Administrative shifting alters job roles.
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Data Collection↗
Biomedical subjects
J Jensen
Publications and source records attributed to J Jensen.
The epidemiology of fractures of the proximal humerus.
Sevenhundred and thirty proximal humeral fractures, taken from a 5-year period, were entered in this study. We found a higher total incidence rate than that previously seen: 73/100,000 population. Twenty-nine percent of the patients required hospitalization; 75% of these were over 60 years old. Only 21% of these were operated on, the majority of admissions being for social reasons. A total of 583 bed-days were used each year in the Aarhus City area (250,000 inhabitants). The majority of fractures resulted from falls on level ground. The elderly fell at home, while the younger people fell in public areas. Traffic accidents and work accidents were seldom seen. The accidents occurred typically around midday and before midnight, and mostly in December and January. Half of the fractures were two-part fractures of the surgical neck, while fractures of the greater tubercle and three-part fractures accounted for 21% and 17%, respectively. Based on current developments in the population average life span, it can be expected that proximal fractures will increase the hospital workload significantly in the future.
Accidental Falls↗
The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations.
In an urban population of a quarter of a million, all shoulder dislocations that occurred in a 5-year period were recorded. A total of 216 shoulder dislocations were seen, 53.3% in men. The overall incidence rate was 17/100,000 per year. Incidence peaks were found in the age-group 21-30 years among men and in the age-group 61-80 years among women. Significantly more patients in the older age groups, and especially women, dislocated at home by falling on an outstretched arm, whereas the younger age-groups most frequently dislocated outside the home, e.g., on sports fields. A considerable number of patients (18.6%) were hospitalized, and 85.5% of the patients required outpatient follow-up. Prophylactic measures should be taken especially to increase the safety of the elderly in their homes.
Accidental Falls↗
Importance of blood volume cultured in the detection of bacteremia.
The influence of the volume of blood cultured on the rate of detection of bacteremia was evaluated in a routine 12-tube blood culture system using 1693 samples from 1502 patients. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously into two transport tubes. The blood volume cultured was the only varying parameter. Generally, 17% more cultures with clinically significant microorganisms (both Enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive cocci) were found when blood from two instead of one tube was used (in most cases comparing 13-16 ml of blood with 6.5-8 ml). Of the most prevalent species, the maximum average extra yield was observed for Staphylococcus aureus (26%) followed by Escherichia coli (16%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (12%). In adults most cases of bacteremia are low-grade. The grade of bacteremia in our patient population was on average as low as 0.25 CFU/ml blood. Therefore, all patients suspected of having bacteremia should have the benefit of a sufficient volume of blood cultured. Since the volume of blood cultured seems to be the single most important factor in the detection of bacteremia, it is imperative that the volume is the same in comparative studies of different blood culture systems.
Bacteria↗
Changes in soft tissue body composition and plasma lipid metabolism during nandrolone decanoate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
Thirty-nine osteoporotic (prior spine or Colles' fracture) but otherwise healthy postmenopausal women were allocated to receive blindly either 50 mg nandrolone decanoate (ND) intramuscularly or placebo injections every 3 weeks for 1 year. Thirty-six women (92%) completed the study. ND treatment resulted in an increase in non-osseous lean weight and a corresponding decrease in fat mass (measured by dual photon absorptiometry). A 20% increase in the 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion indicated that the increase in non-osseous lean weight was caused mainly by an increase in muscle mass. With regard to serum lipids and lipoproteins, ND treatment slightly decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without significantly affecting total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or triglycerides. In conclusion, treatment with ND changes the soft tissue composition in osteoporotic postmenopausal women towards a leaner and more muscular body.
Adipose Tissue↗
The mature erythrocyte surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum is not required for knobs or cytoadherence.
Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites at the trophozoite and schizont stages synthesize a greater than 200-kDa protein, the mature erythrocyte surface antigen (MESA), that is localized at the membrane of infected red blood cells and manifests size polymorphism and antigenic diversity among parasite isolates. Because MESA is localized in the host cell membrane, we examined parasites with differing knob and cytoadherence phenotypes to determine whether MESA expression correlated with knob formation and cytoadherence. A cloned line of P. falciparum that was cultured with repeated selection for the knobbed and cytoadherent phenotypes did not express MESA, due to at least partial deletion of the single-copy MESA gene. In contrast, parasites from the same clone that were cultured without this selection lost the knobbed and cytoadherent phenotypes, but continued to express MESA. These results indicate that MESA is apparently not required for differentiation and multiplication of erythrocyte stage P. falciparum parasites in vitro, or for knob formation and cytoadherence. We speculate that MESA may have a role in evasion of the host immune response by P. falciparum.
