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Biomedical subjects

J Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to J Jensen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Costimulatory CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on cerebrospinal fluid cells in multiple sclerosis.

The costimulatory CD80 and CD86 molecules were measured by flow cytometry on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood lymphocytes from patients with possible first attacks of multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 25), clinically definite MS (n = 16), and noninflammatory neurological disease control subjects (n = 30). In patients with demyelinating diseases more CSF B cells expressed CD80 than in control subjects whereas the expression of CD86 by T cells in CSF was low in patients with demyelinating disease and highly variable in the control subjects. In patients with possible first attacks of MS the expression pattern of CD80 and CD86 differed significantly between patients with or without intrathecal synthesis of IgG. Increased expression of the CD80 molecule on CSF B cells may be of importance in the pathogenesis of MS. In contrast, CSF T cell expression of CD86 may be associated with protection from MS.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Rapid healing of venous ulcers and lack of clinical rejection with an allogeneic cultured human skin equivalent. Human Skin Equivalent Investigators Group.

OBJECTIVE: To test the safety, efficacy, and immunological impact of a cultured allogeneic human skin equivalent (HSE) in the treatment of venous ulcers. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Multicenter study in the outpatient setting. INTERVENTION: Each patient with a venous ulcer received either compression therapy alone or compression therapy and treatment with HSE. The patients were evaluated for HSE safety, complete (100%) ulcer healing, time to wound closure, wound recurrence, and immune response to the HSE. OUTCOME: The study was completed as planned in 293 randomized patients. RESULTS: Treatment with HSE was more effective than compression therapy in the percentage of patients healed by 6 months (63% vs 49%; P=.02, Fisher exact test, 2-tailed) and the median time to complete wound closure (61 days vs 181 days; P=.003, log-rank test). Treatment with HSE was superior to compression therapy in healing larger (> 1000 mm2; P=.02) and deeper ulcers (P=.003) and ulcers of more than 6 months' duration (P=.001). Occurrence of adverse events was similar in both groups. No symptoms or signs of rejection occurred in response to treatment with HSE, and no HSE-specific immune responses were detected in vitro to bovine collagen or to alloantigens expressed on keratinocytes or fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with HSE healed venous ulcers more rapidly and in more patients than compression therapy alone. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of rejection or sensitization in response to HSE application. These data suggest that HSE represents a significant advance in the treatment of venous ulcers, particularly those that are difficult to heal.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is a round-cell malignancy that manifests most commonly in the paravertebral and intercostal regions. It occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults, between the ages of 10 and 30 yr, and follows an aggressive course with a high recurrence rate. Distant metastasis is also common. The tumor is often confused with other round, small-cell neoplasms, including primitive neuroectodermal tumor, neuroblastoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and lymphoma. This report pertains to a fine-needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of EES, supported by clinicopathologic and fine structural correlations in a 56-yr-old man who presented with a rapidly growing, massive, right groin mass. The smears showed a diffuse cellular population of malignant round cells composed of two types: one group of larger cell exhibiting a thin-rim, pale cytoplasm, less hyperchromatic nuclei, nucleoli, and diffusely dispersed chromatinic nuclear details; and the second group of smaller and darker cells with highly hyperchromatic and almost smudged nuclei. These are chief cells and dark cells, respectively. Special studies revealed significant intracytoplasmic glycogen and positive vimentin and HBA-71 immunostaining. Cytogenetic findings of chromosomal 11;22 translocation is also supportive of the diagnosis of EES.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1998

Utilization of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of neoplastic superior vena caval syndrome.

Superior vena caval syndrome often presents as an acute or subacute oncologic emergency that requires immediate action, usually with high-dose radiotherapy. With improved chemotherapeutic regimens for various malignancies, prompt and appropriate treatment of the syndrome is possible. Tissue diagnosis, therefore, is pursued, but invasive procedures are commonly associated with technical difficulties and complications. We find fine-needle aspiration biopsy a rapid, highly reliable, and well-tolerated procedure in selected situations and herein report 17 patients with initial presentation of superior vena caval syndrome efficaciously diagnosed with fine-needle aspiration cytology. The cell types were eight lung small-cell carcinomas, four poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, two undifferentiated large-cell carcinomas, and one each of malignant large-cell lymphoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and thymic large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Further experience, however, is warranted with this widely available procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Multivesiculated macrophages: their implication in fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung mass lesions.

