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Biomedical subjects

J Keul

Publications and source records attributed to J Keul.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Biochemical changes in a 100 km run: carbohydrates, lipids, and hormones in serum.

During the 100 km race in Biel, Switzerland, seven-well trained men (age 33.3 +/- 3.5 years; V02 max. 59.9 +/- ml/kg) have been investigated. Their mean running time over the 100 km distance averaged 10.41 +/- 1.25 h. In contrast to almost unchanged blood glucose and lactate concentrations, blood lipids showed significant changes. Triglycerides decreased about two-fold, whereas glycerol and free fatty acids increased to extremely high concentrations (0.628 and 2.44 mmol/l respectively). Plasma insulin after the run was unaffected, whereas growth hormone, aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were significantly increased. With the exceptions of a still significantly elevated aldosterone and lactate concentration as well as a decreased triglyceride concentration all other values in the blood are restored to normal 24 h after completion of the run.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The influence of graduated treadmill exercise on plasma catecholamines, aerobic and anaerobic capacity in boys and adults].

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, lactate and glucose levels in the blood, together with the heart rate and oxygen intake were examined in eight boys (12.8 +/- 0.8 years) and seven adults (27.8 +/- 2.9 years) during a graduated treadmill exercise. At rest, noradrenaline is higher in the adults, while adrenaline, lactate, glucose, heart rate and relative oxygen intake show no differences between the groups. At the same exercise levels, adrenaline (+ 90-180%), noradrenaline (+ 28-77%) and the heart rate are higher in boys, corresponding to a higher relative exercise load, and glucose, lactate and the relative oxygen intake show no differences. During maximum treadmill exercise adrenaline, glucose and the relative oxygen intake show no differences between the groups, whereas the noradrenaline (-30%) and lactate levels (-25%) are lower and the heart rate is 4% higher in the boys. There is an identical increase in lactate and catecholamine levels (r = 0.92 and 0.87) with a lower correlation with high intensity "anaerobic" physical exercise, which shows no age dependent difference until about the age of 40. The maximum catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and lactate concentration is 25% lower in the boys; an indication of reduced maximum sympathetic activity and reduced maximum anaerobic capacity is seen. The constant relationship between adrenaline and noradrenaline during physical work (r=0.90 and 0.85), also with a lower correlation at high intensive physical exercise, changes from 1 : 3.5 (boys) to 1 : 5.5 (adults) (p less than 0.001), based on higher noradrenaline levels in the adults at rest, at submaximum exercise levels and during maximum ergometric work; these changes are seen to be the cause of an age dependent negative chronotropic effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Plasma catecholamines and aerobic-anaerobic capacity in women during graduated treadmill exercise].

Blood levels of adrenalinee, noradrenaline lactate, and glucose, and heart rate and oxygen intake were examined in nine healthy women (29.3 +/- 2.2 years) during a graduated treadmill exercise. At rest there are no differences in these parameters compared with male subjects. During treadmill exercise, two ranges can be distinguished as in male subjects. A range with a slight increase in adrenaline, noradrenaline, and lactate, corresponding to a predominantly aerobic energy supply, and a range with an eight to ten times higher increase of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and lactate related to an additionally increasing anaerobic energy supply. The transition between the two ranges corresponds approximately to the anaerobic threshold, and occurs as in male subjects at an oxygen intake and heart rate of 70--80% and a catecholamine and lactate concentration of 20--30% of the maximal value. At the same exercise level, adrenaline, and noradrenaline are higher than in male subjects. Differences in the relative oxygen intake or the heart rate are similar. During maximal treadmill exercise adrenalin increased by 1,300%, noradrenaline, 1,500%, lactate 1,100% glucose, 30%, the oxygen intake, 1,000%, and the heart rate by about 200%. During ergometric exercise, as in male subjects there is a direct linear correlation between adrenaline and noradrenaline. A direct linear correlation excists between the catecholamines and lactate or glucose levels. Referring to the catecholamines, the lactate level is lower than in male subjects, corresponding to a limitation of acidosis in females.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Plasma catecholamines in trained and untrained volunteers during graduated exercise.

Ten untrained subjects and nine trained cyclists were examined during graduated ergometric exercise in the supine position. The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood as well as the heart rate and oxygen intake were determined. At submaximum levels, epinephrine, norepinephrine, lactate, and the heart rate are lower in tthe trained than in the untrained subjects; the relative oxygen intake shows no significant difference. The ergometric work capacity is approximately 30% higher in the trained cyclists. During maximum ergometric exercise, the plasma catecholamines, lactate, and the heart rate show no differences between the two groups; the oxygen intake is approximately 30% higher in the trained than in the untrained subjects. A direct relationship exists between catecholamine levels and lactate; however, this relationship becomes less exact during higher exercise intensities: In reference to the same catecholamine concentration, the lactate levels as well as the submaximum heart rates are higher in the trained than in the untrained subjects, the cause of which could be an increased beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity in the trained subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparative echocardiographic examinations in sitting and supine position at rest and during dynamic exercise.

