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Biomedical subjects

J Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J Jones.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Endocarditis of a tricuspid prosthesis causing valvular stenosis and shunting through a patent foramen ovale.

A young intravenous drug user presented with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis involving the tricuspid valve, which was replaced with a Hancock bioprosthesis. She presented again with fever and dyspnea five months later and was found to be cyanotic. Recurrent endocarditis involving the prosthesis with right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale was documented by echo and confirmed at autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandins E and F2 alpha in the developing murine palate.

Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) have been shown to cause changes in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels in a wide variety of tissues. In particular, murine palatal mesenchyme responds to PGE2 stimulation with dose-dependent increases in intracellular cAMP levels. These same mesenchymal cells also synthesize PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. The purpose of this study is to localize PGE and PGF2 alpha in the developing murine palate by using immunohistochemical techniques. Fresh frozen cryostat sections of murine C57BL/6J embryo palates (days 12-14 of gestation) were incubated with anti-PGE or PGF2 alpha monoclonal antibodies. On day 12 of gestation, PGE and PGF2 alpha, identified as 3',3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction products, were localized throughout palatal mesenchyme and epithelium; on day 13 of gestation, reaction product indicative of both PGE and PGF2 alpha was detectable primarily in mesenchyme subjacent to palatal epithelium. Extracellular spaces of the adjacent mesenchyme in the central region of the day 13 palate exhibited less reaction product. Palatal epithelium, particularly the medial edge epithelium, exhibited a diminished amount of reaction product for both prostaglandins on day 13 as compared to the underlying mesenchyme. After formation of a midline epithelial seam between homologous palatal processes on day 14 of gestation, medial edge, oral, and nasal epithelium exhibited light staining for PGE or PGF2 alpha. Palate mesenchymal cells subjacent to the midline seam exhibited a diminished amount of reaction product for both PGE and PGF2 alpha as compared to day 13 of gestation. Overall, the results show local and temporal changes in the distribution of prostaglandins in the developing murine palate.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

When children die: death in current children's literature and its use in a library.

Death and dying are dealt with realistically and sympathetically in current children's literature. Books can play an important role in helping children suffering from catastrophic illness by showing how other children have coped with similar situations; they can also form a basis for bibliotherapy with patients. This paper examines current trends in children's literature and describes how these books have been incorporated into a patient library at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Bibliotherapy↗
PubMed1985

Reflux versus dysphagia: an objective evaluation of the Angelchik prosthesis.

Twenty-seven patients with proven longstanding gastro-oesophageal reflux underwent insertion of an Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis. Preoperative studies included oesophageal manometry, endoscopy, acid reflux provocation test (ARPT) and 24 h oesophageal pH recording (24 h pH). Following operation mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was increased from 11 to 20 cmH2O. ARPT revealed significant pre-prandial reflux before operation in 16/24 compared with only 1/20 postoperatively; 24 h pH also showed an improvement in that 21/22 patients refluxed before operation compared with no significant reflux after. Dysphagia for solids of some degree was seen postoperatively in 26 patients and this was also demonstrated by delay in transit of a marsh-mallow swallow test. Severe dysphagia was seen in 4 patients and in 3 of these was related to rotation and displacement of the prosthesis necessitating removal.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1985

A study of cell mediated and humoral immunity in haemophilia and related disorders.

Helper (OKT4) and suppressor (OKT8) T lymphocyte populations and functional assays of cellular immunity were studied in 37 patients with haemophilia and related disorders in parallel with age matched control subjects. The study included 26 patients with factor VIII (FVIII:C) deficiency, eight patients with factor IX deficiency and three patients with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWd). In patients with factor VIII deficiency low helper T lymphocyte counts, low T helper: suppressor ratios and a diminished response to the lymphocyte mitogen phytohaemagglutinin with decreased natural killer cell activity were observed. Individuals with factor IX deficiency had low absolute T lymphocyte (OKT3) counts and T helper cell counts. Patients with severe factor VIII deficiency (FVIII:C less than 1 u/dl) had lower T helper suppressor ratios and lower killer cell and natural killer cell activity in comparison to mildly affected individuals and all of the severely affected factor IX deficient cases. Studies of humoral immunity revealed a generalized increase in immunoglobulin levels in patients with coagulation disorders of any type. The total haemolytic complement activity was reduced in a significant proportion of haemophilic subjects. Levels of alpha-1-interferon were elevated in the groups of haemophilic subjects studied. The abnormalities of cellular and humoral immunity observed did not correlate with the amount or type of coagulation factor administered to individual patients in the preceding 2 years. The most marked abnormalities of immune function occurred in the one patient diagnosed as suffering from AIDS on clinical grounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nausea and vomiting and dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy in South African women.

Frequency and severity of nausea and of vomiting during pregnancy, and of pronounced dietary cravings and aversions, were determined in a series of South African rural and urban black, Indian, coloured (European-African-Malay) and white women. Frequency of severe nausea ranged from 3.8% in rural blacks to 19.8% in white women, and of severe vomiting from 3.1% in rural blacks to 17.8% in white and Indian women. Proportions in the other groups were intermediate. Pronounced cravings, claimed by 67-84% in the various groups, included sour, savoury and sweet foods, also fruit and milk. Aversions were claimed by 45-81% of the women in the different groups with meat, fish, coffee and fatty foods, the foods most often avoided. Pica, the consumption of such substances as earth, clay, varied ethnically and regionally; frequency was high in rural and urban black women (44.0% and 38.3%), but much lower (5%) in Indian, coloured and white women.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in vitro activities of selected antimicrobial agents against Edwardsiella tarda.

