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Biomedical subjects

J K Cook

Publications and source records attributed to J K Cook.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Whatever happened to the General Surgery graduating class of 2001?

PURPOSE: Nationally approximately 20% of all categorical General Surgery (GS) residents do not complete their GS training. We ranked 57 applicants in the National Residency Match Program (NRMP) in 1996 and matched our final eighth candidate with slot 22. Although clinically stellar, 4 of these 8 residents (50%) opted to switch to different medical specialties. We pondered if other programs had difficulties with the 1996 applicant pool and hypothesized that perhaps higher ranked applicants have greater attrition rates. METHODS: Programs in which our ranked applicants matched were contacted and asked for feedback on trainee performance, research time, attrition, and future plans. RESULTS: Four applicants did not match in GS. Fifty-three surgical interns (46 men, 7 women) in 1996 are now 23 chief residents, 18 senior residents (16 did research time, 1 did an intensive care unit fellowship, and 1 required a year of remediation), and 12 non-GS trainees (orthopedic surgery = 3, anesthesiology = 3, ENT = 1, family medicine = 1, internal medicine = 1, radiology = 1, pathology = 1, and Ph.D. researcher = 1). Clinical performance was similar for both GS trainees and those who dropped out. Residents dropped out after the PG-1 year (n = 7), PGY-2 (n = 3), and 1 each after PGY-3 and PGY-4. Higher ranked applicants were no more likely to drop out than were lower ranked applicants. CONCLUSIONS: Of Mayo Clinic-Rochester-ranked GS categorical applicants in 1996, 23% dropped out of GS. Eleven of 12 dropouts selected a different field of medicine to finish their training. Attrition remains common and problematic both nationally and in individual programs.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from outbreaks of disease in commercial flocks in Brazil.

Fifteen isolations of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus were made from a total of 126 Brazilian poultry flocks of all ages that were examined. These flocks (14 chicken and 1 quail) were experiencing a variety of IB-like conditions including respiratory disease, digestive and kidney problems, and drops in egg production. One of the isolates was of the Massachusetts serotype. The remainder were examined by means of cross-neutralization tests in tracheal organ cultures and were shown to belong to at least four antigenic groups, all different from ones described previously in other countries. Some, but not all, of the flocks from which they were isolated had been vaccinated against IB with vaccines of the Massachusetts serotype. In vivo protection studies showed that the MA5 vaccine (of the Massachusetts serotype) protected well against challenge with four of these isolates, representing the different serotypes reported in this study.

Animals↗
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Escherichia coli multiplication and lesions in the respiratory tract of chickens inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus and/or E. coli.

Escherichia coli numbers and histopathological changes were studied in the respiratory tract of line 151 chickens intranasally inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and/or virulent E. coli; this line is highly susceptible to IBV. Chickens inoculated with IBV alone showed increased numbers of E. coli in the trachea and had tracheitis, airsacculitis, and bronchiolitis. One of 17 chickens inoculated with IBV alone died with fibrinopurulent serositis. Chickens inoculated with IBV and E. coli had more severe and persistent respiratory lesions than those inoculated with IBV alone. E. coli was isolated from tracheas of chickens inoculated with IBV and E. coli more frequently than from chickens inoculated with IBV alone. In this group, 14 of 27 chickens died with tracheal plugs or with fibrinopurulent serositis. There was neither increased numbers of E. coli nor significant lesions in the respiratory tract of the group inoculated with E. coli alone. These results suggest that IBV may facilitate E. coli invasion into the lower respiratory tract of the chicken.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgM responses in chicken serum to live and inactivated infectious bronchitis virus vaccines.

Intramuscular (i.m.) administration of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) oil-emulsion vaccine (OEV) to IBV-primed or unprimed chickens resulted in the production of zero or minimal concentrations of IBV-specific IgM in the serum, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of gel chromatography fractions. Live-attenuated infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine given i.m. or by eyedrop stimulated the production of IBV-specific IgM in similar amounts following inoculation by both routes. These levels were comparable to those found in earlier studies following intranasal inoculation with a virulent strain of IBV and confirm that the detection of IBV-specific IgM is a valuable aid to the diagnosis of recent infection. As expected, administration of live-attenuated IB vaccines i.m. or by eyedrop protected the respiratory tract against challenge with virulent virus 24 days later; however, OEV given i.m. did not.

Animals↗