Echocardiograms of 12 healthy male subjects in the supine and sitting positions were obtained. The end-diastolic (EDD) and end-systolic (ESD) diameters of the left ventricle were measured, and the stroke volume was calculated as the cube of the diameter. A significantly (P less than 0.001) smaller stroke volume was found in the sitting rest position (67.1 ml) compared to the supine rest position (92.3 ml). During dynamic exercise, the stroke volume increase in the sitting position (29.7%) was considerably higher than in the supine position (13%). The shortening fraction showed no difference in the sitting and supine positions at rest and during dynamic exercise. The results demonstrate good agreement between the echocardiographic method and other noninvasive procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Scintigraphic diagnosis of sport injuries: multiple fractures of ribs by golf-players (author's transl)].

Three untrained golf-players suffered from pain in the dorsal region of the left thorax after some training hours. Three to four weeks after the pains had begun serial fractures of ribs were diagnosed by 99mTc-MDP bone-scan-examinations. All fractures were localized near the costal angulus (paravertebral) of these ribs. The fractures are causal by manual tensions. The difficulties in timing the bone-scan and in identifying the morphologic substrate are demonstrated. It is recommended, that golf-players suffering from thoracic pain ought to be examined by bone scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of bunitrolol on heart rate, metabolic parameters during physical exercise, and performance].

Plasma catecholamines, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and glycerol in the blood, as well as heart rate, oxygen intake, and work capacity have been examined in 9 healthy subjects (28.5 +/- 2 years) at rest, during submaximum and maximum ergometric exercise, after oral administration of a placebo and of 10 mg O-[3-(tert.-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-benzonitril (bunitrolol, Stresson), respectively. The results are as follows: 1. As caused by the intrinsic activity of bunitrolol, the heart rate does not show nearly any reduction at rest and during submaximum physical exercise. At maximum exercise level the heart rate is 37 beats/min lower with bunitrolol. The limitation of heart function leads to a work capacity reduction of approx. 14%. 2. After administration of bunitrolol, adrenaline level is significantly lower at rest and during submaximum exercise than with placebo. At a 200 W level, the concentration is higher with bunitrolol, but the maximum results are not attained with placebo. In relation to the percentile of the maximum work capacity, plasma catecholamine level shows no differences with placebo and with bunitrolol, respectively, except that it is lower during maximum exercise and the recovery phase. 3. Glucose, free fatty acids, and glycerol levels show no significant changes with bunitrolol. Lactate decreases significantly after bunitrolol at submaximal exercise levels and during the recovery stage, which can be looked upon as an indication of a glycolysis restriction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Myosin ATPase in swine heart, "soleus" and "gastrocnemius".

Myosin was isolated from heart ventricle, soleus and gastrocnemius of freshly slaughtered swine. ATPase activities (mu moles Pi/mg/min) were found to be higher in heart muscle (Ca++ activated = .39 +/- .04; EDTA activated = .59 +/- .06) than in ST soleus (Ca++ activated = .23 +/- .02; EDTA activated = .48 +/- .05) or FT gastrocnemius (Ca++ activated = .32 +/- .03; EDTA activated = .52 +/- .04). The results suggest that the myosin of swine cardiac muscle is different from the myosin of skeletal muscle, or at least, the rate of hydrolysis of ATP on the myosin sites is different between these tissues. There is a difference in relationship of ATPase between heart and skeletal muscle in swine compared to that seen in other mammalian species.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1981

Effect of static and dynamic exercise on heart volume, contractility, and left ventricular dimensions.

Echocardiographic measurements in 90 successful athletes were compared with data from untrained subjects and patients with hypertension and cardiomyopathy. The athletes represented sports disciplines requiring predominantly static exercise and power training (weight lifters, hammer-throwers, shot putters) and dynamic or endurance exercise (middle and long distance runners, cyclists, nordic skiers, rowers). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in well-trained endurance athletes was increased from the normal mean of 47.8 to 53.6 mm. The relationship of ventricular wall thickness to end-diastolic diameter was not affected. With static training, an increase of the end-diastolic diameter in relation to body weight did not occur, but there was a definite increase of septal and posterior wall thickness with an altered ratio between end-diastolic diameter and wall thickness. The ratio stroke volume:heart volume was increased in endurance athletes, but decreased in power athletes. The shortening fraction was not altered by these various forms of training. The ejection fraction was increased in endurance athletes whereas power-trained athletes showed a moderate decrease. There was no indication of myocardial damage in power- or endurance-trained athletes. The critical threshold that is associated with damage is apparently not exceeded during athletic training.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1981

[Plasma catecholamines and hemodynamics in left heart failure (author's transl)].