MICs of 14 antimicrobial agents for 29 strains of Edwardsiella tarda were determined by an agar dilution method. Of the agents tested, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin were the most active on a weight basis. All strains were also susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, and gentamicin. Ninety percent of the strains demonstrated high-level resistance to polymyxin B and colistin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Electron microscopy of Golgi-impregnated photoreceptors reveals connections between red and green cones in the turtle retina.

Red and green cones of two turtle species (Pseudemys scripta elegans and Chelydra serpentina) retina have been stained with Golgi procedures and examined by light microscopy of whole-mount tissue and by electron microscopy of serial thin sections. By light microscopy, red and green single cones appear indistinguishable, but double cones can be readily identified. All Golgi-stained photoreceptors in turtle retina have a spray of telodendria radiating from their synaptic pedicles. The telodendria of single cones are 10-20 micron long and end in clusters of terminals, whereas double cones have 30- to 50-micron long telodendria in addition to a very short bush of telodendria arising from one side of the pedicle. Electron microscopy of the Golgi-stained cones allows them to be distinguished into red or green spectral types by the appearance of their oil droplets. Furthermore, the spectral identity of cones contacted by the telodendria of identified Golgi-stained cones can similarly be determined. Red single cones make telodendrial contacts with other red singles, both members of the double cones, and with green single cones. Green single cones likewise connect to many surrounding red cones, both single and double types, and a few other green singles. Both members of the double cone connect to neighboring red and green singles and occasionally to double cones. The telodendria of stained cones end on spectrally homologous or heterologous cone types at basal junctions, central elements of ribbon synapses or, sometimes, as lateral elements of ribbon synapses. However, all these synaptic contacts appear to be of the same type, i.e., narrow-cleft basal junctions. Small gap junctions occur between neighboring cone pedicles, regardless of spectral type, in the visual streak area of the retina. Large gap junctions occur between unidentified cone telodendria in the neuropil of the outer plexiform layer. The telodendrial connections between red and green cones in the turtle retina have the appearance of chemical synapses and suggest an anatomical pathway responsible for the mixing of red and green signals in red or green cones of the turtle retina as reported in the accompanying physiological paper by Normann, Perlman, and Daly (27).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis of prostaglandins and cyclic AMP by cultured embryonic palate mesenchyme at various population densities.

During embryonic development, facial and palate mesenchymal cells exhibit differential growth rates. Normal palatal growth is regulated in part by hormones and growth factors. Because hormonal responsiveness of some cells correlates with their cell density, we have investigated the relationship between embryonic palate mesenchymal cell population density and their ability to synthesize prostaglandins (PGs) and cyclic AMP. Primary cultures of palate mesenchymal cells exhibited typical lag, log, and stationary phases of growth with a doubling time of 32-34 hrs. The ability of cells to produce PGE2 in response to a calcium ionophore (A23187), an activator of phospholipase A2 (melittin), arachidonic acid, or serum was maximal during the period of early exponential growth. Prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis in response to A23187 or arachidonic acid showed a similar transient increase also corresponding temporally to the period of early exponential growth. The ability to synthesize PGF2 alpha in response to melittin, however, failed to diminish after early exponential growth. The pattern of cAMP synthesis in response to isoproterenol and PGE1 was different from that seen for induced prostaglandin synthesis. A transient increase in sensitivity to isoproterenol and PGE1 was seen that corresponded temporally to the period of late exponential growth just prior to attainment of confluency. Decreased sensitivity to stimulation of either prostaglandin or cAMP production as the cells became confluent was shown to be a density-dependent phenomenon; confluent cultures that were subcultured to reestablish logarithmic growth exhibited density-dependent hormonal responses identical to those seen in primary cultures. The ability of palate mesenchymal cells to synthesize both prostaglandins and cAMP, thought to be critical for proper palatal development, might thus be related to local differential craniofacial growth rates.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1985

Use of an automatic refraction device in a Third World country.

The vision welfare services in many Third World countries are compromised by the shortage of trained ophthalmic vision care workers. We investigated the feasibility of fulfilling part of the needs in this area by training local personnel in the use of automatic refraction devices. A nurse from the Vila Base Hospital in Vanuatu was given minimal training in the use of such an instrument (Nikon NR 2000), and given guidelines for the preparation of ophthalmic prescriptions. Sixty-nine subjects in the Village of Mélé in Vanuatu were seen by both the nurse and an optometrist, and the prescriptions issued by both workers were compared. The use of automatic refractors under those conditions holds promise for filling the needs in Third World countries, and suggestions are given for adapting these instruments for the particular conditions encountered during this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Retroperitoneal nodal aplasia, asplenia, chylous effusion and lymphatic dysplasia: an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?

Two adult patients (one in Italy and the other in the USA) are described with similar findings of paraaortic nodal aplasia, asplenism, multiple serous and chylous effusions, and retroperitoneal lymphatic dysplasia. Although the clinical courses are incomplete, this unusual constellation of signs in the setting of normal peripheral lymph trunks suggest an acquired rather than inborn anomaly and possibly a variant acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