Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Kaldor.
Aldolase levels were estimated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infectious diseases of the central nervous system. A significant rise was found in bacterial and cryptococcal meningitis but the investigation failed to elucidate the source and clinical significance of the elevated activity.
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Latent class analysis provides a useful framework for the analysis of epidemiological data which may have been mismeasured. In this paper, the latent class model is described in the context of logistic regression with categorical variables, and some examples of its application are provided. In particular, it is shown that adjustment for a misclassified confounding variable can be greatly improved by using the methods presented.
The method for making non-parametric inferences about the probability distribution of the incubation period for AIDS from transfusion-related AIDS data is extended to include data on individuals who have tested positive for HIV but do not have AIDS at the time of analysis. The method is illustrated with data on individuals infected by transfusion in Australia. The shape of the incubation distribution, as represented by the truncated distribution function, can be estimated, but the additional data contribute very little to the estimation of this shape. With a general non-parametric form for the incubation distribution the additional data do not overcome the identifiability problem that exists for non-parametric estimation of this distribution from AIDS data alone. If quarterly rates for HIV testing are specified, the additional data make it possible to estimate the cumulative distribution function for the incubation period. This is also possible when a simple parametric form, with one or two unknown parameters, is used for the testing rates. However, the additional data do not allow effective estimation of the HIV testing rates. The estimated shape of the incubation distribution indicates a higher proportion of short incubation periods than an earlier estimate based on U.S. data. Estimates for the incubation distribution itself do not vary much over a plausible range of HIV testing rates.