disease in Trinidad and Tobago.
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Child, Preschool↗
Herbicide Resistance in Datura innoxia: Cross-Resistance of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Cell Lines to Imidazolinones.
Cells resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and sulfometuron methyl were isolated from a predominantly haploid cell suspension culture of Datura innoxia P. Mill. Exponentially growing cell colonies (aggregates of about 40 cells) were mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate, subcultured for 10 days to allow growth recovery and plated on a medium containing either chlorsulfuron or sulfometuron methyl at a concentration (10(-8) molar) which killed wild type cells. Surviving clones were picked up after 3 to 4 weeks, further proliferated as callus or cell suspension cultures, and tested for their resistance to both the sulfonylureas and imidazolinones, a chemically different class of herbicides. The variants were stable and showed high (100- to 1000-fold) resistance to the sulfonylureas. While some also exhibited cross resistance to imidazolinones, others showed no cross-resistance at all or, as in one case, greater sensitivity than wild type cells to the imidazolinones. Both classes of herbicides tested inhibited acetolactate synthase activity isolated from wild type cells. The acetolactate synthase of the resistant variants, however, was found to be resistant to the sulfonylureas and also to the imidazolinone(s) in those cells showing cross-resistance to the latter. The lack of cross-resistance observed in some cases provides evidence that the two groups of herbicides have slightly different sites on the acetolactate synthase molecule.
Journal Article↗
Cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus is uncommon in childhood. Three further cases are presented to draw attention to the unusual and varied clinical manifestations of this condition.
Brain Diseases↗
Respite care for mentally ill patients and their families.
An inpatient psychiatric unit at a Veterans Administration Medical Center offers regularly scheduled psychiatric respite care, an intervention intended to reduce recidivism among chronic patients who live with a family member and to support the family in their caregiving role. Patients and their families have the option of arranging for respite admissions for two to seven days at six- to eight-week intervals. Preliminary one-year data for 14 patients show that with participation in the respite program, subsequent hospital days are significantly decreased. Subjective data indicate that respite care helps stabilize improvements patients made in the hospital, allows staff to work with family systems in a nonadversarial manner, and gives the family needed relief from difficult behaviors.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The eye in stroke: amaurosis fugax, ischaemic optic neuropathy and chronic ocular ischaemia.
The problems of the eye associated with amaurosis fugax, ischaemia optic neuropathy and chronic ocular ischaemia are presented and the possibility of treatment is discussed.
Aged↗
[Evaluation on the capability of indole pyruvic acid production by members of Proteeae on different brands of sulfide-indole-motility].
Members of Proteeae were vertically inoculated into different brands of sulfide-indole-motility (SIM) medium for evaluating the capability of IPA production. A total of 328 clinical strains of tribe Proteeae was used as tested organisms, including 186 Proteus mirabilis strains, 62 Morganella morganii strains, 31 Proteus vulgaris strains, 27 Providencia rettgeri strains, 14 Providencia stuartii and 8 Providencia alcalifaciens strains. Seven different brands of SIM medium used in this study are Kyokuto and Eiken from Japan; Gibco, Difco, Scott and BBL from U.S.A.; as well as Oxoid from England. The results indicate that SIM medium of kyokuto is the most suitable medium for Proteus spp. and Providencia spp. to produce IPA (positive rates are 95.4% and 93.0%, respectively) but not for Morganella morganii (16.1%). Eiken, Gibco and BBL SIM medium are only good for Providencia spp. to produce IPA (positive rates are 95.5%, 85.1% and 87.8%, respectively). Take account the tribe Proteeae the best SIM medium to detect IPA production was from Kyokuto (80%) and the worst was Oxoid (0.3%). Since SIM medium can constantly detect the production of H2S, the relationship between H2S and IPA was analyzed. We found that there is no obvious interaction between these two characters. Production of phenylalanine deaminase (PD) is one of the important characters for tribe Proteeae. We compared PD and IPA positive rates of each members and found that the ability to produce PD and IPA is almost identical for each member in tribe Proteeae except Morganella morganii.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
A family with late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar degeneration.
A family is described in which 5 (4 female and 1 male) of 8 siblings from one marriage developed a late onset cerebellar degeneration. Four of the 5 affected persons presented separately to different neurologists. Because the original enquiries into family history were negative, and because of the exclusion of other recognised causes for the clinical picture, a diagnosis of idiopathic chronic cerebellar degeneration was made for the individual patients. All patients experienced their first symptoms between the ages of 48 and 55 years, with a gradual unremitting deterioration from the onset. Cerebellar atrophy was confirmed on CT head scan in all cases. Clinically, apart from the cerebellar ataxia, there were no consistent signs of degeneration of any other central or peripheral nervous system pathway. Geographical factors severely limited family contact, and consequently none of those afflicted was aware of similarly affected relatives. Hence, this particular family illustrates the great importance of obtaining a detailed, accurate family history and of assiduous follow-up of the entire family. Only after many years did it become obvious that multiple members of the family were affected by a similar neurological problem.
