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Biomedical subjects

J Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J Jones.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Knowledge of nutrition among housewives in three South African ethnic groups.

Studies on housewives and other groups in Western populations have revealed: (i) a generally high level of claimed or "perceived' knowledge of nutrition; (ii) a much lower level of accurate knowledge; and (iii) an often unsatisfactory application of correct knowledge. Since little is known of knowledge of nutrition in South African populations. White, Indian and Coloured housewives were questioned by use of a questionnaire similar to that used overseas. While the local populations had a fair knowledge of the identity of most nutritional components, their knowledge about good sources of these components and of foods commendable for body building, energy, and slimming, or of those which promote fattening, was only moderately satisfactory. Misconceptions were similar to those reported elsewhere. Factors having a bearing on inadequate or incorrect information are discussed, as is the extent to which this may affect health and disease patterns in Third World and Western populations. Factors detrimental to progress are differences of opinion among nutrition experts and insufficient knowledge on the health/ill-health patterns of those who are knowledgeable of nutrition compared with those who are less knowledgeable.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1982

Light and electron microscopy of the photoreceptors in the retina of the red-eared slider, Pseudemys scripta elegans.

The six different types of photoreceptor in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Fresh whole-mount retina, in which the oil droplet colors of the photoreceptors could be seen, was compared with fixed tissue cut in the vertical plane. The red single cone (large red oil droplet) is largest in diameter and, in electron microscopy (EM) views, has the least opaque oil droplet. It also has a vacuolated paraboloid and a cone pedicle that ends at the intermediate level of the outer plexiform layer (OPL). The green single cone (yellow medium-size oil droplet) has a thinner inner segment and uniformly vacuolated paraboloid. Its cone pedicle ends at the same level as that of red cones. The blue cone (small colorless oil droplet) has an obliquely running axon joining cell body to cone pedicle that lies innermost in the OPL. Double cones are recognizable by their adherent cell bodies and inner segments. The accessory member (green cone) lacks an oil droplet but has a distinct large paraboloid while the principal member (red cone) has an oil droplet (orange) lying more distal than oil droplets of other cone types. The axons of the double cones are separated by glia but have closely apposed pedicles ending above those of the single cones in the outermost level of the OPL. Rod photoreceptors have a large outer segment, no oil droplet, and a low-lying cell body continuous with the pedicle, which ends, like those of the double cones, at the outermost level of the OPL.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Radionuclide evaluation of right and left ventricular function in children: validation of methodology.

Validation of an equilibrium radionuclide technique for assessing right and left ventricle function has not been reported in children with heart disease. Resting equilibrium radionuclide ventriculograms were performed in 71 children with diverse types of heart disease (age range 1 to 19 years, mean 10.2) with exercise studies in 52 of the children. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 39 of the 71 children within 2 weeks of radionuclide study. Resting left and right ventricular ejection fractions from radionuclide study and catheterization were compared by linear regression analysis: right ventricular ejection fraction, r = 0.83; left ventricular ejection fraction, r = 0.90. Interobserver correlations for right and left ventricular ejection fractions were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. With exercise, the interobserver correlations for right and left ventricle were 0.97 and 0.92, respectively. Thus, right and left ventricular ejection fractions showed good correlations with cineangiographic ejection fractions. Furthermore, it was possible to perform this study in exercising children with no deterioration in interobserver correlations. This technique can provide important information on ventricular function in children and aid in long-term evaluation of current methods of treatment for several congenital heart defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sugar intake and weight and height of pupils of 16 years in South Africa ethnic groups.

In South African ethnic groups--Blacks. Indians, European-African-Malay, and whites--measurements were made on a total of 2037 pupils, aged 16 yr, of sugar intake, weight, and height. In the various subgroups there was no clear-cut trend for high sugar-consuming pupils (upper thirds), compared with low sugar-consuming pupils (lower thirds), to have greater mean weights and heights. presumably, high consumers of sugar eat less of nonsugar foods, and vice versa. In approximate gradings for habitual physical activity, a slight trend was apparent for those in upper thirds to have higher mean sugar intakes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Breakfast habits of adolescents in for South African populations.

Breakfast habits by using questionnaires, were established in a total of 4717 South African pupils of 16 to 18 yr. In the groups of rural and urban Black, Indian, European-African-Malay, and white pupils studied, respective proportions who had no solid breakfast (both sexes combined) were approximately 21, 19, 13, 13, and 14%. Proportions who had only porridge or bread (or toast) plus drink were 77, 73, 61, 71, and 56%. Such breakfast provided ranges of means of 223 to 345 kcal, 9 to 14 g protein, 7 to 18 g fat, 51 to 185 mg calcium, and 3.2 to 5.1 mg iron. Proportions who had a cooked breakfast (including egg, meat, fish), eaten with or without a cereal food, were 1, 4, 17, 8, and 29%. Such meals contributed means of 495 to 704 kcal, 11 to 26 g protein, 24 to 39 g fat, 110 to 225 mg calcium, and 3.9 to 5.5 mg iron. In the South African groups studied, the issue of breakfast or no breakfast had no clear-cut bearing on weight, height, class position, or frequency of absence from school. The degree by which, in a given community, nutrition in general and breakfast in particular, regulates health and/or academic performance, needs proper research in prospective studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Murine xenotropic type C viruses. IV. Replication and pathogenesis of ducks.

