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Biomedical subjects

J Kärjä

Publications and source records attributed to J Kärjä.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.

A series of 156 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies from 40 patients with surgically-treated oral squamous cell carcinomas was analysed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by histopathological evaluation, in situ DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epithelial changes suggesting a HPV lesion within, or adjacent to, the carcinoma lesions were found in 16 out of 40 patients (40%). Morphological signs of a flat HPV lesion were found in four cases (10%), those of inverted type in three cases (7.5%), and those of papillary type in nine cases (22.5%). HPV DNA was demonstrated in one of the lesions by in situ hybridization with biotin-labelled DNA cocktail probe containing HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. With the PCR technique, samples from 11 (27.5%) of the 40 patients proved to contain HPV DNA. Of these, HPV 6 was demonstrated in one case, HPV 16 in ten cases and HPV 18 in one case. HPV DNA was exclusively detected in the biopsies showing carcinoma tissue or its adjacent precancer lesions. No viral DNA was found in the biopsies derived from the tumour-free resection margins. These results provide further evidence to support the concept of HPV involvement in the aetiology of oral squamous cell carcinomas, most probably acting synergistically with other carcinogens.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Jaw fractures in children.

From a total of 350 jaw fractures treated in 1980-1984 at Kuopio University Central Hospital, 20% were in children. These injuries were evaluated retrospectively regarding age, sex, incidence and etiology. Forty-five of the patients were boys and 25 girls. The frequency of maxillary and mandibular fractures in 70 young patients was 28.6%. The most common type of bone fractures was fracture of the alveolar process, which was prevalent in persons with mixed dentition. Before the age of 7 years, falls from height were the common causes of jaw fractures. The major cause of the jaw fractures in children from 7 to 15 years old was road accidents (47.1%), especially in boys. Most of these were cycling accidents, only a few patients were victims of automobile accidents. In addition, about one third (25.7%) of the patients were treated in the hospital because of multiple injuries to other organs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Extranodal head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children in Finland.

During the 20-year period from 1961 to 1980, 17 cases of extranodal head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children under 15 years of age were diagnosed in Finland. Eight cases had tumours in tonsils or nasopharyngeal adenoids and 9 cases lymphomas of other sites of the head and neck. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate for all cases was 0.69 and for tumours of the pharyngeal lymphatic tissue 0.35 per 10(6) children. Seven of the 17 tumours were undifferentiated lymphomas (Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's types) and 5 lymphoblastic lymphomas. The overall 5-year disease-free survival rate was 37%. Five of the 9 patients with tonsillar or adenoid lymphomas were disease-free more than 5 years.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1989

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 and 16 DNA sequences in bronchial squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated by in situ DNA hybridization.

A series of 131 routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens derived from the same number of patients with a bronchial squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed using in situ DNA-hybridization technique with a probe cocktail containing 35S-labeled human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA of types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 30. The 12 carcinomas shown to contain HPV DNA by the probe cocktail were subjected to in situ hybridization with the specific HPV DNA probes applied separately under high stringency conditions. HPV DNA could be found in 9 of these carcinomas; 2 cases contained HPV 6 DNA and 7 hybridized with HPV 16 DNA. The role of HPV in the development of bronchial squamous cell carcinoma is discussed in the light of the previously established morphologic evidence as well as the increasing number of reports on malignant transformation of the respiratory tract HPV lesions. The present findings of HPV DNA sequences provide further support to the concept of HPV as a potential causative agent of some bronchial squamous cell carcinomas, possibly acting synergistically with chemical or physical carcinogens. As in the genital tract, it seems clear that a respiratory tract infection by "low-risk" HPV types 6 and 11 by no means excludes the possibility of malignancy, so far ascribed almost exclusively to the "high-risk" type HPV 16.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Oral cancer in children under 15 years of age. A clinicopathological and virological study.

11 malignant tumours of the oral region in children under 15 years of age were diagnosed in Finland during the 20-year period from 1961 to 1980; the age adjusted annual incidence rate being 0.31 per 1,000,000 children. 5 cases were intraoral cancer and 5 cases malignant tumours of the major salivary glands. The formalin-fixed tumours were studied using the in situ DNA hybridization technique for Adenovirus, group II, Epstein-Barr and human papillomavirus, type 16. For the first time, evidence was provided for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in a malignant salivary gland tumour, implicating a possible etiological role for this virus in salivary gland neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in children.