Animals↗
Determinants of visual evoked potentials in preterm infants.
The latency and amplitude of N1, the first negative peak of single flash visual evoked cortical potentials (VEP) were evaluated in 86 preterm infants (25-34 weeks of gestation), investigated during the first day of life. All infants were regarded stable at the time of investigation and none had experienced severe asphyxia. Both the VEP latency and amplitude were inversely related to gestational age. When latency was corrected for age it was longer in boys than in girls. Age corrected VEP amplitude was inversely related to head circumference, umbilical cord pH and EEG activity. There was no difference between VEP parameters in asymmetrically growth retardated infants compared to those with normal growth. Administration of dexamethasone to the mother before delivery, mode of delivery, presence of hyaline membrane disease, mode of assisted ventilation or imminent development of periintraventricular haemorrhage did not affect the VEP.
Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
Long-term and withdrawal effects of two different oestrogen-progestogen combinations on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in post-menopausal women.
Serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 86 healthy post-menopausal women at 3-monthly intervals throughout 2 yr of treatment with cyclic oestradiol valerate plus cyproterone acetate (E2V + CPA), continuous 17 beta-oestradiol plus norethisterone acetate (E2 + NETA), or placebo. Withdrawal effects were also investigated. Serum oestrogen levels were similar following the 2 hormone regimens. Serum total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly reduced by 5-8% during cyclic E2V + CPA therapy and by 15-20% during continuous E2 + NETA treatment. The concentrations remained significantly reduced throughout the 2 yr of treatment. Virtually no changes were observed in the placebo group. High-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced in relation to pretreatment values during the first year of continuous E2 + NETA therapy, but were not significantly different from the levels in the cyclic E2V + CPA or the placebo groups. Serum triglyceride levels remained almost constant in all the groups. Withdrawal of hormone therapy resulted in steep increases in total and LDL-cholesterol, the levels returning to pretreatment values. A similar increase in HDL-cholesterol was observed in the E2 + NETA group, following withdrawal. Vaginal bleeding episodes were experienced by all the women receiving the E2V + CPA regimen and they occurred regularly in 63% of the women. Fifty-two (52) percent of the women receiving E2 + NETA did not bleed at all. The results of the present study suggest that the continuous addition of NETA may enhance the oestrogen-induced changes in total and LDL-cholesterol, whereas only minor changes in the oestrogen-induced effects on these variables are produced by the cyclic addition of CPA. However, in the case of HDL-cholesterol, the antagonistic effect of CPA seems to be moderate in comparison with that of NETA.
Cholesterol, HDL↗
Gastrin/CCK-like peptides in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias; concentrations and actions in the gut.
1. The presence of gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactive material in both muscle and mucosal layers of the whole gut, except the cardiac stomach, in Squalus acanthias has been confirmed by radioimmunoassay. The highest levels were measured in rectum and spiral intestine respectively. 2. Fractionation of the spiral intestine mucosal extract on DEAE 52 columns indicated the presence of multiple forms of gastrin/CCK in the elasmobranch gut. 3. Synthetic mammalian gastrin- and CCK-like peptides, when effective, increased the rhythmic activity and sometimes the basal tonus in smooth muscle preparations from the intestine or rectum. 4. The irregular effects of mammalian peptides on the motility indicated an essential difference from the mammalian counterpart in the structure of the elasmobranch peptide present in the gastrointestinal nerves.
Animals↗
Immunochemical estimations of allergenic activities from outdoor aero-allergens, collected by a high-volume air sampler.
To quantify airborne allergens in amorphus and morphological particles, a survey with collection of aero-allergens on glass fibre filters by means of a high-volume air-sampler (HIVOL) was conducted. In preliminary laboratory experiments we compared various filter elution techniques, and the pulverizing elution technique was found to be optimal with regard to yield and convenience. When a surfactant, Tween 20 (0.5% v/v), was added to the elution buffer, a recovery of 80% could be obtained. Allergens in eluates were analysed by means of an IgG-subclass RAST inhibition assay. This immunochemical method for quantification of airborne allergens was validated, as a high recovery of timothy grass pollen allergens was eluted from air filters, and eluates were shown specific by RAST inhibition. The amount of immunochemically measured airborne timothy and birch allergens collected by means of the HIVOL sampler was highly correlated with pollen counts obtained with a Burkard sampler (pollen trap) situated in the same place.
Air Pollutants↗
Dimensional approach to infantile autism in mentally retarded adults.
