Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J Jones.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of the Prehospital Index in identifying major hemorrhage in trauma victims.

PURPOSE: To determine the sensitivity of the Prehospital Index (PHI) in identifying patients with severe blood loss, a one-year review was conducted at a regional trauma facility. METHODS: The study population consisted of 217 consecutive trauma admissions (ages 3 to 88 years). Patients were managed using standard resuscitation techniques; blood transfusions were ordered at the discretion of attending physicians and did not follow any preplanned protocol. Medical records were examined to determine total blood requirements for each patient during the first 12 hours of hospitalization, the emergency department (ED) disposition, and final outcome of treatment. The following clinical variables were analyzed (unpaired t-test) to determine their value as predictors of blood loss: age, gender, mechanism of injury, initial vital signs, revised trauma score, PHI, and injury severity score. RESULTS: Forty-two percent (92 patients) received transfusions during the first 12 hours of hospitalization. The best predictor of blood loss was the Prehospital Index. Of the total group, 45% had a PHI greater than 3; 77% (75/98) of these patients required transfusion and received an average of 7.1 units of packed cells. Fifty-five percent (119/217) had a PHI less than or equal to 3; 86% (102/119) of these patients did not require transfusion. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that patients with PHI scores greater than 3 require close hemodynamic monitoring to rule out significant blood loss and may warrant immediate cross-matching on arrival to the ED.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synovial fluid cytokines and eicosanoids as markers of joint disease in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of various synovial fluid cytokines and eicosanoids to diagnose joint disease or categories of joint disease. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective acquisition of clinicopathologic data. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Client-owned or donated horses: 50 joints with no evidence of disease; 28 joints with acute disease; 32 joints with chronic disease; 9 joints with cartilage damage and no other signs of joint disease. METHODS: Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)), prostaglandin F1-alpha (PGF(1)-alpha), and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), were measured in equine synovial fluid by immunoassay and categorized according to duration and degree of joint disease. Any test value for a given category that was different from normal was further analyzed for sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), and operating point (most valid test cutoff value). Likelihood ratios and predictive values were calculated at the operating point. Mediator concentrations were correlated to synovial fluid white blood cell count. Tests were reported as poor, fair, good, or excellent based on predictive values of <.25,.25-.5,.5-.75, or >.75, respectively. RESULTS: TNF synovial fluid concentration as a predictor of joint disease was good, and the value of TNF (maximum S and Sp) indicating joint disease was >36 pg/mL. IL-1beta as a predictor of joint disease was good, and the value of IL-1beta indicating joint disease was >4.5 pg/mL. IL-6 concentration was an excellent predictor of joint disease. Any IL-6 in synovial fluid indicated joint disease and correlated highly with synovial fluid white blood cell count (P <.0001). PGE(2) was a good-excellent predictor of disease (positive predictive value [PPV] = 0.75), and the concentration indicating joint disease was >22.5 pg/mL. The diagnostic PGF(1)-alpha concentration indicating severe chronic joint disease was identified to be >16.5 pg/mL with very high sensitivity (S = 1) and specificity (Sp =.89). PGF(1)-alpha concentrations > 9.5 pg/mL had a good PPV (.69) and NPV (.6) for any joint disease. TBX(2) concentrations below 31.5 pg/mL (S =.57; Sp =.61) were a very good predictor of joint disease (PPV =.72). LTB(4) concentration appeared to be greater in severe acute joint disease than normal joints; this was not significant (P =.15) and correlated highly with synovial fluid white blood cell count (P =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The ability of a single value from a joint in an adult horse predicting the presence of joint disease was often good (.5-.75), and was excellent (> or =.75) for IL-6 and PGE(2). TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were no more effective than white blood cell count in screening for joint disease. IL-6 was the most sensitive and specific for joint disease and could be an excellent screening test for the presence of joint disease when lameness is difficult to identify or is intermittent. PGE(2) would be a functional screening test for the presence of any joint disease and offers a differentiating feature because values were not influenced by white blood cell count. PGF(1)-alpha values > 16.5 pg/mL identified chronic severe joint disease and may be clinically useful when there are minimal radiographic changes but substantial articular cartilage degradation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of burn depth with noncontact ultrasonography.

Early excision and grafting is the current treatment of choice for deep dermal and full-thickness burn wounds that will not heal spontaneously within 3 weeks. The time needed for the burn wound to heal is estimated with clinical assessment of the burn depth; this is often an inaccurate method. Therefore we have developed a new and unique noncontact ultrasonographic method to estimate burn depth. This study was designed to determine the practical utility and accuracy of noncontact ultrasonography for the assessment of burn depth. Seventy-eight burn sites and 42 normal skin sites (control sites) of 15 patients (age, 18-63 years) with burns of 2% to 35% total body surface area were evaluated. The burn sites were scanned with a prototype noncontact ultrasonographic system 1 and 3 days after the burn injuries. The probe was held 1 inch from the skin, and the time spent on each site was approximately 5 minutes. The ultrasonographic results were interpreted by an investigator who was blinded to the clinical findings. Clinical assessment of the burn wounds was made on the same days by 2 experienced physicians who were blinded to the results of the ultrasonography. The investigators were asked to categorize the burn wounds into those that would heal within 3 weeks and those that would not. With this method, we were able to visualize the epidermis, dermis, and dermal-fat interface in normal skin. The destruction of the dermal-fat interface was interpreted as a deep burn, which would not heal within 3 weeks. The overall accuracy of the noncontact ultrasonography in the prediction of which burn wounds would heal within 3 weeks was 96%. The results of this study show that noncontact ultrasonography will allow for the rapid evaluation of burn depth with high accuracy, without contacting the patient, and without causing pain or discomfort.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous leishmaniasis: three children with Leishmania major successfully treated with itraconazole.