Only 14 case reports of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in children under 15 years of age had been published until 1980. One was reported in Finland as a second tumor in a patient with retinoblastoma. According to the Finnish Cancer Registry, which covers the whole population, three cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in children under 15 years of age have been diagnosed in Finland during the 20 years from 1961 to 1980; the age-adjusted annual incidence rate being 0.13 per 1,000,000 children per year. According to the available material, the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in children is poor. The treatment has followed the guidelines for adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx demonstrated by in situ DNA hybridization.

A series of 116 consecutive laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed using an in situ DNA hybridization technique with 35S-labelled human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA probes to demonstrate the DNA of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 30, in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsies. The lesions were also assessed on light microscopy for HPV-suggestive morphological features, and by indirect immunoperoxidase (IP-PAP) technique to demonstrate the expression of HPV structural proteins (viral antigens). A total of 15/116 (12.9%) of the tumors were shown to contain the DNA of at least one HPV type. HPV 11 was the most frequent DNA type, found in 9/116 (7.8%) of the lesions, followed by HPV 16 (5.2%), and HPV 6 (4.3%). Noteworthy is the failure to disclose the recently described HPV type 30 DNA (suggested to be specific for laryngeal carcinomas) in any of the 116 carcinomas studied. Double infections (more than one HPV type) were disclosed in 5 (33.3% of the HPV DNA-positive) carcinomas: HPV 6 and 11, 1 case; HPV 6 and 16, 2 cases, and HPV 11 and 16, 2 cases. Light microscopic morphology was HPV-suggestive in 6 (40%) of the 15 HPV DNA-positive lesions, but HPV antigen expression could be demonstrated in one of these tumors only (6.7%). The present findings provide support to the concept on HPV as an etiological agent in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, most probably acting synergistically with chemical carcinogens. In addition to the 'high risk' HPV 16, a risk to develop a laryngeal malignancy may be associated with the 'low risk' types HPV 6 and 11 as well, previously demonstrated in benign laryngeal papillomas only.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Artifacts in ultrastructure of respiratory cilia caused by various fixation procedures and different types of handling.

The ciliary ultrastructure with different fixatives and buffer combinations and artifacts caused by handling the specimens was studied in samples from respiratory mucosa. After different standard fixatives the ciliary ultrastructure did not vary much. Glutaraldehyde in cacodylate gave the best result; the contrast was good and the cell membrane did not show undulation and so many blebs as with other fixatives. With old 4% formaldehyde + 1% glutaraldehyde inphosphate the cytoplasm was darker and the contrast was not as good as with a fresh fixative. Mechanical damage caused rupture of the cell membrane and sometimes changes in axonemal architecture. These findings are similar to those often seen in human samples. The axonemal architecture was always intact if the cell membrane was intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bilateral chronic otitis media.

We have compared the clinical presentations and results of operative treatment in 86 patients with bilateral chronic otitis media with findings in 641 patients with unilateral disease. Concomitant conditions such as cleft palate, rhinitis and chronic adenotonsillitis were found significantly more frequently in those patients with bilateral chronic otitis media than in the patients with unilateral disease. Additionally, cholesteatomas in the cases in which both ears were involved were larger than in those cases which only one ear was involved. The overall results of surgery were similar in the bilateral and unilateral cases. The timing of operation in cases of bilateral chronic otitis media and the special problems of operation on an only hearing ear are discussed.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1986

The mycotic flora of adenoids and antibodies to Candida albicans in children.

We cultured the adenoid tissues of 72 children with recurrent respiratory infections for fungal organisms. We also took fungal cultures of nasopharyngeal secretions from 20 healthy children and 13 healthy adults as controls. Culture for fungi were positive in 15% of the patients, in 15% of the healthy adults and in 25% of the healthy children. Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and Aspergillus sp. were the most common organisms found. In studying the children with recurrent respiratory infections, we were unable to find any significant correlation between the positive cultures and the age, type of day-care and previous antibiotic therapy given. We then studied the hemagglutination titers against C. albicans in 44 patients. This titer was 1:160 or lower in all but three patients, and was 1:320 in these latter three patients. However, fungal cultures were negative in all patients having hemagglutination titers of 1:80 or more.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1986

Congenital dermoid cysts of the tongue.

