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J Key

Publications and source records attributed to J Key.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Contemporary perspectives in tobacco cessation: what oncologists need to know.

Within the last 5 years there has been a large outgrowth of smoking cessation research, largely encouraged by the release of the 1996 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. These federal guidelines published by the Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research offered comprehensive empirical evidence that tobacco cessation interventions are effective and encouraged routine implementation within medical settings. Since that time, numerous studies in tobacco cessation have augmented the state of knowledge regarding successful smoking intervention modalities. Unfortunately, approximately one-third of cancer-related deaths continue to be attributed to smoking behaviors. It is imperative that health care providers encourage and participate in the smoking cessation efforts of their patients and family members. This article provides a review of the current literature in smoking cessation and describes first-line therapies with proven effectiveness in tobacco cessation. Clinicians are encouraged to consistently screen for tobacco use and provide brief interventions utilizing behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapies to treat their patients' tobacco dependence.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Extraction of accurate structure-factor amplitudes from Laue data: wavelength normalization with wiggler and undulator X-ray sources.

Wavelength normalization is an essential part of processing of Laue X-ray diffraction data and is critically important for deriving accurate structure-factor amplitudes. The results of wavelength normalization for Laue data obtained in nanosecond time-resolved experiments at the ID09 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France, are presented. Several wiggler and undulator insertion devices with complex spectra were used. The results show that even in the most challenging cases, such as wiggler/undulator tandems or single-line undulators, accurate wavelength normalization does not require unusually redundant Laue data and can be accomplished using typical Laue data sets. Single-line undulator spectra derived from Laue data compare well with the measured incident X-ray spectra. Successful wavelength normalization of the undulator data was also confirmed by the observed signal in nanosecond time-resolved experiments. Single-line undulators, which are attractive for time-resolved experiments due to their high peak intensity and low polychromatic background, are compared with wigglers, based on data obtained on the same crystal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Infantile systemic hyalinosis in a black infant.

A black girl was born with flexion contractures and experienced pain on movement by 1 week of age. She subsequently developed perioral papules, gingival hyperplasia, perianal nodules, torticollis, diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and inability to open her mouth. Her skin became increasingly sclerodermatous, and velvety, hyperpigmented plaques arose over bony prominences. A skin biopsy specimen showed hyaline material in the papillary dermis with lack of elastic fibers. Ultrastructural examination revealed fibrillogranular material around fibroblasts and blood vessels. This child had the clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features of infantile systemic hyalinosis. This disorder has not been described in a black infant. Previous case reports of infantile systemic hyalinosis are reviewed and unusual features of our case are discussed.

Connective Tissue Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Forearm resistance vessel abnormalities and insulin resistance in obese adolescents.

To determine if structural changes in forearm resistance vessels are associated with insulin resistance, we evaluated the relation between minimum forearm vascular resistance and insulin resistance in 95 obese adolescents before and after weight loss. Insulin resistance was assessed by fasting insulin levels and sum of insulin values after an oral glucose tolerance test in all 95 subjects and whole body glucose uptake during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in 35 of 95 subjects. Structural changes in forearm vessels were assessed by measurement of minimum forearm vascular resistance during 10 minutes of ischemic exercise. As compared with our normal values, obese adolescents had a significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased maximal forearm blood flow (41.6 +/- 1.4 versus 67.1 +/- 2.4 ml/min/100 ml) and increased minimum forearm vascular resistance (2.9 +/- 0.4 versus 1.6 +/- 0.7 mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml). There was a significant relation (p less than 0.01) between minimum forearm vascular resistance and fasting insulin, sum of insulins, and whole body glucose uptake. After a 20-week weight-loss program, minimum forearm vascular resistance decreased (3.0 +/- 0.3 versus 2.0 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.01), maximal forearm blood flow increased (41 +/- 2.3 versus 57.4 +/- 3.9, p less than 0.01), and forearm volume remained unchanged. We also observed a significant (p less than 0.01) relation between the decrease in minimum forearm vascular resistance and the decrease in fasting insulin (r = 0.29), decrease in sum of insulins (r = 0.42), and increase in whole body glucose uptake (r = 0.63).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Urine sodium excretion in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in obese and nonobese adolescents.

