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Biomedical subjects

J Kenny

Publications and source records attributed to J Kenny.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Babesia divergens: sequential exposure to heterologous tick-borne challenge of cattle immunized with a fraction of parasitized erythrocytes.

Two groups of cows previously unexposed to ticks or tick-borne infections were immunized with an acidic fraction, isolated by isoelectric focusing, of a lysate of a laboratory strain of Babesia divergens infected erythrocytes 5 months and 1 month before grazing on a pasture harbouring a large population of ticks known to transmit babesiosis. Both treated groups and the untreated became infected with a field strain of B. divergens after 19 of the 21 cattle (3 groups of 7) had first developed tick-borne fever. All those immunized one month and 6 of 7 immunized 5 months previously resisted lethal multiplication of B. divergens whereas 4 of 7 controls required treatment to prevent their deaths. There were significant differences between the groups in the magnitude of parasitaemia; reduction of packed cell volume and antibody titres is an indication that the pre-treatment with the acidic fraction of the laboratory strain had induced significant protection against the heterologous field strain. Problems in the field use of a babesial vaccine include concomitant field infection with tick-borne fever, the need for a suitable adjuvant and a study of lysates of different strains of B. divergens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of antigenic proteins from erythrocytes parasitised with Babesia divergens and a comparison of their immunising potential.

Soluble proteins present in the supernatant prepared from a sonicated lysate of concentrated erythrocytes infected with Babesia divergens were separated by isoelectric focussing into acidic and non acidic fractions. The acidic fraction was further separated by passage through Concanavalin A Sepharose (Con A) into two fractions, the first (Fraction 2) consisting of proteins plus one glycoprotein which did not bind to Con A, the second of glycoproteins (Fraction 1) which were eluted after binding to Con A. One group of six cows was treated with three injections of Fraction 2 with incomplete Freunds adjuvant (IFA); two other groups received the same number of injections of Fraction 1, one with IFA, the other with glucan as adjuvant. These cows plus an untreated control group were infected with 10(5) erythrocytes infected with a heterologous isolate of B. divergens. Only the group treated with Fraction 2 (Group 1) resisted lethal multiplication of the parasite. There were significant differences in magnitude of parasitaemia, reduction of packed cell volume and antibody titres between Group 1 and the other groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of early season suppressive anthelmintic prophylactic methods for parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in calves.

A comparison was made of the material costs and effectiveness of three methods of early season suppression by anthelmintic medication of Ostertagia species and two of Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves, each method suppressing faecal egg output for different lengths of time from the start of spring grazing. The anthelmintics used were: Morantel bolus administered five days before going to grazing; oxfendazole given three times at three, six and nine weeks after the start of grazing and ivermectin injected three, eight and 13 weeks after going to pasture. The effectiveness of each was estimated by comparison with worm numbers in untreated control calves. Oxfendazole, which was active for the shortest time (about 65 days) from the start of grazing (May 1), produced a 78.1 per cent reduction in Ostertagia species and an 84.4 per cent reduction in D viviparus. The morantel bolus was estimated to be active for 90 days and resulted in a 94.3 per cent reduction of Ostertagia species. The ivermectin treatment, which, because of the prolonged excretion of the chemical and different sensitivity of worm species, was estimated to suppress Ostertagia species for 105 days and D viviparus for 119 days, caused reductions of 98.7 per cent of the former and 97.4 per cent of the latter species. Material costs per calf were estimated at pounds 1.25 for oxfendazole, pounds 2.00 for ivermectin and pounds 10 for the morantel bolus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Beneficial effects of diltiazem combined with beta blockade in angina pectoris.

The effects of combining diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, with beta adrenergic blockade were evaluated in 11 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. All patients had stable angina pectoris and were receiving oral beta blocking therapy. Symptomatic, metabolic, coronary and systemic haemodynamic responses were monitored at rest and during atrial pacing. Following the administration of diltiazem, resting arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate fell significantly with no adverse effects on left ventricular function. During pacing diltiazem produced significant decreases in rate-pressure product and myocardial oxygen consumption. As a consequence there was a significant increase in mean pacing time to angina from 151 +/- 42 to 406 +/- 72 s (P less than 0.001). Concomitantly, myocardial lactate extraction was improved significantly from mean lactate production of -2 +/- 12% to mean lactate extraction of 12 +/- 7% (P less than 0.05). This study indicates that intravenous diltiazem can be administered to patients receiving chronic oral beta blockade without adverse haemodynamic effects and that combination therapy has significant beneficial effects in coronary artery disease.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Beneficial effects of diltiazem and propranolol, alone and in combination, in patients with stable angina pectoris.