The xenotropic (X-tropic) mouse type C virus (MuLV) and its pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) were inoculated into several fertilized developing Pekin duck eggs. The development of the duck embryos was substantially reduced in those receiving the X-tropic viruses compared to eggs inoculated only with tissue culture medium. Infections virus was isolated from some of the adult animals; in others, evidence for integrated virus sequences in the tissues was noted. No specific pathology was found in the ducks that received X-trophic MuLV alone, but one duck developed multiple fibrosarcomas when inoculated at birth with the X-tropic virus pseudotype of MSV. Two ducks receiving X-tropic MuLv had signs of haematopoietic disorders. In addition, more virus-inoculated animals had evidence of hepatitis and encephalitis than control ducks. Antibody production to X-tropic MuLv was present in several ducks inoculated with virus either in embryo or at birth. Absence of antiviral antibodies was noted in those animals whose tissue contained replicating virus. These studies confirm the observations with X-tropic virus in tissue culture. They demonstrate in vivo that avian species are susceptible to infection by the mouse X-tropic virus and that their fibroblasts can be transformed by the X-tropic MuLV pseudotype of MSV.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunological studies on Alternaria sensitivity. Use of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, precipitins and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Characterization of the immunological response to Alternaria in sensitive subjects is not complete. We used crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) to identify antigens in Alternaria extracts reacting with IgE antibody in five patients with Alternaria-sensitive asthma, four with Alternaria-induced rhinitis, three non-allergic asthmatics, and three normal controls. All five Alternaria-asthma patients and three of four Alternaria-rhinitis patients showed IgE binding to a third antigen. These results suggest an analogy of Alternaria antigens with that found in ragweed pollen extracts, i.e. that IgE antibody is directed against more than one antigen. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found a significant difference (P less than 0.05, unpaired Student's t-test) in IgG binding between Alternaria-sensitive asthmatics and normal controls. There was no apparent difference in IgG binding between untreated Alternaria-sensitive asthmatics and those receiving high-dose immunotherapy.

Alternaria↗
PubMed1982

Pneumonia and bacteremia caused by a previously undescribed Moraxella-like bacterium.

Immunocompromised patients are frequently subject to unusual infections. We recently treated a renal allograft recipient for pneumonia due to a hitherto undescribed Moraxella-like bacterium which most closely resembles M-5. M-5 has previously been associated in humans only with dog bites and wound infections. The patient responded well to treatment with aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Susceptibility to these drugs was demonstrated in vitro by a broth dilution technique. On the basis of the known ability of Moraxella species to colonize the oropharynx and the patient's lack of animal exposure, we propose that our patient's illness was secondary to aspiration of colonized oropharyngeal contents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Appendicectomy prevalences in South African adolescents.

From questioning 16,939 South African pupils of 16-18 years, in 56 high schools, mean prevalences of appendicectomies in representative segments of ethnic groups were found to be: rural Blacks 0.6%; urban Blacks 0.7%; Indians, 2.9%; Coloureds (Eur-African-Malay), 1.7%; Whites, 10.5%. Percentages in the sexes were similar. Only those of Indian and Coloured pupils appear to be increasing. Blacks and Whites, respectively, have high and low intakes of fibre-containing foods, which are negatively correlated with appendicectomy prevalences. However, although intakes of fibre-containing foods are slightly higher in Indians and Coloureds than in Whites, the former's appendicectomy prevalences are lower than would be dietarily expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Role of prostaglandin E1 and copper in angiogenesis.

The interstitial fluid of MTW9A and Walker carcinomas and their ethanol extract induced strong angiogenic response in the rabbit (New Zealand White) corneal test. The fluid collected in vivo was rich in E-type prostaglandins, and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in particular was strongly angiogenic at the lowest dose as compared with the angiogenic responses of prostaglandins E2, I2, and F2 alpha. Neoplastic fibroblasts also induced a strong angiogenic response, but in indomethacin-treated rabbits neovascularization failed to occur. Copper was concentrated in the cornea during PGE1-induced neovascularization, and copper-deficient rabbits were unable to mount an angiogenic response in the corneal test. Ceruloplasmin, the copper carrier of plasma, was found to be angiogenic at high doses. In indomethacin-treated rabbits, however, ceruloplasmin at the same high doses failed to induce angiogenesis. The experiments are interpreted to indicate that angiogenesis is the end result of a sequence of events, two of which are PGE1 production and copper mobilization in the tissue where neovascularization occurs.

Alprostadil↗