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Biomedical subjects

J Jerger

Publications and source records attributed to J Jerger.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Impact of central auditory processing disorder and cognitive deficit on the self-assessment of hearing handicap in the elderly.

We studied the impact of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) and cognitive deficit (CD) on the self-assessment of hearing handicap in 122 elderly subjects. Self-assessment was quantified by means of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE). Results showed that cognitive impairment exerted no significant effect on the self-assessment of hearing handicap. Subjects with CAPD, however, rated themselves as significantly more handicapped than non-CAPD subjects. Furthermore this difference did not interact with degree of loss. It was present even in subjects without significant peripheral sensitivity loss. These results support the conclusion that CAPD status is a relevant dimension in the evaluation of the elderly subject with or without peripheral hearing loss.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Speech understanding in the elderly.

Both auditory and cognitive status were determined in 130 elderly persons, in the age range from 51 to 91 years. Data were analyzed from the standpoint of the congruence of auditory and cognitive deficits. The prevalence of central auditory processing disorder was 50%, and the prevalence of cognitive deficit was 41%. Findings in the two areas were congruent, however, in only 63% of the total sample. Central auditory status was abnormal in the presence of normal cognitive function in 23% of subjects. Central auditory status was normal in the presence of cognitive deficit in 14% of subjects. In general, results did not support the hypothesis that decline in speech understanding in the elderly can be explained as the consequence of concomitant cognitive decline.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Norms for disproportionate loss in speech intelligibility.

The audiometric records of 324 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss, presumed to be cochlear, were analyzed in order to develop norms for "disproportionate loss" in speech intelligibility. From the scatterplot relating PBmax to PTA2 (average of HTLs at 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz), and the scatterplot relating SSImax to PTA1 (average of HTLs at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz), linear boundaries were constructed encompassing approximately 98% of observed values. A speech intelligibility score (PB or SSI) may be considered "disproportionately poor" if it falls below this empirically derived boundary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comments on "Speech Understanding and Aging".

The hypothesis advanced by the CHABA Working Group on Speech Understanding and Aging [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 859-895 (1986)] that the systematic decline in speech understanding with age might be explained by concomitant decline in extra-auditory cognitive factors was tested by examining speech audiometric findings in patients with dementia. The fact that performance was consistent with normal central auditory function in 12 of 23 such patients, in spite of deficits in immediate memory for spoken material, tolerance of distraction, mental tracking and sequencing, cognitive flexibility, and set shifting argues against the hypothesis that speech understanding deficits in the elderly can be explained as the simple consequence of cognitive decline.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Speech tracking in the evaluation of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis.

Individual speech tracking data were analyzed in relation to other variables in 11 adult users of the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Patients were categorized according to postoperative speech tracking results. The resultant groups could also be differentiated on the basis of postoperative MAC scores, surgeon's rating of overall success, and duration of deafness before implantation. The speech tracking paradigm appears to be a useful technique for the evaluation of performance with a cochlear prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prediction of dynamic range from stapedius reflex in cochlear implant patients.

Amplitude growth functions of the electrically elicited stapedius reflex were compared with behavioral estimates of dynamic range in seven patients using multielectrode cochlear implants. The range between threshold and saturation level of the amplitude growth function usually either encompassed or fell between the preferred and uncomfortable listening levels. Implications of these findings for the initial mapping of electrodes in young children are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of response criterion on measures of speech understanding in the elderly.

Twenty-four elderly subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of response criterion in a signal-detection task. The groups, representing strict, lax, and intermediate listeners, were then compared on the basis of performance on several conventional speech audiometric measures. When the data were corrected for degree of hearing loss, group differences were not significant. Thus, conventional speech audiometric results did not appear to be significantly influenced by response criterion.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Interactions of age, gender, and sensorineural hearing loss on ABR latency.

The interactive effects of gender, age, and degree of sensorineural hearing loss on the absolute latency of wave V of the auditory brain stem response were analyzed in 325 subjects with cochlear loss. Norms based on these data were then applied to an analysis of the wave V latencies of 87 subjects with retrocochlear loss. Results in the cochlear group revealed interactions between gender and age and between gender and degree of hearing loss. The interactive effect between gender and degree of loss was observed for wave V, but not for waves III or I. Separate gender norms for absolute wave V latency, based on empirical boundaries encompassing 99% of the cochlear group, resulted in a 90% correct identification rate in the 87 subjects with retrocochlear lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Specific auditory perceptual dysfunction in a learning disabled child.