To determine if physiologic changes of insulin are capable of inducing sodium retention in insulin-resistant patients, we evaluated the ability of an oral glucose tolerance test to alter urine sodium excretion in 32 obese subjects (13.3 +/- 1 years, weight 82 +/- 5 kg, mean arterial pressure 89.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg) and 13 nonobese subjects (13.8 +/- 2 years, weight 46 +/- 4 kg, mean arterial pressure 74.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg). After an overnight fast, subjects were placed in water diuresis and fasting insulin and glucose levels were drawn. Three 30-minute urine collections were obtained for baseline urine sodium excretion. The oral glucose tolerance test was administered with glucose and insulin levels drawn at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. During the oral glucose tolerance test, four 30-minute urine collections were obtained for urine sodium excretion. Serum glucose levels at baseline and throughout the glucose tolerance test did not differ between obese and nonobese subjects. Baseline insulin levels were elevated significantly in the obese (20 +/- 3 microU/mL) compared with the nonobese (5 +/- 0.7 microU/mL) subjects. Furthermore, insulin levels remained significantly elevated in the obese subjects compared with the nonobese subjects throughout the glucose tolerance test (118 +/- 19 vs 49 +/- 6 microU/mL, obese vs nonobese subjects at 1-hour post-glucose tolerance test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Gargoylism.

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Eponyms↗
PubMed1990

Faust complex.

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Drama↗
PubMed1990

Janiceps twins.

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Head↗
PubMed1990

Hypnosis.

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History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1990

Electra complex.

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Eponyms↗
PubMed1989

The effect of weight loss on the sensitivity of blood pressure to sodium in obese adolescents.

To clarify the role of sodium intake in the regulation of blood pressure in obese subjects, we measured blood pressure in 60 obese and 18 nonobese adolescents after successive two-week periods of a high-salt diet (greater than 250 mmol of sodium per day) and a low-salt diet (less than 30 mmol per day). When they were changed from a high-salt to a low-salt diet, the obese group had a significantly larger mean change (+/- SE) in mean arterial pressure (-12 +/- 1 mm Hg) than did the nonobese group (+1 +/- 2 mm Hg; P less than 0.001). The variables that best predicted the degree of sodium sensitivity were the fasting plasma insulin level, the plasma aldosterone level while the low-salt diet was being given, the plasma norepinephrine level while the high-salt diet was being given, and the percentage of body weight made up by fat. Fifty-one of the obese adolescents were also studied before and after a 20-week weight-loss program. After the weight-loss program, the 36 subjects who lost more than 1 kg of body weight had a reduced sensitivity of blood pressure to sodium (difference from value during high-salt diet to that during low-salt diet, -1 +/- 1 mm Hg). The blood pressure of the remaining 15 adolescents was still sensitive to sodium intake (-11 +/- 3 mm Hg). These results support the hypothesis that the blood pressure of obese adolescents is sensitive to dietary sodium intake and that this sensitivity may be due to the combined effects of the hyperinsulinemia, hyperaldosteronism, and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system that are characteristic of obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hypersensitivity reaction on first-time exposure to cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzer.

Forty-five patients who have been maintained on hemodialysis using a regenerated cellulose hollow fiber artificial kidney (HFAK) were dialyzed on a cuprophan HFAK for the first time. Three black patients (6.6%), one male and two females, ages 43-61, who had been stable on hemodialysis for 30-88 months developed hypersensitivity reactions. The recommended setup procedure was carefully followed. Within seconds in 1 patient and within 10-16 minutes in the remaining two, respiratory distress, urticaria, pruritus, hypertension/hypotension, and facial edema developed. Dialysis was discontinued immediately. They were treated with oxygen, epinephrine, and diphenhydramine. Two patients received IPPB treatments and one received IV methyl-prednisolone. After allowing 10-15 minutes for stabilization, the dialysis was resumed on a non-cuprophan HFAK. Patients were discharged with no sequelae. The cause of the hypersensitivity reaction is unknown. It could be due to substances used in the sterilization procedure, to the membrane itself, or to substances that leach out of the potting compound or membrane. Hypersensitivity reaction during hemodialysis has been reported to be very severe or even fatal. Personnel delivering direct patient care should be aware of the symptoms and react quickly with proper treatment. Patients suspected to have this reaction should be changed to a dialyzer without a cuprophan membrane.

Adult↗