A case of large dermoid cyst in the tongue in a 3 1/2-month-old child is presented. Histologically it was an epidermoid cyst. Typically corresponding cysts are diagnosed during the first four months of life. When the cyst was punctured, some keratin escaped and caused a granulation tissue reaction with granulocytes between the muscles of the tongue. The cyst was treated by marsupialization. No abnormality in the shape or function of the tongue was seen after 24 months.

Dermoid Cyst↗
PubMed1986

Long-term safety and efficacy of budesonide nasal aerosol in perennial rhinitis. A 12-month multicentre study.

A long-term safety study of intranasally administered budesonide, a topical glucocorticoid, has been performed. 104 patients with perennial rhinitis, allergic or non-allergic, participated in a multicentre study in seven ENT-clinics utilising an identical protocol. A budesonide dosage of 400 micrograms/day was used as starting dose, but the patients were at liberty to reduce the daily dose to 200 micrograms. The patients were observed at intervals up to 12 months. At the entry and follow-up visits the following parameters were recorded: rhinoscopic findings, nasal symptom scores, blood chemistry, hematology, urinalysis and determination of plasma cortisol levels before and after stimulation with ACTH (Synacthen). Nasal biopsies taken from 50 of the patients at the beginning and completion of the study were examined in a blinded way by an independent pathologist. The analysis revealed no histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa. At rhinoscopy no signs of atrophy or candida were reported. Lividity of the nasal mucosa was significantly reduced during the trial, which was also the case for nasal congestion and secretion. All nasal symptom parameters assessed by the patients were significantly reduced from baseline during the follow-up period. No clinically significant changes in the hematological and blood chemistry parameters were observed. Plasma cortisol analysis before and after challenge with ACTH revealed no influence on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. No tachyphylaxis was observed; on the contrary, there was a clear tendency for reduction of the daily dose of budesonide necessary to keep the patients symptom-free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

Failures in myringoplasty.

We analyzed those failures occurring in 417 myringoplasties. Forty-four drum re-perforations were found (10.6%), half of which occurred immediately after operation. Causes of these early failures included necrosis in the middle of the graft without infection (10 ears) and blunting of the anterior margins of the graft (7 ears). Infection was the most common cause of re-perforations in the later failures. Re-perforations also occurred more frequently when larger perforations were closed in contrast to repair of small ones. We found that other pre-operative factors ("dry" or "wet" ear, site of the perforation) or grafting technique ("underlay" or "overlay") did not affect the graft take-rate. Adhesive eardrums were found in 23 ears (5.5%). These were more common when ears were infected pre-operatively, when middle ear mucosa was removed during the primary operation, or when squamous epithelium was present on the tympanic mucosa. Lateralization of the grafted eardrum was found in two cases (0.5%), both of which had been operated on using the sandwich technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vestibular disorders following head injury in children.

One hundred and ninety-nine child patients with blunt head injury were examined. Spontaneous and/or positional nystagmus (greater than or equal to 7 degrees/s) was observed immediately after trauma in 46% of cases, 6-12 months (average 10.2 months) later in 20%, and 2-8 years (average 4.7 years) later in 18%. Central ENG disturbances were found immediately after trauma in 43% of cases, 6-12 months later in 24%, and 2-8 years later in 12%. Only 1.5% of the child patients suffered from vertigo more than 6 months after trauma. The results of the study led to the conclusion that head injuries cause about as many similar objective vestibular lesions in children as in adults but fewer subjective symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Usher's syndrome type III: ENG findings in four affected and six unaffected siblings.

ENG recordings showed abnormal findings in subjects affected by Usher's syndrome and in unaffected siblings. Unaffected subjects with hearing impairment may be heterozygote carriers with inner ears more sensitive to various injurious stimuli, e.g. noise, than those of healthy subjects. Vestibular tests may facilitate the detection of heterozygote carriers but the number of patients studied by us is too small to allow definitive conclusions to be reached.

Adult↗