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Biomedical subjects

J Kábrt

Publications and source records attributed to J Kábrt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Relation between serum leptin levels and selected nutritional parameters in hemodialyzed patients].

Leptin is a protein hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes. Its serum concentrations positively correlate with body fat content and body mass index (BMI) i.e. they are lower in lean than obese subjects. The aim of our study was to compare serum levels of leptin, selected nutritional parameters and serum lipids in hemodialysed patients (n = 46) and healthy subjects (n = 24) and to explore the relationship between serum leptin levels and the rest of nutritional parameters in both groups. The tendency towards higher serum leptin levels in hemodialysed patients compared to control group was found, but the difference did not reach the statistical significance (24.31 +/- 24.06 ng/ml vs. 7.97 +/- 4.4 ng/ml). The leptin/body fat content ratio was significantly higher in hemodialysed patients compared to control subjects (0.85 +/- 0.74 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.11, p plain 0.01). The serum total protein, transpherine, albumin and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in hemodialysed patients compared to control group (68.14 +/- 5.56 g/l vs. 75.53 +/- 3.43 g/l; 2.04 +/- 0.49 g/l vs. 2.5 +/- 0.23 g/l; 33.65 +/- 2.86 g/l vs. 48.38 +/- 3.5 g/l; 4.56 +/- 1.19 mmol/l vs. 5.82 +/- 0.98 mmol/l; p = 0.001). Serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower in hemodialysed patients compared to controls (1.29 +/- 0.5 mmol/l vs. 2.31 +/- 1.23 mmol/l, p < 0.0001). Serum leptin levels in hemodialysed patients correlated positively with body fat content, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In the control group only the significant positive correlation with body fat content was found. In conclusion, this study demonstrated relatively higher serum leptin levels in hemodialysed patients compared to healthy subjects, although their nutritional status expressed by serum protein nutritional parameters and body fat content is significantly impaired. Except of the positive correlation with serum lipids levels no statistically significant relationships between serum leptin levels and biochemical nutritional parameters were found in our study.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of partial refeeding on serum levels of leptin and resting energy expenditure in female patients with anorexia nervosa].

BACKGROUND: Serum leptin levels and resting energy expenditure are significantly decreased in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to healthy subjects. Partial realimentation of patients with anorexia nervosa increases both these parameters. However, there so far are no data concerning the relationship of serum leptin levels and resting energy expenditure in patients with anorexia nervosa. The aim of our study was to follow the relationship of serum leptin levels and resting energy expenditure in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding. METHODS AND RESULTS: It was found that serum leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa both before and after partial realimentation were significantly lower compared to healthy subjects (0.86 +/- 0.9 ng.ml-1 and 1.77 +/- 1.9 ng.ml-1 vs 6.85 +/- 3.0 ng.ml-1, p < 0.05). The total resting energy expenditure in patients with anorexia nervosa both before and after realimentation were significantly lower than in the control group (4973 +/- 979 and 5263 +/- 899 vs 6401 +/- 827 kJ/day, p < 0.05). When expressed per body weight the resting energy expenditure in patients with anorexia nervosa was significantly higher in comparison with the control group (122.3 +/- 20.6 and 121.5 +/- 14.2 vs 104.2 +/- 14.6 kJ/day, p < 0.05). The differences in resting energy expenditure in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding did not reach statistical significance. The body mass and the body fat content increased significantly after realimentation index (14.5 +/- 1.4 vs 15.6 +/- 1.5 kg.(m2)-1 and 14.9 +/- 3.4 vs 16.6 +/- 3.7, p < 0.05) but remained still below of those of control group (BMI 22.3 +/- 2.7, body fat content 26.9 +/- 4.2). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the reduced serum leptin levels and the total resting energy expenditure in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to healthy age-matched subjects. No statistically significant relationships were found between serum leptin levels and resting energy expenditure either in healthy subjects or in patients with anorexia nervosa before or after partial realimentation respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Nutritional status of drug addicts in a methadone program].

