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Biomedical subjects

J K Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J K Martin.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Surgery of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas.

Biliary, hepatic, and pancreatic surgery at the Mayo Clinic during 1973 was retrospectively examined. A total of 1,137 operations were performed in the 12-month period, with an overall hospital mortality of 2.6%. The operative mortality for 586 elective cholecystectomies for chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis was 0.3%--for acute cholecystitis 1.5% and for elective common duct exploration 2.9%. The present review is compared with prior reports in which similar methodology permitted comparisons. Improvement in operative mortality was noted in surgery for cholecystitis and pancreatic and hepatic lesions. The figures drawn from this and previous reports represent more than 10,000 operations on the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas performed at the Mayo Clinic.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Persistent postoperative hyperparathyroidism.

Persistent hypercalcemia after cervical exploration for suspected primary hyperparathyroidism is rare. In this retrospective review, some lessons and pitfalls have been emphasized--knowledge that should minimize this occurrence. There is no better lesson than experience. We concur with Van Vroonhoven and Muller that, in most instances, failure of the primary operation is unnecessary. This is supported by our review, in which 500 patients underwent exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism, 95 per cent of whom were rendered normocalcemic postoperatively, with minimal postoperative morbidity and an operative mortality of zero per cent.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

Phospholipase A2 as a probe of phospholipid distribution in erythrocyte membranes. Factors influencing the apparent specificity of the reaction.

The action of snake venom phospholipases A2 in intact human erythrocytes was investigated in detail. The basis phospholipase from Agkistrodon halys blomhifii was found to induce both hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and total cell hemolysis under certain experimental conditions. The hydrolytic action of the basic enzyme was found to consist of two sequential events: (a) hydrolysis of 70% of the total cell ph osphatidylcholine without any evident hemolysis; and (b) complete hydrolysis of the remaining phosphatidylcholine, followed closely by extensive phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis and finally with onset of hemolysis, attack on the phosphatidylserine. At pH 7.4 and 10 mM Ca2+ only stage (a) occurred. However, a slight elevation of the pH of incubation to pH 8.0 and/or inclusion of 40 mM Ca2+ in the reaction mixture caused both events (a) and (b) to occur. The addition of glucose limited the action of the enzyme to stage (a) under any reaction conditions. An investigation showed that enzymically induced hemolysis occurred under conditions where the intracellular ATP levels were lowered. Data are presented which suggest that stage (b) is mediated by in influx of Ca2+ into the cell when the levels of ATP are low. Interestingly the phosphllipase from Naja naja venom (Pakistan) yielded results similar to those observed with the basic enzyme from Agkistrodon venom. However, the enzyme from Crotalus adamanteus and the acidic enzyme also present in the Agkistrodon venom produced only slight hydrolysis or hemolysis under any of the conditions studied. Other species of erythrocytes, e.g., guinea pig, monkey, pig, and rat, were tested but only those from guinea pig behaved similarly to the human cells. Pig, monkey, and rat erythrocytes underwent very limited hydrolysis and hemolysis. It is evident that the use of these phospholipases to probe the localization of phospholipds in erythrocyte membranes must be approached with caution. Certain facets of this problem are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1966

Follow-up studies in cerebral palsy.

Under the auspices of the Canadian Rehabilitation Council for the Disabled, a follow-up study on young adults with cerebral palsy between the ages of 17 and 25 years was carried out by means of a questionnaire. These young adults had attended treatment centres in various parts of Canada. One hundred and seventy-six completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the present status of these individuals in terms of competitive employment, recreational pursuits and residence. At the time of the survey, 50 of these subjects were engaged in competitive employment or were considered to be potentially employable. The detailed findings of this study are compared with those of other surveys, and factors influencing the potential of disabled persons are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

The teaching of psychiatry as applied to pediatrics: proposals based on a report prepared by the education committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

With changing patterns of pediatric practice, the practising physician needs to acquire a deeper understanding of the emotional and intellectual development of the child. Skill is also required in the techniques of interviewing and counselling parents, and, with a knowledge of the origin of behavioural disorders, in treating these disorders. The Education Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society was asked to survey the present teaching of psychiatry as applied to pediatrics in all Canadian medical schools. Based on this survey and other studies, a training program for undergraduate medical students and graduates is proposed.

Canada↗