Alveolar macrophages are almost invariably present in percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lung. They may predominate, appear foamy and finely vesiculated, or may reflect the cellular composition of the lung mass lesion. In a review of 172 cases of "negative for malignant cells" from the percutaneous lung fine-needle aspiration cytology file in an 8-year period at Hines VA Hospital, the vacuolated macrophages were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Among the 53 cases (34%) showing vacuolated macrophages, only 5-25% of the cells were multivesiculated, the cytoplasmic vacuoles were few, focal, and occasionally global, and the majority of the vacuolated macrophages contained anthracotic or hemosiderin pigments. One case exhibited striking multivesiculation in at least 95% of macrophages and also in bronchial and alveolar cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial and inflammatory cells, a finding consistent with amiodarone toxicity (index case 1). The diagnosis was confirmed on subsequent transbronchial lung biopsy. In another patient with clinical HIV infection, the multivesiculation was also seen in 95% of the macrophages with associated acute inflammatory exudate, coccobacilli, and a positive culture for Rhodococcus equi (index case 2). In most cases, the vacuolated macrophages are reactive and inflammatory. Occasionally, as in our index cases they may actually indicate a specific diagnosis.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1998

Cotinine: effects with and without nicotine.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the metabolite of nicotine, cotinine, in comparison to the effects of the nicotine patch, and a combination thereof during cigarette abstinence. More specifically, this study examined the effects of cotinine on physiological measures, subjective measures assessing craving, withdrawal symptoms and mood, and performance measures. A between-subject, 2 x 2 factorial design was used, with the daily administration of a 15-mg nicotine patch (Nicotrol) versus placebo patch as one factor and 80 mg of oral cotinine fumarate versus placebo drug as the other factor. Baseline measures were obtained while the subjects smoked cigarettes on an ad lib basis for 1 week. Subjects (n = 106) were then randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions and for the next 14 days were required to be abstinent from cigarettes and take the study drugs. Cotinine administration, with or without nicotine patch, produced serum cotinine concentrations 3 4 times higher than during ad lib smoking. Results showed a reduction of self-reported tobacco withdrawal symptoms using the nicotine patch alone. Cotinine alone had no effect on withdrawal symptoms. However, when nicotine patch was combined with cotinine, the beneficial effect of the nicotine patch on withdrawal symptoms was absent. Therefore, cotinine appears to antagonize the effects of nicotine in the alleviation of withdrawal symptoms at concentrations higher than that attained from normal smoking. This effect does not appear to be mediated by changes in nicotine disposition.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Projections and actions of tachykininergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic neurones in the intestine of the atlantic cod.

The native tachykinins cod neurokinin A and cod substance P, serotonin and acetylcholine have excitatory effects on the circular smooth muscle of the cod intestine. Furthermore, immunoreactivities to the cod tachykinins, serotonin and two markers for cholinergic neurones, viz. choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter, have been demonstrated in myenteric neurones of the cod intestine. In order to elucidate whether the neurones containing these substances project orally and thus might be involved in the ascending excitatory reflex of peristalsis, myotomy operations have been performed on the cod intestine. The immunoreactive areas of the myenteric plexus immediately oral and anal to the myotomy operations have been measured by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Large accumulations of immunoreactivity to the tachykinins are found on the anal side of the myotomies, indicating oral projections of tachykininergic neurones. The areas immunoreactive to serotonin and choline acetyltransferase are of equal size on the oral and anal sides. Since the tachykinin containing neurones of the intestine project orally, and since cod neurokinin A and cod substance P have excitatory effects on circular smooth muscle, we conclude that tachykininergic neurones are involved in the ascending excitatory reflex of peristalsis in the cod intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Counseling and motivational videotapes increase duration of breast-feeding in African-American WIC participants who initiate breast-feeding.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative effects introducing motivational videotapes and/or peer counseling in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics serving African-American women have on breast-feeding duration. DESIGN: Experimental intervention study. Pregnant women were enrolled at or before 24 weeks gestation and were followed up until postpartum week 16. Women were interviewed at enrollment, 7 to 10 days, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks postpartum. SUNJECTS/SETTING: One hundred fifteen African-American WIC participants who initiated breast-feeding and who had been enrolled in 1 of 4 clinics. INTERVENTION: Two-by-two factorial design, in which 4 clinics were randomly assigned to receive either no intervention, a motivational video package intervention, a peer-counseling intervention, or both interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Breast-feeding duration in weeks and relative risk ratios for breast-feeding cessation before 16 weeks postpartum. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Contingency table analysis, including chi2 tests and log-rank tests; multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: A higher proportion of women were breast-feeding at 8 and 16 weeks postpartum in the intervention clinics than in the control clinic. The proportion of women reporting breast-feeding declined at 8 and 16 weeks postpartum, but the rate of decline was slower in the 3 intervention clinics than in the control clinic. Being younger than 19 years of age or older than 25 years of age, having a male infant, and returning to work or school all negatively affected breastfeeding duration, whereas previous breast-feeding experience positively influenced breast-feeding duration. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: WIC-based peer counselor support and motivational videos can positively affect the duration of breast-feeding among African-American women. WIC nutritionists and other health professionals in contact with this population should expand their efforts toward promoting increased duration of breast-feeding.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1998

Pattern of injuries due to interpersonal violence.

