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Biomedical subjects

J Kachelhoffer

Publications and source records attributed to J Kachelhoffer.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Verner-Morrison syndrome (author's transl)].

An early diagnosis of the Verner-Morrison syndrome will greatly enhance the chances of curative resection. There is a striking need for a simple diagnostic test. A number of suggestions have been made for the presumed hormone mediator of this syndrome. Numerous reports have led to a wide acceptance that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is the responsible mediator for the pharmacologic actions of this peptide are similar to the physiological characteristics noted in the watery diarrhea syndrome. A raised plasma VIP concentration, on the other hand, would suggest the presence of a tumour. These observations argue for the radioimmunoassay measurement of plasma VIP in a patient with the watery diarrhea syndrome.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1979

Computer program for intestinal spike bursts recognition.

A FORTRAN program has been developed for locating intestinal spike bursts and for estimating their strength. Tested against human scanning, the reliability rate was 92% and the misrecognition rate was 2.5%. This program was applied to the automatisation of the Migrating Myoelectric Complex analysis. A first method computed the percentage of Basic Electrical Rhythm (BER) cycles with superimposed spike bursts. A second one was based on the evaluation of spike bursts strength.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effects of VIP on intestinal motility: study on ex vivo perfused isolated canine jejunal loops.

The effects of VIP on intestinal motility were studied on isolated canine jejunal loops ex vivo perfused at normothermia, under pulsatile flow with heparinized, oxygenated and nonrecirculated canine whole blood, by means of an intraluminal balloon. VIP was administered intraarterially either by 1 min injections or by long-time infusions. The results showed that for arterial concentrations of the polypeptide ranging between 25 pg/ml and 300-500 pg/ml a fast but short-lasting relaxant effect was observed. For higher concentrations VIP usually produced a biphasic response: The relaxant effect is followed by an increase of the basal muscular tone often accompanied, for concentrations higher than about 25 ng/ml, by a marked and transient increase in amplitude of the intestinal rhythmic contractions. During long-time infusions a biphasic response was also observed but both effects were of short duration. A cholingeric origin of the secondary contracting phase was expected but could not be demonstrated because, at blood concentrations at which atropine affected the biphasic response, not only was the contractile effect abolished but also the initial relaxing phase. It is suggested that the secondary contraction may be a "rebound excitation" of myogenic nature or a result of noncholingeric excitatory fiber stimulations. The short-lasting relaxant effect observed under the present experimental conditions, even during long-time infusion of the polypeptide, fails to argue for an important physiological role of VIP as an hormonal inhibitor of intestinal motility. The biphasic response, however, might have a physiological significance in so far as the aboral propulsion of the intestinal content requires a muscular inhibition which rapidly changes to contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of some drugs on electrical activity of the gut in the postoperative period.

Myoelectrical activity of the gut has been studied in the postoperative period on 54 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. They have been divided into one control group and four other groups which were treated with pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, prostigmine or coherin (a posterior pituitary extract). In all patients, bursts of spikes were recorded during the early postoperative period. However, the slow waves were strongly disturbed at this time. Pentagastrin, CCK-PZ and prostigmine had no effect on the slow waves, while they increased the frequency of the spikes. These substances did not reduce the duration of the 'physiological' ileus. On the contrary, coherin was found to improve the regularity of the slow waves and to reduce the duration of the 'physiological' ileus.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1976

A simple device to obtain a pulsatile flow. Application to the vascular perfusion of dogs isolated intestinal segments.

A simple device allowing a pulsatile flow to be obtained in isolated organ perfusion has been developed and applied to the vascular perfusion of isolated canine jejunal segments. The principle of the device consists of superimposing on a constant pressure produced by a roller pump, a pulsatile pressure of which the amplitude, frequency, and shape of the pulses can be adjusted separately and independently of the mean pressure value. The role of the arterial pulse in intestinal vascular perfusion has been studied by comparing the hemodynamic and metabolic behavior during alternate periods of pulsatile and nonpulsatile pumping. While no striking change in vascular resistance was observed, the O2 consumption was significantly increased under pulsatile flow. These results testify to better metabolic conditions and enhanced organ functions under pulsatile pumping and also argue for improved intestinal microcirculation despite the constancy of the vascular resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity during the postoperative period in man.

Myoelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract has been studied in the postoperative period of 13 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. The recordings have been performed by means of extracellular electrodes which were implanted at the levels of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon during the surgical procedure. The records showed that fast activity is always persistent while the basic electrical rhythm is greatly disorganized during the immediate postoperative period. Such a characteristic pattern of the electrical activity suggested that the lack of peristaltic and propulsive movements, always noted during this period, is not correlated with a disappearance of gastrointestinal contractions, but only with a disturbance in their coordination.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

[Renal preservation: comparative effectiveness of 2 simple perfusion technics].

The authors compare the efficacy of two perfusates, Collins' solution and Perfudex, for conservation of kidneys for short periods by perfusion and hypothermic immersion. 22 dog kidneys, removed by lombotomy, were preserved for 24 hours with one or other of these solutions and then re-implanted into their host. Radio-isotopic renography, the uptake of Hg 197 Cl3 and a hippuran renogram, used to assess the function of the transplants, suggested the functional superiority of kidneys preserved with Collins solutions. Histological controls carried out beyond the 10 th post-operative week, confirmed these results. The correlations observed between these various findings also assessed the reliability of radio-isotope examinations in the exploration of renal function.

Animals↗