By use of latent trait models, a 7-item autism rating scale was established, based on the Medical Research Council's Schedule of Handicaps, Behaviours and Skills. Data from a community-based sample of 302 mentally retarded adults were assigning good internal validity to the autism scale, and revealing a distribution of symptoms consistent with dimensional, rather than categorical, distribution of infantile autism. A total of 23 (7.6%) of the sample were earlier diagnosed as suffering from infantile autism. Using this clinical diagnosis as a reference, the autism rating scale, with a cut-off point at greater than or equal to 2, established diagnoses with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.89.
Adult↗
Adrenaline-mediated glycogenolysis in different skeletal muscle fibre types in the anaesthetized rat.
The effect of adrenaline infusion on glycogen breakdown in different muscle fibres types in resting extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus was investigated with histochemical methods. During adrenaline infusion the glycogen content in type IIB and type IIA fibres in EDL, as measured in PAS-stained sections, decreased 24.5% and 11.5% respectively. The glycogen content in type I fibres in EDL and in type I, type IIA and T-fibres in soleus did not change during adrenaline infusion. The present study shows that adrenaline infusion has different effects on glycogen breakdown in the different fibre types in EDL and a different effect on type IIA fibres in EDL and soleus. So far, the reason for these differences is unknown.
Animals↗
Comparison of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA intron splicing in the extreme thermophile and archaebacterium Desulfurococcus mobilis.
The structure of the exon-intron boundary was compared for an intron within 23S ribosomal RNA of Desulfurococcus mobilis and a newly discovered intron in tRNA(Met) from the same organism. The occurrence of a putative common structural feature suggests that intron excision occurs by the same mechanism. The possible recognition of this structural feature by the cleavage enzyme was investigated for the ribosomal RNA intron using RNA substrates exhibiting various exon and intron deletions. The results support the involvement of the structural features in the cleavage process. The evolutionary implications of these results are considered.
Archaea↗
Clinical characteristics of the Munchausen syndrome. A review and 3 new case histories.
The term Munchausen syndrome was introduced by Asher in 1951 for the description of patients who tell fantastic stories and deliberately seek repeated hospitalizations at different hospitals for simulated or self-induced acute illnesses. The syndrome has been repeatedly criticized and several other eponyms have been suggested. In DSM-III-R the designation chronic factitious disorder is used synonymously with Munchausen syndrome. On the basis of 3 new case reports and a statistic processing of literature case histories, this paper suggests that when using the original criteria by Asher, the syndrome constitutes a subtype of chronic factitious disorders, specially characterized by factitious illness, peregrination, pseudologia fantastica and dramatic admission circumstances. Further, most of the criticism of the syndrome may be a result of the great variability in definitions and diagnostic criteria used by different authors. Other clinical characteristics of the patients as well as psychopathologic and psychodynamic considerations are briefly discussed.
Adult↗
A method for evaluating collection agency performance.
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Accounting↗
Postmastectomy seroma. A study of the nature and origin of seroma after mastectomy.
To investigate the nature and origin of postmastectomy seroma, the concentration of IgG, the number of leucocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes in the drain fluid and seroma aspirates was studied in breast cancer patients after mastectomy. The composition of the fluid and aspirates and the time-related changes of the investigated criteria suggested that 1) seroma is not an accumulation of serum, but an exudate, 2) the exudate is an element in an acute inflammatory reaction, i.e. the first phase of wound repair, and 3) seroma formation reflects an increased intensity and a prolongation of this phase. By paying attention to factors influencing the duration and intensity of the first phase of wound repair, it should be possible to reduce the occurrence of seroma.
Acute-Phase Reaction↗
Bombesin-like immunoreactivity and the effect of bombesin in the gut, circulatory system and lung of the caiman, Caiman crocodylus crocodylus, and the crocodile, Crocodylus porosus.
The presence of bombesin-like material in nerves and endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal canal, the circulatory system and the lung of the caiman, Caiman crocodylus crocodylus, has been investigated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The effect of bombesin has been studied on the vascularly perfused lung and on isolated strip preparations of the gut wall of the caiman, and on the circulatory system in vivo in both the caiman and the crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Bombesin-like immunoreactivity is present in water and acid extracts of the muscle layer and the mucosal layer of the gut. IHC demonstrated a dense network of nerve fibres in the sub-mucosa, circular muscle layer and myenteric plexus of the whole gut. A more sparse innervation by single fibres often following septal edges or small vessels is found in the lung. Systemic vessels are innervated by a loose plexus of small fibre bundles. The levels of immunoreactive material in the lung and heart were low. Bombesin is excitatory on strip preparations of the smooth muscle layers of the intestinal wall, and causes an increase in inflow resistance in the perfused lung. In vivo, bombesin increases the blood flow in the left aorta and the coeliac artery.
Alligators and Crocodiles↗
Differential anxiety symptoms in cocaine vs. alcoholic patients.
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Alcoholism↗