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Biomedical subjects

J Kennedy

Publications and source records attributed to J Kennedy.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Triplet pregnancies.

Fifteen triplet gestations delivered over 23 years beginning with 1954 are reviewed. The mortality rate was 7.1% in the gestation period of 28 weeks or more. This mortality rate compares favorably with the 15% to 50% rate reported in the literature. Among the third babies of each set, there was a mortality rate of 14.3%, again confirming the high mortality rate reported in the literature. Morbidity in triplet gestations was equally elevated. Although the data do not suggest what the best method of delivery is, the increased morbidity and mortality for the third baby of the set delivered vaginally implies that a more liberal use of cesarean section may reduce the potential risks for that baby. Also, among the eight cesarean sections performed in pregnancies at 28 weeks of gestation or more that have been reported in the literature, none of the babies died during the neonatal period.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1981

Tissue and urinary glycosaminoglycan patterns associated with a fast, an intermediate, and a slow-growing Morris hepatoma.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) in different behavioral-histological types of i.m.-transplanted hepatomas and in the liver and urine of animals bearing these tumors. Groups of 10 Buffalo rats carrying fast-growing (7777), intermediate (5123tc), and slow-growing (9618A) Morris hepatomas were studied as the tumors reached 3 cm. Urinary and tissue GAG's were isolated by proteolysis, separated as cetylpyridinium complexes, and measured as uronic acid. The GAG's were further purified using anion-exchange chromatography and characterized with mucopolysaccharidases. Tissue GAG,s were also evaluated histochemically using Alcian blue staining and mucopolysaccharidases. Tissue from fast-growing, intermediate, and slow-growing tumors exhibited greater GAG levels than did normal liver in the hyaluronic acid (0.4 M NaCl-soluble) fraction and in the chondroitin sulfate-heparan sulfate (1.2 M NaCl-soluble) fraction. The livers of tumor-bearing animals exhibited GAG levels similar to those of normal liver. Increased urinary GAG excretion was appreciated in animals bearing Tumors 5123tc and 9618A but not in those bearing Tumor 7777.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Studies of hydroxyurea administered by continuous infusion: toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and cell synchronization.

Hydroxyurea was administered by means of two schedules designed to provide continuous 72-hour exposure of tumor cells to therapeutic drug levels. Toxicity and pharmacokinetics were determined for both an oral pulse dose schedule (every 4 hours x 18 doses) and continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for 72 hours. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) was 800 mg/m2 every 4 hours for the oral route and 3.0 mg/m2/min x 72 hours for IV infusion. Granulocytopenia was dose-limiting for both schedules and correlated well with plasma-HU levels. Serial sampling of normal bone marrow (10 patients) and tumor tissue (3 patients) showed a modest degree of synchronization induced by continuous IV infusion of hydroxyurea. Interindividual pharmacokinetic variations severely limit the usefulness of the oral pulse schedule as a potential means of synchronizing cells. Hydroxyurea administered by continuous IV infusion may be useful as a synchronizing agent in humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Injuries in Rugby League football.

All injuries occurring in the top three grades of a New South Wales club were documented over a one-year period (1978). Two hundred and four injuries were recorded and over half of these injuries (51%) occurred in the lower limbs. The injury rate was calculated at one injury per 3.6 man hours of play. There was a significant difference in the type of injury sustained by forwards and backs, the forwards receiving more cuts, bruises and haematomas, and fewer joint injuries. This difference is probably because of the nature of the game played by these subgroups.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Pseudomonas sternotomy wound infection and sternal osteomyelitis. Complications after open heart surgery.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa sternotomy wound infections occurred in five patients who underwent open heart surgery. The initial isolate in each case was from a mediastinal chest tube routinely cultured on removal. Soft-tissue infection developed in two patients, and sternal osteomyelitis developed in three patients. Pseudomonas-typing studies showed a correlation between five isolates from chest-tube suction pumps used postoperatively and the wound isolates. Analysis of antibiograms of Pseudomonas wound isolates from the cardiac surgery ward from 1975 to 1977 showed eight of 15 with the same antibiogram as the sternotomy pathogens, compared with two of 13 isolates from other wards.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1978

Casualty room presentations and schoolboy rugby union.

