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Biomedical subjects

J Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to J Kaiser.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The effect of prosthetic alignment on relative limb loading in persons with trans-tibial amputation: a preliminary report.

The prosthetic sockets of 14 independent persons with unilateral trans-tibial (BK) amputation were mounted on an adjustable alignment pylon. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded in neutral prosthetic alignment and in 10 degrees of prosthetic socket varus, valgus, flexion, and extension. Stance phase time, peak vertical ground reaction force, and impulse were all found to be increased on the sound limb when compared to the amputated residual limb. Significant differences were found in stance phase time and peak vertical ground reaction force when comparing malaligned with neutrally aligned prosthetic limbs. Significant differences were also seen in impulse between neutrally aligned and malaligned prosthetic limbs. The results suggest that prosthetic malalignment in persons with trans-tibial amputation leads to increased loading of the contralateral limb.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical response to sleep deprivation and auditory-evoked potentials--preliminary results.

The biological substrate of the antidepressant effect of total sleep deprivation (TSD) has not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, electrophysiological predictors for the response to TSD have not been studied extensively. The aim of present study was to examine the changes in acoustically evoked potentials (N1, P2, N2, P300) after a night of sleep deprivation and to analyze differences between responders and nonresponders. 17 depressive inpatients were studied. The most prominent changes in auditory evoked potentials (responders and nonresponders) were found for the amplitude of the P300 component. Differences between responders and nonresponders could be established for the amplitude and latencies in the N1 component. Responders showed smaller N1 amplitudes before TSD but a higher increase after TSD than nonresponders.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effects of the potent glucocorticoid budesonide on adhesion of eosinophils to human vascular endothelial cells and on endothelial expression of adhesion molecules.

An important early event in the formation of the allergic late-phase cellular infiltrate is the adhesion of eosinophils to vascular endothelium. Because glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of this late-phase inflammatory reaction, we examined the effect of the glucocorticoid budesonide on in vitro adhesion of human eosinophils to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Pretreatment of eosinophils, HUVEC or both with budesonide (10(-7) M) did not inhibit either baseline adhesion or that stimulated by interleukin-1 beta (50 U/ml, 4 hr) or interleukin-4 (100 U/ml, 21-23 hr) or the leukocyte activators N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10(-6) M, 10 min) or platelet-activating factor (10(-6) M, 10 min). Pretreatment of HUVEC with budesonide also failed to affect expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on resting HUVEC or after stimulation with interleukin-1 beta (10 U/ml, 4 hr), tumor necrosis factor (6 U/ml, 4 hr) or interleukin-4 (50 U/ml, 24 hr). Because budesonide failed to inhibit stimulus-induced eosinophil adhesion responses or endothelial adhesion molecule expression, we speculate that glucocorticoids inhibit the formation of eosinophil-enriched tissue infiltrates by inhibiting the production rather than the activity of eosinophil- or endothelial-activating factors or by altering the survival of eosinophils in tissues.

Budesonide↗
PubMed1993

Computerization of the Medical Quality Improvement program at a chronic care hospital.

Utilizing micro computer technology and a relational data base manager we have successfully computerized the Peer Review functions of the Medical Quality Improvement program at Monroe Community Hospital, a Chronic Care Hospital. The developed computer programs enhance patient care by focusing on potential practitioner errors. The programs allow for trend analysis and identify the disciplines to whom problems have been referred. This effort has pointed to the need of a standardized lexicon to describe and catalogue potential practitioner errors.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1992

IL-4 induces adherence of human eosinophils and basophils but not neutrophils to endothelium. Association with expression of VCAM-1.

