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Biomedical subjects

J Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to J Kelly.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Organotin compounds in trimethyltin-treated rats and in human brain in Alzheimer's disease.

As blood tin concentrations are elevated in Alzheimer's disease and as some low molecular weight organotin compounds are neurotoxic, we have attempted to detect organotins in brain in Alzheimer's Disease. First we measured the concentration of trimethyltin (TMT) in the brains of rats which had been exposed to memory-impairing concentrations of TMT and, as the method of linking hydride generation, cryogenic trapping, gas chromotographic separation and atomic absorption spectrophotometric detection permitted the measurements of organotin compounds when the total tin was greater than 0.2 nanograms, we applied these techniques to human brain tissue, some of which showed neuropathological evidence of Alzheimer's Disease. No low molecular weight organotin compounds were detected in the human brain tissue, but it is possible that tin may be complexed with large organic molecules, the hydrides of which would not be volatile, but which could be identified by liquid chromatography.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Prescribed drugs and iatrogenic disease.

Prescribed drugs can cause side-effects and adverse reactions and can interact with other medications. Factors such as age, disease and idiosyncratic responses can cause drug intolerance in some people. Nurses must be able to provide patients with appropriate information to ensure the safe administration of their drugs.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMed1997

Ruptured hepatoma presenting with peritonitis and acute lactic acidosis.

A case is reported in which a large hepatoma presented with rupture and acute severe lactic acidosis. Spontaneous rupture is a rare but recognised mode of presentation of hepatoma. Malignancy has also occasionally been associated with acute lactic acidosis, though the association with hepatoma has not previously been reported.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1997

An overview of the population in Europe and North America.

This article is based on information from Trends in Europe, the statistical yearbook of the Economic Commission for Europe. It highlights some of the key population and health statistics for member countries, using the most recent data available--generally for 1995--collected from a wide range of national and international sources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Separation and characterization of O-deacylated lipooligosaccharides and glycans derived from Moraxella catarrhalis using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry.

Electrophoretic methods have been developed for the analysis of complex carbohydrates derived from lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of Moraxella catarrhalis using capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (CE-ESMS). Separation of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) arising from mild hydrazinolysis of the intact lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was achieved using aqueous ammonium formate, and enabled identification of sites of heterogeneity (phosphates, phosphoethanolamine, and pendant acyl groups) on either the lipid A or the core oligosaccharide. More complex mixtures of carbohydrates obtained from the complete deacylation and dephosphorylation of LOS were amendable to electrophoretic conditions using both anionic and cationic separation. In particular, electrophoretic conditions were developed which permitted resolution of closely related oligosaccharides according to the number of carbohydrate residues appended to the core structure. Structural characterization of carbohydrates and LOS released from the hydrazinolysis and acid hydrolysis treatment of the intact LPS was achieved using tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) for samples introduced by direct flow injection. Taken together, the combination of CE-ESI-MS and MS-MS analyses provided valuable information on the heterogeneity of the LOS population in which a significant level of variability was found mostly in the lipid A portion.

Acylation↗
PubMed1996

Hemodynamic effects of intravenous elgodipine in coronary artery disease during rest and exercise, and basic pharmacokinetic parameters.

Using an echo-Doppler method (Quantascope), the hemodynamic profile of the calcium channel antagonist elgodipine (64 micrograms/kg, i.v.) was investigated in 22 patients with angina pectoris at rest and during exercise. A placebo control was used. At rest, elgodipine significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while increasing cardiac output and stroke volume. During supine bicycle exercise the constant workload, elgodipine significantly increased cardiac output and stroke volume, and decrease the rate-pressure-product (double product); the exercise systolic blood pressure was decreased without change in the diastolic component. Elgodipine significantly reduced the incidence and severity (self-rated pain score) of exercise-induced anginal systems. Heart rate was not affected by elgodipine, either at rest or during exercise. In particular, no negative inotropy could be inferred from the echo-Doppler data. In the elgodipine plasma concentration profile (HPLC), three phases of elimination with half-life times of less than 1 hour, between 3 and 7 hours, and between 10 and 24 hours may be distinguished, indicating a "shallow" and a "deep" compartment. The hemodynamic data indicate an intermediate pharmacodynamic profile of elgodipine, lying between that of other dihydropyridines and that od compounds such as verapamil or diltiazem.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Platinum metal concentrations in urban road dust and soil in the United Kingdom.

Concentrations of Pt, Pd, Rh and Au in soils and road dusts taken from areas of high and low traffic flows in the London Borough of Richmond and from a section of the Kingston bypass (A3) at New Malden, Surrey, have been measured. High concentrations of platinum are associated with high traffic densities. Samples taken from streets of lower traffic flows were found to contain the lower concentrations of the ranges. These values correlated well with the levels of lead which were also high at roundabouts. If the preliminary results obtained in this study apply more generally throughout the UK, then the potential for exposure to enhanced levels of Pt would appear to be higher for road users and for those living in urban environments or along major highways.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Reflective practice: reviewing the issues and refocusing the debate.

