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Biomedical subjects

J Kelstrup

Publications and source records attributed to J Kelstrup.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

The medical component in fact-finding missions.

Fact-finding missions (FFMs) are useful instruments in examining allegations of human rights violations. The United Nations Convention against Torture and other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment include the possibility for FFMs. The role of the medical profession in FFMs is discussed, and it is recommended that doctors should be included in FFMs to document allegations of torture and other human rights abuses.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of different measurements of development of plaque and gingivitis in man.

The purpose of the present study was to compare efficiency of measurements commonly used to study the development of plaque and gingivitis in short-term clinical trials. Data from a recent experiment on the effect of mutanase on accumulation of plaque and development of gingivitis were used. Efficiency was compared using 1) level of significance and 2) minimum number of individuals necessary to obtain a statistically significant result at a given level of significance and with a given power of the test. Of all the measurements used, the gingival exudate measurement was the most efficient. Among the nonparametric indices, Plaque Index was the most efficient, especially on proximal surfaces in the mandible. Reduction of the scales for the nonparametric indices from a four-point scale to a two-point (dichotomous) scale slightly reduced experimental efficiency.

Chewing Gum↗
PubMed1979

Surface ultrastructure of some oral bacteria.

Adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and an Actinomyces sp. to enamel and epon and their interspecies cohesion was studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For adhesion studies enamel or epon was coated with salivary macromolecules and then cells of S. sanguis and in some experiments also with F. nucleatum or Actinomyces sp. Cells of S. sanguis were seen scattered over the surface of a thin "pellicle" that was heavily stained, and F. nucleatum and Actinomyces sp. adhered to S. sanguis or directly to the "pellicle". For studies of cohesion S. sanguis was brought to cohere with F. nucleatum or Actinomyces sp. and then processed for transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the cell surface structures involved was studied in negatively stained preparations or in thin sections of material treated with ruthenium red or poststained with uranyl and lead salts, phosphotungstic acid or periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide. S. sanguis demonstrated a fuzzy coat of fimbriae that seemed to unfold in areas of contact with other cells, while cells of F. nucleatum had 6-10 polar pilus-like fimbriae, which appeared to be instrumental in cohesion, as did a dense coat of long, slender fimbriae that covered cells of Actinomyces sp.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1978

Reduction of the formation of dental plaque and gingivitis in humans by crude mutanase.

The effect of a Trichoderma harzianum enzyme preparation containing mutanase (alpha-1,3 glucan glucanohydrolase) on plaque accumulation and composition and on occurrence of gingivitis was assessed in 20 persons in a double-blind cross-over investigation. The enzyme preparation was administered in chewing gum. Two test periods of 1 week were preceded by scaling and cleansing of the teeth, oral hygiene instruction, and controlled hygiene for at least 3 weeks. Oral hygiene measures were discontinued during the test periods, while the persons chewed six pieces of chewing gum per day, one half using enzyme-containing gum, and the other half using placebo gum. The test periods were identical, only enzyme gum was used instead of placebo, or vice versa. Evaluations of plaque and gingivitis showed that less plaque had accumulated and less gingivitis developed during the enzyme than during the placebo period, but bacteriologic studies of interproximal plaque did not reveal differences that could explain the clinical findings. Treatment with the enzyme preparation caused some local side effects, but no primary skin irritation, delayed hypersensitivity, nor anti-enzyme IgE was detected in any of the persons.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Cell-mediated immunity in juvenile periodontitis and levamisole treatment.

Immunostimulation with levamisole was attempted in eight patients with juvenile periodontitis and six reference patients with gingivitis but without loss of periodontal attachment. The following parameters were studied before and after levamisole treatment: gingival status, the concentration of serum immunoglobulins and complement, T and B lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte transformation responses by dental plaque bacteria, PPD or PHA, and lymphocyte ATP-ase activity. In juvenile periodontitis cell-mediated immunity to dental plaque antigens seemed to be impaired, but the response was not restored by treatment with levamisole. There was no evidence of a broader suppression of cell-mediated immunity in juvenile periodontitis and there was no significant clinical effect of levamisole treatment. It is suggested that the apparent suppression of in vitro cell-mediated immunity to dental plaque bacteria in juvenile periodontitis is a secondary change, caused by a long-standing chronic infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Enzymes as denture cleansers.

It was the purpose of the study to test the efficiency of dextranase, mutanase, and protease in removing denture plaque. The study group comprised 100 denture-wearers with denture stomatitis. The enzymes were dispensed as dissolvent tablets either in pure or in mixed preparations. Placebo tablets and Steradent, a commercial denture cleanser, were used as control tablets. The following parameters were studied: the amount of denture plaque, the degree of palatal erythema, and the concentration of yeast cells and inflammatory cells in mucosal and denture smears. The study was designed and carried out as a double-blind study. The dissolvent tablets containing the enzymes in mixed preparations were more effective than the tablets containing the pure enzymes, the placebo tablets, or the Steradent tablets. The beneficial effect of the mixed enzyme preparations included a significant reduction of the amount of denture plaque and an improvement of the clinical condition of the palatal mucosa.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Microbial aggregate contamination of water lines in dental equipment and its control.

Water from some dental clinics has been examined and found to be discoloured, badly tasting and with a foul odour. Moreover, brown or black flakes were often present in tap water, as well as in the water lines of dental equipment. Examination by phase-contrast and electron microscope showed the flakes to consist of aggregated fungi and bacteria, and similar structures were found in a layer on the inner surfaces of the clinics water tubes and pipes. The ultrastructure of some aggregating microorganisms, including fungal hyphae and sheath-forming and stalked bacteria, was studied in detail, and several modes of aggregation were suggested. Cultivation of contaminated water samples revealed the presence of filamentous fungi, including Cladosporium and Cephalosporium, and of non-fluorescent Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, and Moraxella (?). Removal of microorganisms from the walls of the tubing was effectively accomplished by rinsing with the non-corrosive solution of 4 per cent Tween 80, coloured with Ponceau 4 R.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

International aspects of oral microbiology.

It appears that the bacteria of the mouth are remarkably similar throughout the world. There are differences, but they are mostly of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature. Although much is yet to be learned on the regulation of the oral ecosystems, these quantitative fluctuations to a large extent seem to be induced by different dietary patterns: the food exerting a strong selective pressure on the oral microbiota.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Synthesis of bacteriocins in liquid cultures of Streptococcus mutans.

Strains of Streptococcus mutans synthesized bacteriocins in agar plates, but synthesis of detectable bacteriocins in liquid media took place only under certain culture conditions. The composition of the medium proved to be crucial. Trypticase Soy Broth with 4% Yeast Extract meeting the requirements. The effect of the Yeast Extract is obscure, for some strains also formed detectable bacteriocins in a special Trypticase medium without this agent. It was noted that the broth should be filter-sterilized rather than autoclaved and only a few days old. Attempts at liberating cell-bound bacteriocins from washed cells were unsuccessful, even when they were treated with ultrasound, EDTA, or various chemicals followed by ultrasound. On the basis of size and sensitivity to heat the bacteriocins could be divided into two groups, while their resistance to ether and chloroform and to trypsin did not follow this pattern. Dependence on plasmids could not be demonstrated by attempts at curing with acridine orange or ethidium bromide; and the involvement of phages was unlikely, since the inhibition was not transmissible and phage-like structures were not observed in the electron microscope.

Bacteriocins↗