The antianginal effects of diltiazem 180 mg/day and propranolol 240 mg/day, alone and in combination, were investigated in 15 patients with effort related angina in a double blind placebo controlled crossover trial, with each period of treatment lasting four weeks. Patients performed a symptom limited treadmill exercise test at the end of each period of treatment. Mean (SEM) time to onset of angina was increased from 293(32) s when receiving placebo to 347(38) s when receiving diltiazem alone, to 350(30) s when receiving propranolol alone, and further to 421(34) s when receiving diltiazem and propranolol combined. Similar changes occurred in the duration of exercise testing and time to 1 mm ST segment depression. The sum of ST segment depression at peak exercise was reduced by both diltiazem and propranolol alone compared with placebo, and combination treatment produced a further significant improvement. Rate pressure product was significantly reduced at rest and at peak exercise after propranolol alone and combination treatment. The study clearly showed the superior value of diltiazem and propranolol combined in effort related angina when compared with either drug used alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Eating more and enjoying it less: U.S. prison diets for women.

A study of weight gain and dietary adequacy among female prisoners was conducted by studying inmate weight changes, nutritional values of prison diets and consumption patterns in a jail cafeteria. Inmates were found to incur significant weight gains (Mean = 14 lbs.); their diets were inadequate nutritively, and were consumed in such a way as to exacerbate the inadequacies. The authors conclude that some of these problems could be ameliorated by changing ingredients, preparation, and the role of food in the prisoner's life, although for certain categories of prisoners with specific health conditions (e.g., pregnancy), adequate diets will require major adjustments in jail and prison food management.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The immunization of cattle against Babesia divergens with fractions of parasitized erythrocytes.

A lysate of erythrocytes infected with Babesia divergens was subjected to isoelectric focusing within a pH range of 3.5-9.5. The focused proteins were split into 2 fractions depending on pH (1) those from 3.5-6.5 and (2) those from 6.5-9.5. The acidic fraction was used as an immunogen for groups of 5 adult cows using 2 different adjuvants, saponin and a mixture of muramyldipeptide (MDP) and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Two other groups of 5 cows were simultaneously treated with the alkaline fraction and a sample of the complete lysate with the MDP/IFA adjuvant. The treated cows plus a control group were infected with 2.5 X 10(8) erythrocytes infected with a homologous strain of B. divergens. When compared with the controls all pre-treated groups were protected to some degree. There were significant differences between the treated groups with the group which received MDP/IFA combined with the acidic fraction showing most resistance to the infection. The experiment also showed that the MDP/IFA adjuvant produced more protection than the saponin.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

Beneficial effects of diltiazem in coronary artery disease.

The effects of the new calcium channel blocking agent diltiazem were evaluated in 11 patients with stable angina pectoris and confirmed obstructive coronary artery disease at rest and during rapid atrial pacing. Symptomatic, metabolic, coronary, and systemic haemodynamic indices were monitored at rest and during pacing induced ischaemia. At rest, after the administration of intravenous diltiazem, potent vasodilator effects were observed with a significant fall in mean blood pressure and an increase in cardiac index. Importantly, however, the systemic vasodilator effect of diltiazem was associated with no significant increase in heart rate. During pacing there was similar decrease in mean blood pressure after diltiazem, and mean pacing time to angina increased significantly. Three patients did not develop angina on repeat pacing. Coupled with an improved pacing time to angina there was a significant improvement in myocardial lactate extraction during pacing, changing from lactate production to lactate extraction after diltiazem. This study confirms the antianginal effects of diltiazem and suggests that this agent may have advantages in the management of angina pectoris. The results suggest that diltiazem may exert its beneficial effect not only by reducing afterload reduction but also by a direct metabolic effect on the myocardium.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1983

The effect of route of administration of a Babesia divergens inactivated vaccine on protection against homologous challenge.

Two groups of 5 adult cows were immunized with a concentrated lysate of blood from a splenectomized calf infected with Babesia divergens with a parasitaemia of 20 per cent. The lysate was administered in 2 doses with a 14-day interval between them; it was injected subcutaneously to one group and intravenously to the other. Nineteen days after the second inoculation, both groups plus a third group of similar cows which acted as controls were infected subcutaneously with blood containing 10(9) B. divergens of the same strain, and clinical and haematological variables were monitored closely for 3 weeks. Both pretreated groups were much less seriously affected than the controls, with the group inoculated subcutaneously showing the least effects due to the challenge infection. It was concluded that protection could be induced against infections of B. divergens by injection of inactivated parasites of the same strain, and that subcutaneous inoculation was preferable to intravenous.

Animals↗