Reflective practice has emerged in the U.K. and beyond as an important issue not just in nursing but in many other professions. However, it remains problematic; it is difficult to conceptualize and many aspects of it are open to debate. Reflective practice is also contentious because, at a fundamental level, it raises a number of important issues for professional practitioners and the way they view their practice. The intention of this paper is to: explore some of the issues that have emerged as the profession of nursing and other professions have gained a better understanding of reflective practice; broaden the scope of the debate and refocus it; raise issues which are in need of further research.

Holistic Nursing↗
PubMed1996

Evidence for the presence of G-proteins, adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C activities in lymphatic smooth muscle cell membranes.

In plasma membranes derived from bovine mesenteric lymphatic smooth muscle cells, guanine nucleotide and forskolin stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in a concentration-dependent manner, indicative of the presence of the stimulatory G-protein Gs linked to AC. There was no significant enzyme inhibition by low concentrations of guanine nucleotide and no effect on basal or guanine nucleotide-stimulated activity following pertussis toxin treatment of cells, suggesting the absence of Gi linked to inhibition of AC. Furthermore, there was no effect of adrenaline, isoprenaline or clonidine on basal or forskolin-stimulated activities, nor was there any specific binding of the beta-adrenoceptor ligand [125I]cyanopindolol to membranes, suggesting that catecholamine receptors do not modulate AC activity in these membranes. Pertussis toxin-mediated ADP ribosylation of membrane proteins and Western immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of G-protein subunits G alpha i2, G alpha q, and G beta 1. In experiments designed to identify a possible effector enzyme for these G-proteins, membranes were screened with a range of antibodies raised against phospholipase C (PLC) beta, gamma and delta isozymes. Though no evidence was obtained by Western blotting for any of these proteins, PLC activity was concentration-dependently stimulated by Ca2+, but not by AIF4-, GTP[S], or purified G beta gamma subunits. Finally, no specific binding to membranes of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor ligand [3H]prazosin or the alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligand [3H]yohimbine was obtained. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for a Gs-dependent stimulation of AC, and for the presence of Gi2 and Gq/11, which do not appear to regulate a PLC activity also identified in lymphatic smooth muscle cell membranes. Furthermore, neither AC nor PLC appear to be associated with catecholamine receptors.

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
PubMed1996

After Cairo.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1996

Beta 3-adrenoceptors mediating relaxation of the oesophageal tunica muscularis mucosae and distal colon in the rat: comparative pharmacology and their desensitization by BRL 37344.

1. In the rat isolated distal colon and oesophagus, relaxant responses to (-)-isoprenaline were poorly antagonized by propranolol (0.1 microM), suggesting an involvement of beta 3-adrenoceptors. 2. In the presence of propranolol the rank order of potency for the agonist-induced relaxations was similar in the two tissues. 3. BRL 37344 was a partial agonist relative to isoprenaline in the colon but when a single maximal concentration of BRL 37344 (1 microM) was added, a full relaxation was observed. 4. BRL 37344 desensitized responses to isoprenaline in both the colon and oesophagus. 5. (+/-)-Cyanopindolol (1.0 microM) antagonized the relaxatory responses to both isoprenaline and BRL 37344 in the distal colon and oesophagus and reduced the desensitizing effect of BRL 37344. 6. The present study demonstrates that the beta-adrenoceptors mediating relaxation in both the rat isolated distal colon and oesophagus are of the beta 3-adrenoceptor subtype. Desensitization appears to result from the binding of BRL 37344 to the beta 3-adrenoceptor in a manner which is blockable by cyanopindolol.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1996

Hospital design--the end of history?

The paper considers societal and technology changes which are causing us to rethink hospital design. It calls for technology decentralisation and bed flexibility to allow for seasonal and severity patient beds. The authors conclude that is not the end of the hospital but the beginning of an exciting new era.

Architecture↗
PubMed1996

Placenta previa increta diagnosed at 18 weeks' gestation. Report of a case with sonographic and pathologic correlation.

BACKGROUND: Placenta previa incerta, although uncommon, assumes considerable clinical significance because of the morbidity associated with severe hemorrhage, uterine perforation and infection. The majority of cases are unanticipated and initially identified intraoperatively. CASE: Placenta accreta was diagnosed sonographically at 18 weeks' gestation in a multipara who had previously undergone cesarean delivery. Additionally, the gestation was complicated by chronic renal failure secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. After appropriate counseling, total abdominal hysterectomy was performed prior to fetal viability. CONCLUSION: Early sonographic evaluation of the placenta is recommended for those at significant risk of invasive placentation. Timely detection facilitates proper preparation and should reduce maternal morbidity.

Adult↗