The specific aim of this study was to find characteristics of violence-related injuries, its anatomic distribution and the mechanisms. During a one-year period 1481 consecutive assault victims were interviewed and examined at the Accident and Emergency departments or the Department of Forensic Medicine in Aarhus, Denmark. Information about 2432 violence-related injuries was analysed. The results showed significant differences in injury location, type of injury and injury mechanisms between male and female victims. 69% of all injuries were craniofacial. The injury mechanism was mostly blunt trauma by fist or feet. Cases with penetrating trauma, were predominantly caused by broken drinking glasses. Weapons such as knives and guns only caused 3.7% of all injuries. The results are similar to other studies.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Development of postural responses during standing in healthy children and children with spastic diplegia.

Studies on the development of balance control show a clear developmental progression of the emergence of organized muscle response patterns, with tonic background muscle activity decreasing and phasic bursts of activity emerging in all three agonist muscles in a synergic group (gastrocnemius-hamstrings-trunk extensors or tibialis anterior-quadriceps-abdominals) just prior to the onset of independent stance. The rudimentary ability to adapt postural responses to changing task conditions is present in children as young as 1 year of age. Older children with spastic diplegia have muscle activation patterns typically seen in normal children who are at the pull-to-stand stage of development, including poorly organized (proximal activated before distal muscles) responses with a high degree of antagonist co-activation. When normal children were asked to stand in a crouched posture like the CP children, the additional constraint caused muscle response patterns to resemble those of CP children, suggesting that differences in balance control in CP children are due to both CNS deficits and biomechanical changes in postural alignment.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Reconstruction of residual alveolar cleft defects with one-stage mandibular bone grafts and osseointegrated implants.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates a treatment regimen for reconstruction of residual maxillary alveolar cleft defects consisting of mandibular bone grafting and immediate implant installation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen cleft patients (five female and 11 male) had residual cleft defects of the alveolar ridge reconstructed with bone grafts from the mandibular symphyseal region. The bone graft was pretapped at the donor site before fixation in the residual ridge with Brånemark implants. Twenty implants were installed according to this concept. The period of observation ranged from 36 to 69 months, with a mean of 48 months after implant installation. RESULTS: Five patients developed wound dehiscenses that resulted in total or partial bone graft sequestration. Two implants were lost, one due to sequestration and the other due to mobility at the abutment procedure; 18 implants were still well functioning at the end of the observation period. However, all patients showed significant periimplant bone resorption after this one-stage treatment. CONCLUSION: Because of the observed complication rate, the one-stage procedure may not be optimal for reconstructing residual cleft defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

In vitro analysis of the accuracy of subtraction radiography and computed tomography scanning for determination of bone graft volume.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the accuracy of digital subtraction radiography (DSR) and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) for determination of bone graft volume in the maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized bone defects were made on the top of the alveolar ridge in 10 dry pig mandibles. To resemble the clinical situation, a bone block was harvested from the symphyseal region of the mandible and fixed in the defect. True bone graft volume was determined by the water displacement technique (VOL I) and correlated to direct measurements by calipers (VOL II). The mean gray value of the bone graft as imaged by DSR was correlated to the directly measured thickness. Furthermore, VOL I was correlated to the 3D CT of the bone graft (VOL III) and to the 3D CT with the bone graft fixed in the defect (VOL IV). RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between VOL I and VOL II (r = .95), whereas there was a poorer correlation between mean gray level in DSR and measured bone thickness (r = .63). A strong correlation was also registered between VOL I and VOL III (r = .97) and VOL I and VOL IV (r = .97).

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1998

Clinical magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic findings in knees: a comparative prospective study of meniscus anterior cruciate ligament and cartilage lesions.