We report the rare instance of four family members with numerous cutaneous lesions of Leishmania major contracted while on holiday in Algeria. Treatment was successful with oral itraconazole for the children and intralesional sodium stibogluconate for the mother. Cutaneous leishmaniasis should be considered in those with apparently sterile plaques returning from endemic areas. These results suggest that itraconazole, which is ideally suited for use in children, is an effective monotherapy for L. major.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initial mothering patterns of low-income black primiparas.

Observations at three separate intervals of 24 black, low-income primiparas revealed that there is not necessarily a progressive use of the mother's fingers, hands, and arms during the attachment process. Although the mothers did use fingertips to explore their new infants at some time during the first contact, this was not their immediate behavioral responses as defined by Rubin as well as Klaus, et al. The orderly sequence from fingertip exploration to encompassing behavior has been noted by Rubin to occur over a period of time. Klaus reports the interval to be only days. The mothers in this study exhibited encompassing behavior immediately by reaching out for their infants using both hands and arms. The majority held and looked at their new babies throughout the contact time indicating the instinct for the en-face position which Klaus, et al. have described so clearly. The study data would also support Perry's statement that eye contact is an indicator of the intensity of the mother-infant interaction. Over one-half of the subjects, during the first contact, initiated verbal response to their infants. None, however greeted their infants by using given names. Clark, Affonso, and Harris do not refer to the significance of identification of baby by the mother, only to verbal interaction. All mothers in the study made positive statements regarding their infants's appearance and behavior which compares exactly with findings of Robson and Moss.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Post-operative computed tomography in two dogs with cerebral meningioma.

Post-operative computed tomography (CT) has been described as a technique for diagnosing incomplete resection or recurrence of cerebral neoplasms in humans. The characteristics of immediate postoperative CT images in dogs with intracranial pathology are unknown. This report describes findings from preoperative, immediate post-operative, and 4 week to 9 month follow-up CT examinations in two dogs with histologically-confirmed cerebral meningiomas. In images of one dog after surgery there was mild contrast enhancement of the tissue surrounding the surgical site. This enhancement had resolved in later images and was probably the result of surgically induced trauma. In post operative images of the other dog there was significant hyperattenuation of the tissues around the surgical site. In post contrast images there was increased enhancement that was evident in later images. These findings, although not supported by necropsy, probably indicate incomplete excision of the tumor.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A proposed model of relapse prevention for adolescents who abuse alcohol.

Adolescents who abuse alcohol are being admitted to treatment centers in increasing numbers. However, relapse prevention, a critical aspect of recovery, rarely is addressed in this high-risk population. This article briefly reviews adolescent development, the current literature on adolescent drinking patterns and relapse, and analyzes current models of relapse prevention in adults. This information is then used to propose a relapse prevention model for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Submerging deciduous molars--an extraction in time!

A case is presented of a 25-year-old man with a submerged lower second deciduous molar and an impacted lower second premolar. Treatment was complicated by the relationship of the teeth to the inferior dental nerve, which necessitated extensive bone removal and mental nerve transposition to remove the submerged and impacted teeth. Early recognition and treatment of the submerging tooth might have prevented the need for such extensive surgery and morbidity at a later date.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenosarcoma of the uterus with extensive smooth muscle differentiation: ultrastructural study and review of the literature.

Four cases of Mullerian adenosarcoma were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. All 4 cases showed the histologic characteristics of adenosarcoma with benign endometrial glands and a malignant stroma. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial component in all cases had the appearance of proliferative endometrial glands, and the malignant mesenchymal cells showed features of endometrial stroma. A distinct basal lamina separating glands from stroma was present. In addition, 2 of the cases showed extensive smooth muscle differentiation which was associated with sarcomatous overgrowth. The smooth muscle features were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Multiple theories of the histogenesis of this tumor are discussed.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a review.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness that occurs across the entire life span. Although most research on OCD pertains to adults, studies of the disorder in children and adolescents have burgeoned over the last decade. A review of this literature suggests that OCD has a bimodal incidence pattern, with one peak of onset at approximately 10 years of age and another during adulthood, and that the juvenile and adult forms are equally prevalent. Important similarities and differences between the juvenile- and adult-onset forms of OCD can be seen: both show the same clinical phenotype, diagnostic nosology, and dose responsivity, but the early-onset disorder differs in being clearly male preponderant, more highly familial, and associated with a distinct pattern of comorbid psychopathology, including disruptive behavior and specific developmental disorders. These findings have implications both for clinical management and for future research, which could consider age of onset as an important factor in studies of all OCD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helping adults cope with abuse as children.

This article describes the experience of a co-facilitator in planning and developing a closed therapeutic group, within a mental health unit, for female survivors of sexual abuse. The author discusses the process of setting up a group of this type, and by reviewing a typical group programme, explains the benefits of this approach.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of compression hosiery in venous leg ulceration.

Venous leg ulceration is a common problem in older people that adversely affects their quality of life. It is also a major cause of morbidity for many patients in hospital and community settings. Patients experience considerable pain and distress as a result of this condition and annual costs to the NHS are high. However, good nursing management and the correct use of compression therapy can lead to faster healing rates (Effective Health Care 1997), and reduced nursing time. This article discusses the use of compression hosiery in the prevention and treatment of venous leg ulcers.

Anthropometry↗