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Biomedical subjects

J Jouglard

Publications and source records attributed to J Jouglard.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotic disorders linked to the inhibition of benzodiazepine catabolism].

Five clinical cases of interaction between benzodiazepines on one hand and erythromycin, troleandomycin, josamycin and cimetidine on the other hand have been analyzed. These interactions resulted in severe disorders of behaviour, amnesia (including amnesia-automatism syndrome in one case), disturbances of consciousness and withdrawal syndrome. These disorders were consecutive to inhibition of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system. Practical means of avoiding this risk consists in limiting such drug combinations, reducing benzodiazepine dosage and, if a combined treatment is necessary, using by preference either benzodiazepines degraded by conjugation instead of oxidation, or macrolides, or anti-H2 compounds with reduced inhibitory effect on microsomes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental study of the toxic convulsant properties of commercial preparations of essences of sage and hyssop (author's transl)].

Commercial preparations of essences of sage and hyssop have caused poisoning of human beings and were found to possess a convulsant action of central origin in animals. The convulsant effect of hyssop essence appears to be more powerful than that of sage in non-anaesthetized rats. The dose limit, below which the cortical phenomena are subclinical, is 0.08 g/kg for hyssop, while above 0.13 g/kg convulsions appear and become lethal above 1.25 g/kg. The same doses for essence of sage are respectively 0.3, 0.5 and 3.2 g/kg. The neurotoxicity of hyssop appears to be related to the presence of two terpene ketones, pinocamphone and isopinocamphone, the former of which has powerful convulsant properties, and is lethal at doses above 0.05 ml/kg. The toxicity of essence of sage is due to the presence of camphor which is well-known to possess convulsant properties.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of pharmacovigilance center in information for the public on drugs. Experience in Marseille on 9 month].

We analyzed the role of the Marseille pharmacovigilance center (working in collaboration with the local poison treatment center) in informing the general public on medicinal drugs. Over a 9-month period, the center received 115 requests from members of the public for information. 82.6% of callers were not members of the health professions and wanted information for themselves (61.7%, 67.6% women) or their children (26.08%). The questions mainly involved drug interactions (28.7%), side-effects (26%) and precautions for use in particular circumstances (20%). 178 proprietary drugs (47 of which had been bought over the counter) were mentioned. The main therapeutic classes were neuropsychiatric drugs (n = 41), cardiovascular drugs (n = 17) and analgesics (n = 16). A number of communication difficulties and problems of a deontological nature were encountered. Full information was provided in every case, together with advice on prevention to about half the callers.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Febrile convulsions: should some drugs be contraindicated?].

Should certain drugs be contraindicated in children who have had febrile seizures or who present a risk of convulsions? There are no publications dealing specifically with this problem. However, many drugs can induce convulsions and may be dangerous if they are associated with another determining factor (e.g. fever). Camphor known to be toxic and its use must be avoided in young children. Other terpenes given to children with colds may be convulsant if they are used for prolonged treatment or associated with other convulsant drugs (sympathomimetics, piperazine derivatives, antihistamines, etc.). On the basis of a retrospective study of 23 cases of febrile convulsion among 343 cases of infantile convulsion reported to the Poison Control Center and the Pharmacovigilance Center of Marseille between 1973 and 1991, we propose that camphor and sympathomimetics be avoided and that potential convulsant drugs and their association be used with caution. A prospective study is underway to determine responsibility of certain drugs in the occurrence of recurrence of febrile convulsions.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychic effects of drugs prescribed for hypertensive patients. An experiment of the Regional Drug Monitoring Center in Marseilles].

The authors present typical observations of behavioural adverse effects induced by anti-hypertensive drugs and reported to the Marseilles Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance. These effects include: sleep disorders, confusion, psychotic reactions and depression. Surprisingly, these effects seem to be very rarely reported; this is perhaps due to a tricky assessment of the causal relationship: many factors (hypertension, other diseases, other drugs) can have an influence on these troubles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transdermal scopolamine and mydriasis].

The authors report five cases of mydriasis induced by the use of transdermal scopolamine delivery systems. Anisocoria and narrow angle glaucoma were involved in four cases; in one case, the use of a strong dosage resulted in a bilateral mydriasis in a child.

Administration, Cutaneous↗