Aged↗
Collagenous colitis.
A middle-aged female with chronic, watery diarrhea was diagnosed after extensive evaluation as having collagenous colitis. The clinical, histological, and pathological findings of our case and those previously reported are reviewed. The diagnostic importance of total colonoscopy with biopsy in a normal-appearing colon in a patient with chronic, undiagnosed, watery diarrhea is discussed.
Acute Disease↗
Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in secundum atrial septal defect.
Nineteen adolescent or adult patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) underwent pulmonary arteriography to evaluate the presence of proximal pulmonary arterial (PA) thrombosis. This procedure demonstrated proximal PA thrombosis in 8 patients (group 2). These patients had a distinctive hemodynamic profile, consisting primarily of significant PA hypertension. None of the 11 patients with normal angiograms (group 1) had severe PA hypertension (p less than 0.0001). Proximal PA thrombosis appears to be the major factor in the development and progression of PA hypertension in adult patients with ostium secundum ASD. Pulmonary angiography should be undertaken in all adult patients with ostium secundum ASD who have at least moderate PA hypertension. Long-term anticoagulation is advocated for patients with PA thrombosis irrespective of a decision for surgical intervention.
Adolescent↗
Outcome in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis: 4-year analysis of a prospective multicentre study.
In a study in seven large renal units in England, the morbidity and mortality of all patients starting continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and haemodialysis during 1983-85 were monitored prospectively over a 4-year period and related to reasons for choice of therapy and potential risk factors. 610 new patients (median age 52 years, range 3-80 years) started CAPD; 16% had diabetes mellitus and 21% cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease. 329 patients (median age 48 years, range 5-77 years) started haemodialysis; 7% had diabetes mellitus and 17% cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease. The Kaplan-Meier patient survival estimates at 4 years were 74% for haemodialysis and 62% for CAPD; technique survival figures for the same period were 91% for haemodialysis and 61% for CAPD. Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis showed that cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, age over 60 years, and diabetes mellitus were important predictors for survival in CAPD patients; there were no risk factors associated with permanent change to haemodialysis. In the haemodialysis group early change to CAPD was associated with presence of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease. The major cause of drop-out in both groups was transplantation. The mean length of hospital admission was 14.8 days per patient-year for CAPD and 12.4 days per patient-year for haemodialysis.
Adolescent↗
Imipramine in prepubertal major depressive disorders.
The potential effectiveness of imipramine hydrochloride (up to 5 mg/kg/d) was investigated in 53 prepubertal children suffering from major depressive disorder. Two complementary strategies were used simultaneously: a five-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled design (N = 38), and a plasma level/clinical response study (N = 30). Fifteen of the 16 children randomly assigned to active drug in the first study also participated in the second. Subjects were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children and diagnosed according to unmodified Research Diagnostic Criteria. Response rates in the double-blind study were similar in both groups (imipramine, 56%; placebo, 68%). In the plasma level study, total maintenance plasma level (imipramine plus desipramine) was found to positively and linearly predict clinical response of the depressive syndrome (P less than .003). No evidence of a curvilinear relationship was found. Depressive hallucinations during the episode negatively predicted clinical response (P less than .05). Weight-corrected imipramine dosage did not predict either clinical response or plasma level in the individual subject. No predictors of response were found in the placebo group. These results suggest that the mean imipramine dosage was too low, and that future double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of imipramine in prepubertal major depression should include plasma level titration to above 150 ng/mL and an initial placebo washout period.
Age Factors↗
Rat urinary kallikrein localization in kidney: effects of fixation.
The influence of fixation on the immunocytochemical localization of tissue kallikrein in the kidney has been evaluated using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. These studies have provided several results relevant to kallikrein localization in kidney: (1) the intensity and distribution of immunostaining with both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-kallikrein antibodies is fixation-dependent; (2) the most intense and consistent localizations of kallikrein are in the connecting tubule and the cortical collecting duct of the nephron; (3) kallikrein-like immunoreactivity is seen in proximal tubules with polyclonal but not with non-cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies; and (4) fixatives which disrupt membranes reveal a kallikrein-like antigen in straight tubules of the outer medulla. However, immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies indicates that much of the observed immunostaining at this site probably represents cross-reactivity with another member of the kallikrein family of enzymes.
Animals↗
High-pressure continuous-flow system for drug entrapment in liposomes.