The present studies were performed to explore potentially selective mechanisms of leukocyte adhesion in an attempt to understand how preferential recruitment of eosinophils and basophils might occur during allergic and other inflammatory reactions. Stimulation of human vascular endothelial cells for 24 h with IL-4 (30 to 1,000 U/ml) induced adhesion for eosinophils (up to approximately four-fold of control) and basophils (up to approximately twofold of control) but not neutrophils (less than 125% of control). Analysis of endothelial expression of adhesion molecules by flow cytometry revealed that IL-4 treatment induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression without significantly affecting the expression of other adhesion molecules, namely endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The concentration-response curve for IL-4-induced VCAM-1 expression paralleled that for adhesion. Endothelial cells stimulated with IL-4 expressed adhesive properties for eosinophils by 3 h; the response increased steadily during a 24-h time course study. Eosinophils and basophils adhered to plates coated with a recombinant form of VCAM-1. This adhesion was blocked with antibodies to VCAM-1 but not ELAM-1. mAb directed against either VCAM-1 or VLA-4 inhibited (by approximately 75%) the binding of eosinophils and basophils to IL-4-stimulated endothelial cells. Because VLA-4 and VCAM-1 have been demonstrated to bind to each other in other adhesion systems, these results suggest that IL-4 stimulates eosinophil and basophil adhesion by inducing endothelial cell expression of VCAM-1 which binds to eosinophil and basophil VLA-4. The lack of expression of VLA-4 on neutrophils and the failure of IL-4 to stimulate neutrophil adherence support this conclusion. It is proposed that local release of IL-4 in vivo in allergic diseases or after experimental allergen challenge may partly explain the enrichment of eosinophils and basophils (vs neutrophils) observed in these situations.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Influence of diazepam on prospective time estimation.

24 students, after intake of diazepam or placebo, performed a psychomotor test of finger tapping as a prospective time-estimation task. The task was less overestimated by those who were under the influence of the drug than by the 12 subjects to whom the placebo was given.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Single- versus dual-chamber sensor-driven pacing: comparison of cardiac outputs.

Previous studies have shown that single-chamber sensor-driven pacing improves exercise tolerance for patients with chronotropic incompetence. However, long-term single-chamber pacing has a number of inherent problems that limit its usefulness. Although sensor-driven dual-chamber pacing largely obviates the problems inherent with single-chamber sensor-driven pacing, the physiologic benefit of dual-chamber sensor-driven pacing has not yet been demonstrated. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare exercise-induced cardiac output for patients with chronotropic incompetence, after programming their pacemakers to either a simulated sensor-driven single or simulated dual-chamber mode. Cardiac output was measured noninvasively at rest and peak exercise using standard Doppler-derived measurements, obtained in a blinded fashion. At rest the Doppler-derived resting VVI and DDD cardiac outputs were 4.49 +/- 0.3 L/min and 4.68 +/- 0.3 L/min, respectively. At peak exercise, the DDD cardiac output was 5.07 +/- 0.5 L/min, whereas the simulated activity VVI and DDD cardiac outputs were 6.33 +/- 0.6 L/min and 7.41 +/- 0.70 L/min, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there was an overall significant difference in cardiac output from rest to peak exercise (p less than 0.001). However, only the simulated activity DDD cardiac output was significantly different from its respective control value (p less than 0.05). Thus this study shows for the first time that the addition of rate responsiveness to dual-chamber pacing results in a significant improvement in cardiac output for patients with chronotropic incompetence.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Dialysis-induced alterations in left ventricular filling: mechanisms and clinical significance.

Quantitative two-dimensional (2-D) and Doppler echocardiography were used to determine whether hemodialysis results in alterations in left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling that might contribute to dialysis-induced hypotension, as well as to assess whether any hemodynamic variables or indices of diastolic filling might be used to identify which patients were at the greatest risk of becoming hemodynamically unstable during dialysis. Sixteen male patients undergoing routine maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease were prospectively studied before and after hemodialysis. Following hemodialysis there was a significant prolongation (P less than 0.05) in LV isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), as well as a significant reduction in the rate and extent of early rapid ventricular filling (P less than 0.005); in contrast, late atrial-assisted filling did not change significantly. A multiple stepwise linear regression analysis of predialysis hemodynamic parameters and noninvasive indices of LV filling showed that there was a significant independent inverse relationship between the frequency of dialysis-related hypotensive episodes and the duration of early LV filling (r = -0.81; P less than 0.001). These results suggest that hemodialysis results in discrete alterations in early LV filling, with no significant compensatory increase in late atrial-assisted ventricular filling. Further, patients with the shortest early LV filling times appeared to have the greatest predilection for becoming hemodynamically unstable during dialysis.

Aged↗