We compared the diagnostic and predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings with arthroscopy in 61 knees in a prospective study. In meniscal tears, the accuracy and positive predictive value of MRI was found to be nearly twice that of clinical examination. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of MRI were comparable to the figures found in other studies. We recommend MRI as a clarifying diagnostic tool when a clinical examination indicates a lesion of the meniscus. In our study, the clinical relevance of MRI in anterior cruciate ligament lesions and especially in cartilage lesions was more doubtful. The combination of clinical and MRI findings would reduce the number of blank arthroscopies to 5%. MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool in planning the type of anesthesia and treatment, and could significantly reduce the need for a second arthroscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Volumetry of bone grafts by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction: an animal study in the minipig.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of 3D-CT reconstruction for determination of bone graft volume in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight minipigs had bone graft reconstruction of an alveolar ridge defect. The true volume of the graft (VOL I) was determined by Archimedes principle before reconstruction. Following fixation, axial CT-scans (1 mm slice thickness with 50% overlap) were performed and segmented into grafted and residual bone for 3D-reconstruction. Using the volume tool of the 3D program the volume (VOL II) was calculated. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between VOL I and VOL II (r = 0.93, P = 0.001). There was a tendency, which was not statistically significant, to overestimate the volume measured by 3D-CT. CONCLUSION: The volume of a bone graft can be determined by 3D-CT. However, further refinements of the technique are needed to improve the accuracy.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1998

Intrathecal synthesis of free immunoglobulin light chains in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The detection of oligoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was compared to IgG isoelectric focusing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from 69 patients with possible first attacks of MS, 50 patients with clinically definite MS (CDMS), and 118 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) were analyzed. IgG and FLC oligoclonal bands were detected by isoelectric focusing and immunoperoxidase staining. RESULTS: Intrathecal synthesis of IgG, kappa FLC, and lambda FLC oligoclonal bands, respectively, was seen in 92%, 92%, and 86% of MS patients; in 61%, 62%, and 64% of patients with possible first attacks of MS; and in 3%, 3%, and 8% of the patients with OND. In control patients without IgG synthesis intrathecal lambda FLC synthesis was more common than kappa FLC synthesis (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Kappa FLC detection proved as useful as IgG analysis for the laboratory diagnosis of MS whereas the presence of intrathecal lambda FLC synthesis was less specific.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1998

Creatine supplementation delays onset of fatigue during repeated bouts of sprint running.

In this study we have investigated the effect of creatine supplementation on performance of repeated sprint runs in well-trained young male handball players. The subjects participated in a test before supplementation (T1) and then received creatine (15 g/d) or placebo for five days before a second test was carried out (T2). Following T2, a low dose of creatine (2 g/d) or placebo was maintained for an additional nine days before the third test was performed (T3). The tests consisted of eight 40 m maximal sprint runs with a 25-s rest period between each sprint. Run time was reduced on the last three sprint runs after five days with high doses of creatine supplementation compared to T1 (P < 0.05). Although the run time during the last three sprints was still significantly lower after supplementation of low doses of creatine compared to T1, analysis of variance showed only a tendency for an interaction between test day and random group (P = 0.14). No improvement was seen in the placebo group. Blood lactate was similar at T1 and T2 in the creatine and placebo groups. In conclusion, high doses of creatine supplementation improve performance during repeated sprint runs in well-trained handball players. Further studies are needed to clarify whether low doses of creatine supplementation, after a period with supplementation of high doses, are able to maintain improved performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Female seafarers adopt the high risk lifestyle of male seafarers.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mortality of women in an occupation known to have a high mortality among men. METHODS: A total of 6788 female seafarers of all job categories who had been employed on Danish merchant ships, passenger ships, and privately owned ferries between 1986 and 1993, were followed up until the end of 1993. RESULTS: Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.89 to 1.58) for all causes of death and job categories together. For women in traditionally male jobs, SMR was 2.82 (1.41-5.05), whereas galley and catering staff had SMRs close to the general female population. The high mortality among women in traditional male jobs could be explained by a high risk of fatal accidents including occupational accidents. In the whole cohort, there were fewer deaths from natural causes than expected but an excess risk of death due to lung cancer, heart diseases, and non-natural deaths. CONCLUSION: The increased mortality could primarily be explained by an excess risk of fatal accidents and suicide. Especially, female seafarers entering traditional male jobs had a high risk of fatal accidents, not only at sea but also ashore. An excess risk of dying of lung cancer and heart diseases probably reflects a high tobacco consumption. Female seafarers are probably influenced by their occupation towards hazardous behaviour and a high risk lifestyle but people with a high risk lifestyle may also be attracted by or forced into high risk jobs such as traditional male jobs at sea.

Accidents↗