For eight years a casualty station has been operating during competition Rugby Union matches at a large Sydney School. During this time, both diagnosis and treatment have been recorded for every presentation. The casualty station was attended by 556 boys over this period, and approximately 50% of these presentations were for trivial injuries. Forty-three severe injuries occurred, of which most were fractures. The rate of presentation, and the pattern of injury, changed as a greater number of both minor and major injuries than did visitors. There was one injury in boys less than 12 years old, and the greatest incidence of injury was in boys aged from 16 to 18 years. It is concluded that there is a place for casualty services at schoolboy competition games, and that the supervised Rugby Union played in this and comparative school competitions is a reasonably safe game for boys less than 16 years old, to whom issues of schoolboy participation are most applicable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Enzymic and substrate basis for the anaplerotic step in guard cells.

From the maximum rate of malate accumulation in Vicia faba L. guard cells during stomatal opening the maximum rate of organic anion synthesis is calculated to be 200 millimoles per kilogram dry weight per hour. A minimum estimate for the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase-catalyzed reaction in guard cells is 650 millimoles per kilogram dry weight per hour which is significantly higher than in any other leaf tissue. The apparent K(mpep) of the guard cell enzyme is 60 mum at pH 8.7, but is probably higher at lower pH. The concentration of PEP in guard cells was 270mum (=2.2 x 10(-15) moles/guard cell pair) during anion synthesis. These results support the possibility that the carboxylation of PEP is the anaplerotic step in guard cells.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Electro-encephalographic investigations in myalgic encephalomyelitis.

The main EEG features are described of thirty-six young adults who were examined at the Royal Free Hospital between 1960 and 1964 and twelve children seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, between 1957 and 1977. It is important in the future, if a plan is considered for the study of a fresh epidemic, to include systematic EEG studies covering a period of 2 to 3 years. The EEG alterations found in this limited survey, though modest, would suggest that cerebral function was disturbed with somewhat variable distribution by an insidious illness which has not yet been identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of chaotropic agents versus detergents on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.

As chaotropic salts are generally believed to affect water structure in a manner which increases lipophilicity of water, they may seem to be capable of substituting for detergents in the solubilization of particulate enzyme. Although solubilization either by detergents or by chaotropic salts has been demonstrated with several membrane proteins, the effects these agents have on the properties and activity of an enzyme may be quite different. This is illustrated by the effects on mammalian mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Stability of the solubilized enzymic activity is dependnet on the presence of a detergent and maximum enzymic activity is observed at the critical micelle concentration of the detergent. Addition of low concentrations of various anions of the chaotropic series further enhances activity while higher concentrations of these anions, although increasing solubility of the enzyme, irreversibly inhibit catalysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Therapeutic approach to pancreatic extract-induced hyperuricosuria in cystic fibrosis.

The relationship between the dosage of pancreatic extract and the excretion of uric acid was investigated in 29 patients with cystic fibrosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Urinary excretion of uric acid was normal in patients receiving small doses of pancreatic extracts and abnormally high in those receiving large amounts. In the latter group, normouricosuria was achieved by reducing the dose of pancreatic extract. Normal stool patterns and adequate weight gains were preserved by a diet modification that was well accepted by the patients. To eliminate the potential renal consequences of hyperuricosuria, it seems appropriate to control the need for increasing amounts of pancreatic enzymes by limiting the dietary intake of fat and maintaining a positive caloric and nitrogen balance with high intake of protein and carbohydrates and supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1977

Controlled trial of bicarbonate therapy in high-risk premature newborn infants.

Sixty-two high-risk acidemic premature newborn infants, given maintenance intravascular infusions of 10% glucose, were assigned to liberal or restricted sodium bicarbonate treatment groups. Those infants in the liberal group received 5 to 15 mEq bicarbonate/dl 10% glucose, depending on the degree of acidosis. Among infants given bicarbonate, correction of pH was not more rapid and mortality was not decreased. Instead, there was a small increase in the number of deaths, but the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was similar to that in infants not given bicarbonate.

Acidosis↗