[Tuberculosis in children].
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
J Karam Bechara
Publications and source records attributed to J Karam Bechara.
[Tuberculous meningitis: a 10-year analysis at the "Dr. Federico Gómez" Children's Hospital of Mexico].
Of all the forms of tuberculous infection in children, the most frequent is the pulmonary, but the tuberculous meningitis is the most severe and mortal, it occurs mainly in children under five years old, and the highest mortality is in children under two. The results of a retrospective study carried out at the Children Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Federico Gómez" about all the patients hospitalized with tuberculous meningitis diagnose during the January 1975 to December 1985 period were presented. One hundred and eighteen cases were studied: the majority (80%) corresponded to children under four years old, a percentage of 79 presented some degree of malnutrition, and 86 per cent showed clinical data of neurological affection. The confirmation of the diagnose was made in the majority of cases through laboratory and cabinet studies. Forty per cent showed no alteration in the chest X-rays, and the isolation of the bacillus was in a very low percentage (15%). All the patients were treated with the antituberculous drugs mentioned, with a better development in the ones associated with steroids. The hospital stay was over 30 days in 15 per cent of the cases. The mortality of the series reviewed was 44.5 per cent.
Adolescent↗
[Primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children under 2 years of age (22 cases)].
In order to stress the problems of our hospital, the experience of the Pneumology Service during August 1975 through July 1976 was reviewed. This practice was deemed necessary considering that tuberculosis disease is still important in children but specially in those under two years of age. It is necessary that every child be vaccinated during its first year of life and if this takes place there will be a wider protection against the disease, but specially, complications to the central nervous system will be avoided which are main causes of death in these children. When the parameters to reach a diagnosis of the disease are negative, but still there is a clinical suspicion, one must take advantage of experienced technicians to deliver whether or not it is convenient to initiate a therapeutic test. Finally, we consider that the solution to this problem lies chiefly on preventive procedures including good nutrition, B.C.G. vaccination, improvement of social and economic conditions of the family and hygienic measures.
Female↗
[Child with chronic cough].
One of the symptoms most frequently encountered in the daily pediatric practice is cough. Most acute pictures are responsible for viral processes. However, chronicity calls for more specific laboratory studies, since the etiology is multifactorial.
Adolescent↗
[Sinusitis as a frequent cause of chronical bronchitis].
The pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis is not limited to pure infections as there may be a number of precipitating factors, like the air we breath, which is loaded with minute organic and inorganic particles that come into combination with soluble and insoluble gases penetrating through the respiratory ducts causing severe distant lesions or accumulation of secretions in upper respiratory tract that may be responsible for important disturbances in the ventilation producing repetition bronchitis. Such relationship is known as sinobronchial syndrome. This report includes 40 cases seen at the Hospital Infantil de México and studied in detail as to the pathophysiologic aspects. The results obtained were based on previous history, clinical picture, x-ray studies of paranasal sinuses and chest; bacteriological studies, hematologic and immunological aspects. The preschool age was the most frequent and males predominated over females. The outstanding symptom was coughing. Ten per cent of the patients were being treated as tuberculous and 8% as repetition amygdalitis. Out of the cases studied, 16 were operated (amygdalectomy) and out of these, antrostomy was done to 3, besides the administration of bronchodilators, antihistaminics, steroids and antibiotics of the penicillin type and derivatives.
Bronchitis↗