BACKGROUND: Substitution treatment of drug addicts with methadone has been used in many countries for more than 35 years. In our country it was started in 1997. The objective was above all to evaluate the nutritional status and some biochemical parameters before and after 18 months of methadone substitution. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 14 patients were examined (9 men, 5 women), mean age 35 years, range 26-44 years, highly dependent on opiates: heroin, codeine and its derivatives). The examination was made before onset of treatment and after 18 months of treatment. The subjective feeling of all patients improved, they felt more active and efficient. The Kehlet score declined from 5.8 +/- 1.9 to 3.8 +/- 1.5. The body weight increased from 69.3 +/- 14.8 to 78.6 +/- 19.7 kg. BMI from 22.8 +/- 3.2 to 25.5 +/- 5.0 (kg/m2), the skinfold above the triceps muscle from 11.9 to 16.6 mm, prealbumin from 0.17 +/- 0.05 to 0.22 +/- 0.66 g/l). The handgrip strength did not increase, no significant changes were recorded in albumin and transferrin levels. The raised serum aminotransferase levels did not change (due to chronic hepatitis). CONCLUSIONS: Substitution treatment of drug addicts with methadone leads not only to improvement of the subjective state but also to objective signs of a better nutritional status.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after partial refeeding, relationships to serum lipids and biochemical nutritional parameters.

Leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipocytes that provide information about the body fat content. It was previously reported that serum leptin levels were decreased in patients with anorexia nervosa in comparison with healthy control subjects. The aim of our study was to compare serum leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa (n=11, initial mean BMI=15.4 kg/m2) before and after partial recovery with control age-matched subjects (n=11, mean BMI= 20.3 kg/m2) and to study the relationships of leptin levels, serum lipids and biochemical nutritional parameters. We found that serum leptin concentrations in patients with anorexia nervosa were significantly reduced in comparison with control subjects (3.61 vs 9.37 ng.ml(-1), p<0.01). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and albumin in patients with anorexia nervosa either before or after partial recovery did not differ from the control group. After partial recovery, a significant increase in serum leptin was observed (4.83 vs 3.61 ng.ml(-1), p<0.05), but the values still remained significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.01) Leptin levels correlated positively with the body mass index in the control group and anorexia nervosa group before recovery. The correlation with BMI in the anorexia nervosa group after refeeding was not significant. No significant correlation was found between leptin concentrations and serum lipids, total protein, albumin and prealbumin, respectively. Serum leptin thus represents a sensitive parameter that reflects the nutritional status in patients with anorexia nervosa suitable for long-term follow up during refeeding therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Relation of serum leptin levels and regulation of resting energy expenditure].

Leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipocytes. Its serum concentrations in the most of cases positively correlate with total body fat content and body mass index (BMI). Leptin plays a role in the food intake regulation. It also increases resting energy expenditure in hypoleptinaemic ob/ob mice. Its relationship to resting energy expenditure in human is less clear. The aim of our study was to follow the serum leptin levels in healthy females (n = 12) and males (n = 14) and their relationship to resting energy expenditure, body fat content, other antropometric and nutritional biochemical parameters. It was found that serum leptin levels were significantly higher in females comparing to males (6.8 +/- 3 ng.ml-1 vs. 2.6 +/- 1 ng.ml-1, p < 0.05). The serum leptin levels correlated positively with body fat content and body mass index in both groups. In females the positive correlation between body weight and serum leptin levels was found. No statistically significant relationship between serum leptin levels and resting energy expenditure, serum total protein, albumin or prealbumin concentration was found in any of studied groups. The results of our study do not testify to direct relationship between serum leptin levels and resting energy expenditure in young healthy individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIPoma)].