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Cholesterol↗
Historical review of the changing pattern of infant feeding in developing countries: the case of Malaysia, the Caribbean, Nigeria and Zaire.
Prolonged lactation and early supplementation have been traditional practices among low-income mothers in Malaysia, the Caribbean, Nigeria and Zaire. Early supplementation is still the norm but there have been some substantial changes in the types of supplement offered. Thus, except in Zaire, there is now widespread use of processed milks as supplements for very young infants. The use of processed milks began in the 1920s in Malaysia and the Caribbean, but not until the 1960s in Nigeria. Processed milks are, as yet, rarely used in Zaire. The use of processed milks has not, however, led to the abandonment of traditional paps. The latter are still given as supplements to young infants in Nigeria and to older infants in Malaysia and the Caribbean. Breast-feeding duration has declined in Malaysia and the Caribbean although initiation is almost universal. In Nigeria and Zaire most low-income mothers continue to breast-feed for at least 12 months. The changes in the types of supplements used and in breast-feeding duration are analogous to the changes observed in industrialised countries from the mid-19th century, and many of the associated factors are similar: urbanisation; female participation in the labour force; increased availability of processed milks and their promotion both by companies and the health sector; and the regimentation of breast-feeding. This review highlights the negative role played by the health sector in the past, and discusses its future role in promoting and supporting breast-feeding.
Breast Feeding↗
Identification of sites influencing the folding and subunit assembly of the P22 tailspike polypeptide chain using nonsense mutations.
Amber mutations have been isolated and mapped to more than 60 sites in gene 9 of P22 encoding the thermostable phage tailspike protein. Gene 9 is the locus of over 30 sites of temperature sensitive folding (tsf) mutations, which affect intermediates in the chain folding and subunit association pathway. The phenotypes of the amber missense proteins produced on tRNA suppressor hosts inserting serine, glutamine, tryosine and leucine have been determined at different temperatures. Thirty-three of the sites are tolerant, producing functional proteins with any of the four amino acids inserted at the sites, independent of temperature. Tolerant sites are concentrated at the N-terminal end of the protein indicating that this region is not critical for conformation or function. Sixteen of the sites yield temperature sensitive missense proteins on at least one nonsense suppressing host. Most of the sites with ts phenotypes map to the central region of the gene which is also the region where most of the tsf mutations map. Mutations at 15 of the sites have a lethal phenotype on at least one tRNA suppressor host. For nine out of ten sites tested with at least one lethal phenotype, the primary defect was in the folding or subunit association of the missense polypeptide chain. This analysis of the tailspike missense proteins distinguishes three classes of amino acid sites in the polypeptide chain; residues whose side chains contribute little to folding, subunit assembly or function; residues critical for maintaining the folding and subunit assembly pathway at the high end of the temperature range of phage growth; and residues critical over the entire temperature range of growth.
DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
Fructose prevents hypoxic cell death in liver.
Perfusion of livers from fasted rats with nitrogen-saturated buffer caused hepatocellular damage within 30 min. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was released at maximal rates of approximately 300 U . g-1 . h-1 under these conditions, and virtually all cells in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule were stained with trypan blue. Infusion of glucose, xylitol, sorbitol, or mannitol (20 mM) did not appreciably change the time course or extent of damage due to perfusion with nitrogen-saturated perfusate. However, fructose (20 mM) completely prevented damage assessed by LDH release, trypan blue uptake, and ultrastructural changes for at least 2 h of perfusion. Neither glucose, xylitol, sorbitol, nor mannitol (20 mM) increased lactate formation above basal levels during hypoxia. On the other hand, fructose (0.4-20 mM) caused a concentration-dependent increase in lactate formation that reached maximal rates of approximately 180 mumol . g-1 . h-1. The dose-dependent increase in glycolytic lactate production from fructose correlated well with cellular protection reflected by decreases in LDH release. ATP:ADP ratios were also increased from 0.4 to 1.8 in a dose-dependent manner by fructose. The results indicate that fructose protects the liver against hypoxic cell death by the glycolytic production of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
Nine cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia have been seen in the last 5 years and are reported. They fall into 2 groups, namely otitic and oropharyngeal, according to the initial location of pain. The condition is probably more common than is recognised, largely because there are diagnostic difficulties with the otitic form where the pain radiates widely into the distribution of the trigeminal nerve and also into upper cervical dermatomes. The pain is more variable than that seen in trigeminal neuralgia but usually responds initially to carbamazepine. The results from surgical section of the ninth and the upper rootlets of the tenth nerve have been good. The clues to the diagnosis are the initial site of the pain in the oropharynx and in or around the ear, the characteristics of the pain and its triggering factors, and a response to carbamazepine.
Adult↗