7 healthy male subjects, 17 patients with left heart failure of degree I and II and 14 patients of degree III and IV (3 patients) based on a coronary heart disease were examined at rest and during ergometric exercise in supine position during a right-heart-catheter examination. Three patients degree IV were not exercised. Compared to healthy subjects, the patients showed, according to disease severity, catecholamine level increases at rest and at the same submaximum exercise intensity. The catecholamine levels show no difference between the patients and healthy subjects during maximum ergometric exercise, although the patients exercise load was 30% (degree I and II) and 60% (degree III) lower. Three patients of the degree IV already have plasma catecholamine levels at rest like those of healthy subjects during maximum ergometric exercise at 155 +/- 33 Watts. Adrenaline and noradrenaline show a direct correlation to pressure dimensions as to the PCPm or the PAPd corresponding to the limitation extent of cardiac function. Estimation of plasma catecholamines in left heart failure during ergometric exercise allows an orientational judgement of the course of hemodynamic dimensions such as PCPm, PAPd and HMV without renewed invasive diagnostic.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1981

[Echocardiographic septal motion in 50 patients with coronary artery disease. A correlative study with coronary angiographic findings (author's transl)].

The literature about pathological septal motion in coronary artery disease is contradictory. Purpose of this study was to reveal the sensitivity and specificity of the echocardiography for diagnosis of stenoses and occlusions (S/O) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). 50 patients with CAD were studied using coronary angiography and echocardiography. In 32 of the cases a critical stenosis (over 70% narrowing) of the LAD was present. History of old infarction was found in 80% of the patients. Angina pectoris was absent at the time of the investigation. It was proven that the sensitivity of the echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary stenoses and for proximal and peripheral LAD-S/O is not high (44%-61%). 50 percent of all LAD-S/O and 61% of the proximal LAD-S/O have a pathological septal movement. In presence of a pathological septal motion, however, it may be concluded that there is a critical stenosis in one or more of the three main coronary arteries (predictive value 91%). The diagnosis of the localization of the occlusion by echocardiography is not possible. 1/3 of peripheral LAD-S/O also lead to a dyscinetic septum which mostly is found in proximal LAD-S/O. The number of false positive (pathological) echocardiographic septal dyscinetic motion is low (12%). The sensitivity of echocardiographic method for diagnose of coronary alteration is increased when using the differentiation between stenosis and occlusion of LAD. By that it can be revealed that full occlusions of the LAD lead in 80% to septal dyscinetic motion, whereas stenoses are only rarely combined with pathological septum (36%). It is concluded that not only the localization but predominantly the degree of the vessel-narrowing influences the septal movement. Perhaps these findings may help to declare the contradictory results in literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Physical performance and serum cholesterol fractions in healthy young men.

In 293 healthy, 18--30-year-old male adults (241 well trained athletes with different training types: (A) endurance, (B) mixed, and (C) power training; (D) 52 untrained students), serum total cholesterol and the cholesterol fractions (HDL-, VLDL-, LDL-cholesterol) were investigated. In comparison with the untrained students, lower LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations were found in group (A) (-0.23 mmol/l, p < 0.01; -0.08 mmol/l, p < 0.001), lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations were found in group (C) (-0.33 mmol/l, p < 0.001). Increased HDL-cholesterol values and decreased VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol values were found in athletes with a rising oxygen-uptake; a significant, age-related increase in HDL-cholesterol occurred only in endurance-trained persons. There was no significant correlation between relative body weight and the HDL-cholesterol in the subjects examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on hemodynamic parameters obtained by right heart catheter and echocardiography (author's transl)].

Echocardiographic and flow-directed catheter studies were performed on nine normal male volunteers to investigate the hemodynamic effects of beta-adrenergic blockade at rest and during exercise. The beta-receptor blockade induced inhibition of sympathetic drive led to a reduced myocardial contractility with raised pulmonary capillary pressure and a reduced shortening fraction during exercise. Stroke volume and cardiac output were reduced by 20--30%. There was a correlation between the measurements of stroke volume by echocardiography and by catheter (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), a stronger relationship was demonstrated in the measurement of cardiac output (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). In spite of raised pressures and reduced myocardial contractility there was no increase in enddiastolic left ventricular diameter. In addition to the Frank-Starling mechanism further pharmacological effects must be assumed to explain the observed effects of beta-adrenergic blockade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Echocardiographic values of healthy children in relation to ergometric performance (author's transl)].

The results of echocardiographic and ergometric studies on 22 children are presented. These children were involved in a daily lesson of gymnastics, swimming or rollerskating of one hour duration. Depending on the exhaustion during ergometry, the maximal parameters showed the same results as known from the literature. There were also no different results of echocardiographic values compared with weight or body surface related data of normal subjects. Normal values for echocardiographic data are presented and discussed with parameters of the maximal performance of the children. From that it is concluded that these sport activities do not influence the dimensions of the heart and its function because of the low intensity and short duration of the additional training lessons in contrast to the high spontaneous motoric activities of children.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMed1980

[Biochemical changes after endurance exercise in children and juveniles (author's transl)].

In 6 groups of children and juveniles (aged 8-16 ys) the exercise induced changes (cross country skiing of different durations) in various blood-parameters (Na, K, Ca, Mg, glucose, lactic acid, free fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, CK-activity) are shown in contrast to changes in adults. It was found, that there are differences in the matabolic behaviour of the groups examined; previous data in adults must be applied, with restrictions, to results found in children or juveniles. Single parameters are not sufficient to obtain informations about influences of intensive endurance training in juveniles. Remarkable changes after long-lasting exercise must be expected in the blood values of K, Mg, urea, insulin and STH.

Adolescent↗