The incidence of VIPoma is approximately one per 10 million population. Thus in the Czech Republic this rare disease should be diagnosed once per year. The authors present their experience with the diagnosis and treatment of patient born in 1956, who suffered since 1990 from diarrhoea, at first episodically. In 1992-1994 the diarrhoea was profuse, caused dehydration, hypokalaemia and severe metabolic acidosis without an increase of the anion gap. As a result of dehydration the patient developed acute renal insufficiency. Due to hypokalaemia he developed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The diagnosis was based on the clinical finding and later confirmed on laboratory examination by a high VIP serum concentration. For treatment of diarrhoea Sandostatin was used. The tumour was located only after a scan with 123I-VIP in the cauda of the pancreas. Scintigraphy with labelled octreotide, similarly as other imaging methods (sono, X-ray and CT) were not effective. In 1994 left-sided hemipancreatectomy was performed. Although the patient was operated four years after the onset of the disease, no secondaries were detected. After surgery the diarrhoea stopped and no further treatment was necessary.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Serum leptin levels in female patients with protein-calorie malnutrition and its relation to biochemical indicators of nutritional status].

Leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipocytes. Its serum concentrations in the most of cases positively correlate with total body fat content. Serum leptin levels are increased in obese in comparison with lean subjects. Leptin levels in females are two or three times higher than in body mass index and age-matched males. The aim of our study was to investigate the serum leptin concentrations in females with protein-caloric malnutrition of various aetiology, the relationship between leptin levels and biochemical nutritional parameters and to compare the values with those of age-matched control group. Totally 12 patients with malnutrition of various aetiology and 14 control age-matched healthy subjects were included into the study. It was found that serum leptin levels were significantly decreased in malnutrition group in comparison with control group (3.09 +/- 1.33 ng.ml-1 vs 9.42 +/- 2.76 ng.,l-1, p < 0.05). A significant decrease in body mass index, serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol and triglycerides concentration was also found in malnutrition in comparison with control group. While a strong positive correlation between leptin concentrations and body mass index was found in control group (r = 0.72, p < 0.05), no statistically significant relation between leptin and body mass index was observed in malnutrition group. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between serum leptin levels and serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol and triglycerides neither in control or in malnutrition group. We conclude that serum leptin levels in patients with malnutrition are significantly decreased in comparison with age-matched healthy control subjects. The loss of positive correlation between leptin and body mass index in malnutrition group is explainable by the changes of body composition in patient with malnutrition. The body mass index value in these patients reflects the total body fat content less precisely than in healthy controls.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

[New findings in diet therapy and nutritional pharmacology].

The author gives an account on the effect of a number of nutrients prepared by the pharmaceutical industry and their use in enteral and parenteral nutrition. They are natural substances which promote the action of other pharmaceutical preparations. Their main importance is in prevention: they prevent a number of complications, have no side-effects and there is no risk of overdosage.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1991

[Variations in the dietary regimen in type I diabetes mellitus. I. Short-term use of a high-carbohydrate diet].

For a period of two days, while maintaining compensation of diabetes mellitus type I (treated by insulin pump), the authors replaced the usual diabetic diet by a bland carbohydrate diet (2.6 +/- 0.6 MJ/24 h, practically without amino nitrogen). This resulted in a negative energy and nitrogen balance with an indicated adaptation reaction on the second day of administration--reduced amount of catabolic urinary nitrogen, concentration of non-esterified serum fatty acids suggested a slightly increased lipolysis. The insulin consumption per 24 h was significantly reduced, as compared with the control day. A low energy carbohydrate diet is, when administered for a short period under careful control of compensation of diabetes type I, relatively safe and can be used e. g. during intercurrent digestive diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the dietary regimen during treatment of type I diabetes mellitus with continuous insulin infusion. II. Omitting food].

