Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Jerger

Publications and source records attributed to J Jerger.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormalities of the acoustic reflex in multiple sclerosis.

Acoustic reflect morphology was examined in 122 patients with a diagnosis of definite multiple sclerosis. Abnormality in some dimension of acoustic reflex morphology was observed in 75 per cent of the study population. The most commonly observed abnormality was an alteration in one or more of the three relative amplitude indices (afferent, efferent, or central pathway index). Other abnormalities included delayed onset latency, delayed offset latency, reduction in absolute amplitude, and threshold elevation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with auditory brainstem response audiometry in pediatric assessment.

We discuss our experience with evaluation of 167 children by auditory brainstem response audiometry in 1978. We summarize experience with referral sources, medication for sedation, and interpretation of test outcome. Medication for sedation was required for 136 children. Concommitant central nervous system involvement rendered auditory brainstem response ambiquous in some children; however, the technique still provide useful information about status of peripheral auditory sensitivity obtainable in no other way. Finally, agreement among auditory brainstem response, behavioral, and impedance audiometry predictions was usually quite good.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inter- versus intrasubject variability in acoustic immitance.

To compare inter- versus intrasubject variability of static acoustic immitance, 10 normal subjects were tested on 10 separate occasions. The ratio of intersubject to intrasubject standard deviations was approximately 10 to 1. These results argue for large sample clinical surveys rather than small sample laboratory studies when one seeks to explore trends in static acoustic immitance as functions of other variables.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric speech intelligibility test: performance-intensity characteristics.

Performance-intensity (PI) functions for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) test materials were obtained in 40 normal-hearing children between 3 and 6 yrs of age. PSI messages were monosyllabic words and sentences presented in quiet and in the presence of a competing speech message. The message-to-competition ratio was constant across intensity levels: +4 dB (words) and O dB (sentences). Maximum speech intelligibility scores were 100% correct in all children for all conditions. The steepness of the PSI-PI functions, defined by the intensity range yielding performance between 20 and 80%, ranged from 8 to 12 dB. Threshold levels (50% correct) ranged from 21 to 26 dB SPL. With one exception, chronological age did not significantly influence the steepness of PSI-PI functions. The exception was the increasing steepness with increasing age noted for sentences in competition. A significant chronological age developmental trend was noted for all speech threshold results.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speech audiometry in the young child.

Normal children between 3 and 6 yrs old generated word and sentence messages for use in a pediatric speech intelligibility (PSI) test. Word materials did not differ as a function of chronological age (CA), vocabulary skills, or receptive language (RL) ability. Elicited sentence materials, however, did reflect differences in CA, vocabulary skills, and RL ability. To represent differences in the children's responses, two different types of test sentences, subsequently referred to as format I and format II sentences, were formed. Performance for format I and format II sentences was significantly different in normal children between 3 and 6 yrs old. Performance differences were related to CA and RL ability. However, performance for format I sentences in children with relatively low RL age and performance for format II sentences in children with relatively high RL age was equivalent. This observation yielded an algorithm that determines the sentence format as a function of a child's RL age in order to yield "language equivalent" norms for speech audiometry. In contrast to performance for PSI sentence materials, performance for PSI word materials was not influenced by differences in RL skill. Reliability coefficients for PSI word and sentence test-retest measures ranged from about 0.85 to 0.95 in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children. Illustrative PSI results in children with confirmed central auditory disorders are presented.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of speech intelligibility in children with recurrent otitis media.

This study defined developmental functions for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility word and sentence materials presented in quiet and in competition for 25 normal children and 25 children with recurrent otitis media. Ages ranged from 24 to 56 mos. In normal children, developmental functions for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility speech materials showed earlier development of performance (1) in quiet than in competition and (2) for words than for sentences (competing condition). In children with otitis media, developmental functions were normal for both words and sentences in quiet and for sentences in competition. However, developmental functions were grossly abnormal for words in competition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric hearing aid evaluation: case reports.

The Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) sentence materials were used to carry out hearing aid evaluations in one child who was too immature to be tested by conventional speech audiometric techniques and in a second child who completed both conventional and PSI procedures. Results indicated that the PSI sentence materials lower the age level at which hearing aid evaluations can be carried out via speech audiometry in young children.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stapedius reflex to electrical stimulation in a patient with a cochlear implant.

In a patient with a multichannel cochlear implant, it was possible to demonstrate stapedius reflex contraction to intracochlear electrical stimulation. Using a standard immittance measurement technique, characteristics of the electrically evoked reflex were compared to analogous characteristics of the acoustically evoked reflex. Latency-intensity functions were similar for the two modes of excitation, but reflex waveform morphology and amplitude growth functions were different.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extra- and intra-axial brain stem auditory disorders.

Auditory symptoms of brain stem disorder depend on the nature of the lesion. This study compared auditory test results in 28 patients with extra-axial, 11 patients with intra-axial, and 6 patients with combined extra-axial and intra-axial brain stem disorders. Patients with extra-axial lesions usually demonstrated (1) sensitivity loss, (2) marked adaptation on Békésy audiometry, (3) impairment in PBmax scores, and (4) auditory symptoms on the ear ipsilateral to the radiographic abnormality. Patients with intra-axial brain stem lesions usually showed (1) slight, if any, sensitivity loss, (2) normal Békésy audiograms, (3) relatively good PBmax scores, and (4) suditory symptoms on both ears or on the ear contralateral to the radiographic disorders. In the patients with combined extra-axial and intra-axial disorders, auditory findings varied in relation to the extent of extra-axial involvement.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantifying auditory handicap. A new approach.

This report describes a new audiovisual test procedure for the quantification of auditory handicap (QUAH). The QUAH test attempts to recreate in the laboratory a series of everyday listening situations. Individual test items represent psychomotor tasks. Data on 53 normal-hearing listeners described performance as a function of the message-to-competition ratio (MCR). Results indicated that, for further studies, an MCR of 0 dB represents the condition above which the task seemed too easy and below which the task appeared too difficult for normal-hearing subjects. The QUAH approach to the measurement of auditory handicap seems promising as an experimental tool. Further studies are needed to describe the relation of QUAH results (1) to clinical audiologic measures and (2) to more traditional indices of auditory handicap.

Adolescent↗