An 11 1/2 year old child with learning disability was evaluated with a battery of auditory and linguistic test procedures: electrophysiologic (auditory brain stem, middle latency response, and late potentials), electroacoustic (stapedial reflexes), and behavioral (measures of phonetic-phonologic, syntactic, and semantic processing). The overall pattern of results suggested the presence of an isolated auditory-phonologic processing disorder. Results supported an auditory-perceptual, as opposed to a linguistic-cognitive, model of learning disability.

Aptitude↗
PubMed1987

Suprathreshold abnormalities of the stapedius reflex in acoustic tumor: a series of case reports.

Suprathreshold morphologic characteristics of the acoustic stapedius reflex are reported for five subjects with acoustic tumor. Results support the hypothesis that changes in suprathreshold morphology may be more sensitive to acoustic tumor than conventional reflex threshold and decay measures. Both the afferent relative amplitude index (AI) and measures of sequential variability of individual waveforms appear to be especially promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic audiology: historical perspectives.

In summary, the modern era of diagnostic audiometry began with the era of loudness recruitment in the 1950s, followed closely by the era of acoustic impedance in the 1960s and 1970s and, most recently, the era of evoked potentials in the 1970s and early 1980s. Throughout this period, the era of speech audiometry has grown slowly but steadily. Jay Sanders has made important contributions in each of these areas, but his most important legacy will be the continuing contributions of his many dedicated and loyal students in the years to come.

Audiology↗
PubMed1987

Interaction of age and intersignal interval on acoustic reflex amplitude.

We studied the effect of intersignal interval (ISI) on the averaged acoustic reflex in nine young and nine elderly subjects. Over the range of ISIs from 1.5 to 9 sec, there was an interaction between ISI and age group, but the effect was unique to reflex mode. Results emphasize the importance of measuring both crossed and uncrossed reflex waveforms, in the study of aging, and of controlling the ISI in order to avoid overestimation of aging effects.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1987

Rate and filter dependence of the middle-latency response in infants.

Auditory evoked-potential activity in the 0 to 100-ms latency range was explored using wide-band filtering and a range of stimulus rates, in 8 babies ranging in age from 2 to 6 months. We observed both a stable early positive peak, in the 10 to 15-ms region, and a rate-dependent, positive peak at about 50 ms in all 8 babies. The latter response was best observed at rates of 1-2.5 stimuli/s and seldom observed at rates above 4/s. This peak may represent a developmentally early version of the Pa peak of the adult middle-latency response.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sleep on the auditory steady state evoked potential.

The effects of both natural and sedated sleep on the auditory steady state evoked potential (SSEP) were evaluated in nine normal-hearing subjects. Both absolute amplitude and phase variability measures were obtained by Fourier analysis of successive samples of the averaged SSEP waveform. Amplitude decreased significantly in the sleeping state but phase variability was not substantially altered. Because it does not seem to be affected by sleep, phase variability of the SSEP is suggested as a potentially useful technique for predicting threshold sensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Problems in the clinical measurement of acoustic reflex latency.

Two problems in the clinical measurement of acoustic reflex latency are discussed. First, the rise characteristic of the reflex is affected by the frequency of the eliciting signal. Due to the closed ipsilateral feedback loop system the reflex rises more rapidly at low frequencies than at high frequencies. Second, the temporal characteristic of the measurement apparatus may influence the apparent morphology of the reflex at low frequencies.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1986

Race difference in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss.

Pure-tone audiometric thresholds were compared in 28 black and 28 matched white male Emergency Medical Service firefighters exposed to high levels of ambulance siren noise. Groups were matched on the basis of chronologic age, duration of firefighter employment, and prevalence of nonjob-related noise exposure. Results suggested that whites are more susceptible to the damaging effects of high-level noise than blacks. In both the mid- and high-frequency regions of the audiogram, blacks showed significantly better sensitivity than whites on the poorer ear. On the better ear, the sensitivity difference between blacks and whites widened as employment duration and, therefore, duration of noise exposure, increased.

Adult↗