UNLABELLED: The authors investigated in 11 type diabetics the effect of omission of a meal on the compensation of diabetes during treatment with an insulin pump IP 1003. After stabilization of treatment by the pump, the patients were left on the 5th day without breakfast, while the basal operation of the pump was maintained and the patient received their insulin bolus in the morning. The test was terminated as planned after 180 mins. in 6 patients, in 5 it was terminated early because of typical signs of clinical hypoglycaemia. The course of the blood sugar curves revealed differences between patients from abrupt drops of hyperglycaemic values to hypoglycaemia to balanced low blood sugar levels. For the rest of the day till the following morning after the test the blood sugar was elevated, as compared with the control level of the 4th day. CONCLUSIONS: the tests revealed the relatively small drop of the blood sugar level after omission of the meal, hypoglycaemia develops in the majority of diabetics only after 120 to 180 mins. The danger of early hypoglycaemia within 60 minutes was recorded only in patients with a known history of severe hypoglycaemic states. Posthypoglycaemic hyperglycaemia influences the compensation of diabetics during the rest of the day.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A low-energy protein diet and complete fasting in obese patients. Effect on energy metabolism].

The authors investigated 38 obese patients with a BMI above 35. The patients were divided into four groups. The first three groups were on a strict reducing diet, which differed as to the energy values (1.38 MJ to 2.75 MJ) and the amount of protein (5.58 g N to 17.91 g N) per 24 hours. The fourth group fasted. In the course of 16 days metabolic balances were made and the energy output at rest was assessed by indirect calorimetry. In all groups the body weight declined markedly on average by 8.2 to 10.5 kg. The energy consumption at rest declined only during the complete fast. The fasting patients were in a negative nitrogen balance. The nitrogen balance was positive in the patients who were given 11.2 g N and 17.91 g N/24 hours. In all groups the fat utilization increased and the sugar utilization declined. The protein catabolism declined markedly only in the fasting patients. It may be summarized that the low-energy protein diet is, as compared with the fast, a more physiological way to achieve weight reduction, in particular because despite weight reduction a positive nitrogen balance is achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Low-energy protein diet and starvation diet in the obese--effect on energy metabolism.

38 obese patients with BMI in excess of 35 were monitored, the patients were divided into four groups. The first three were on a strict slimming diet which different as to the energy values (1.38 MJ--2.75 MJ) and the amount of protein (5.58 g N--17.91 g N) per 24 hours. The fourth group was on a starvation diet. Metabolic balance values and resting energy cut put were measured by indirect calorimetry during 16 days of monitoring. In all groups the body weight declined markedly by an average of 8.2-10.5 kg. Resting energy consumption dropped only during absolute fasting. The starvation diet patients exhibited a negative nitrogen balance. Positive nitrogen balance was found in groups on 11.2 g N and 17.91 g N/24 hours. Fat utilization increased and sugar utilization declined in all groups. Protein catabolism declined markedly only in the fasting patients. Summed up, the low-energy protein diet is--in comparison with absolute diet--a more physiological way to achieving weight reduction, in particular, because, despite the loss of weight, a positive weight balance is achieved, too.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Energy support with parenteral nutrition in patients with chronic intestinal inflammation].

Parenteral nutrition (PN) was administered to 24 patients with chronic enteritis. Their mean age was 37 years (range 17 to 69 years). Seventeen times Crohn's disease was involved, five times ulcerative colitis and twice postprandial enteritis. The mean period of PN was 24.6 +/- 12.9 days and its energy value was 7.79 +/- 1.63 MJ/24 hours. Some patients had a restricted oral intake, on average 5 MJ/24 hours. The energy output at rest assessed by indirect calorimetry was 7.62 +/- 1.06 MJ/24 hours. Along with PN the patients had aimed antiinflammatory treatment. In the majority of patients clinical improvement was recorded. The nutritional status improved in 13 patients, was not affected in 9 and in two it deteriorated. The improvement of the nutritional status was not always associated with regression of manifestations of the local enteritis. In particular affections of the rectum in Crohn's disease were resistant to treatment and the position changed after a derivation stoma operation.

Adolescent↗