Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J K Maniar

Publications and source records attributed to J K Maniar.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV-1 variants in South and South-East Asia.

HIV spread in South and South-East Asia is most alarming, and genetic variability of HIV-1 is an important consideration in vaccine development. In this study, we examined the third variable (V3) region of env gene of HIV-1 variants prevalent in Thailand, Malaysia, India, and the Philippines. By phylogenetic tree analyses, an HIV-1 variant from an injecting drug user (IDU) in Thailand belonged to subtype B, and HIV-1 variants from 2 IDUs in Malaysia were classified into 2 subtypes, B and E. One HIV-1 variant from a male homosexual in the Philippines belonged to subtype B. Out of 8 HIV-1 variants from sexually transmitted disease patients in India, 7 belonged to subtype C, and one to subtype A. Although the total number of individuals examined in this study was limited, 4 HIV-1 subtypes were found in South and South-East Asia and large international movements of HIV-1-infected individuals in this region could induce global dissemination of these HIV-1 variants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Penicillium marneffei infection: an AIDS-defining illness.

A 29-year-old HIV seropositive male patient from Manipur presented with fever, cough, weight loss and asymptomatic papules and nodules all over the body. Differential diagnoses of secondary syphilis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis and penicilliosis were considered. Histopathological and mycological study of the skin biopsy tissue, and blood culture confirmed the diagnosis of penicilliosis. Although penicilliosis, an AIDS-defining illness, is restricted to Southeast Asia, more and more cases are being recognized in non-endemic countries.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased promoter diversity reveals a complex phylogeny of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in India.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence diversity among distinct populations within India and to determine the prevalent subtype. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Analysis of the 3'LTR was conducted from 28 HIV-1-positive samples: 1992-1993 (Pune, New Delhi) and 1995-1996 (Pune, Mumbai and Vellore). Genomic DNA was extracted from cocultivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing using dye terminator chemistry. Sequences were edited, aligned, and analyzed phylogenetically utilizing gap-stripped and bootstrapping parameters. Mobility shift assays were used to confirm binding activity. RESULTS: All nucleotide sequences were HWV-1 subtype C based on phylogenetic analysis. The isolates from Pune/Delhi formed subclusters when analyzed separately, irrespective of time or sample source. However, no significant subclustering was observed with isolates from Mumbai or Vellore or with the entire sample set when analyzed collectively. Subtype-specific enhancer analysis revealed an expected third NF-kappaB site but also revealed six isolates with insertions and deletions not previously described, one of which resembles an AP-1 binding site. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the prevalence of HIV-1C and suggest increasingly complex phylogeny of HIV-1C within India, such that the previously observed subclustering may no longer adequately reflect the diversity of isolates currently circulating throughout India.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasitic diarrhoea in patients with AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is a common clinical manifestation of HIV infection regardless of whether or not patients have AIDS. Two newly recognized opportunistic coccidial protozoa are parasitic pathogens in AIDS patients. We attempted to determine the common parasites in Indian patients with AIDS. METHODS: Between October 1994 and December 1996, a total of 110 stool specimens from 94 AIDS patients with acute or chronic diarrhoea were examined by microscopy of wet mounts and smears stained by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen's (cold) staining method. RESULTS: Isospora belli was the most frequently encountered parasite in 17% of patients, followed by Entamoeba histolytica in 14.9% and Cryptosporidium in 8.5%. Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia were detected in 5.3% and 4.3% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of different parasites in 56.4% of stool specimens of patients with AIDS indicates that their specific diagnosis is essential. This will help initiate therapy to reduce the morbidity and mortality among such patients due to these pathogens.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An approach to leprosy work in south Bombay--a preliminary communication.

The city of Bombay with its teeming eight million citizens is characterised by varied types of living pattern in its different parts and the approach to leprosy control work should be flexible to suit these facets of living conditions. Earlier reports (Ganapati and Girija 1979) have indicated the possibility of the successful application of techniques based on mass surveys in North Bombay where people belonging to low socio-economic strata live in somewhat organised slums or shanty towns. However, extreme South Bombay is marked by the paucity of such vast slums and one is struck by the more permanent multistoreyed housing structures. Living in commercial establishments as well as footpath dwelling are common. This presentation consists of an attempt to gauge the leprosy problems in this part of the city taking advantage of 425 patients registered at a leprosy clinic run in conjunction with the dermatology out patient department of a big general hospital over a period of 40 months. 212 cases (50%) hailing from South Bombay proper were the subject matter for analysis. 66% (140) belonged to progressive types of leprosy classifiable as BT through LL and of the Ridley-Jopling classification and 30.7% were bacteriologically positive. 42.9% of the patients had some degree of deformity. Males formed 80% of the sample and 76% were above 15 years of age. Analysis of duration of residence revealed that 68% were living in Bombay for over six years and 53.5% were residing in the city for 11 years or more. This finding is contrary to the expectation of leprosy patients in Bombay belonging to a "floating population". Attempts at field work revealed the following findings: Slum pockets being few (only four), patients were expected to live in residential buildings; but it was found that 25% of population were staying in work places. 17% were footpath dwellers and 18.9% shared their accommodation with people other than family members. 10.4% were domestic servants staying in the residences of their employees. The labour class constituted 50.5% the unemployed housewives group formed 21.7% and beggers 0.9%. 4.2% only were slum dwellers. Locating and examining contacts of patients was difficult as 42.9% could not be traced owing to faulty addresses or patients having changed residences or shifted to native places. Of the 111 patients (52.3%) contacted, 26.4% were living with families and 26.1% were staying alone or with others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