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Biomedical subjects

J Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to J Jensen.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Zygomatic fractures and infraorbital nerve disturbances. Miniplate osteosynthesis vs. other treatment modalities.

The present paper reviews the results obtained with different modalities of treatment employed in isolated fractures of the zygomatic complex. Seventy-three patients were re-examined with respect to infraorbital nerve function. The results obtained suggest that the incidence of hypoaesthesia of the infraorbital nerve following fracture of the zygomatic complex can be reduced if rigid fixation is applied on the infraorbital rim. The zygomatic bone is a protruding part of the human skeleton and is therefore easily affected by trauma to the facial region. The etiology and clinical appearance of fractures of the zygomatic complex are well known and previously described in detail (Afzelius and Rosen 1980, Ellis et al. 1985, Jungell and Lindqvist 1987). Fractures of the zygomatic complex are rarely fractures of the zygoma itself but of its connection to the skull and facial skeleton, e.g. the frontozygomatic suture, the zygomatico-maxillary suture, the zygomatic arch and the infraorbital rim. A fracture of the infraorbital rim usually involves the infraorbital foramen or bone close to it. Such a fracture also extends into the orbital floor through or adjacent to the infraorbital canal. Dislocation of the fractured zygomatic complex may thus result in injury to or compression of the infraorbital nerve. Such an injury may cause numbness/hypoaesthesia/dysaesthesia in the distribution of the nerve. Accordingly, reduced infraorbital nerve function is a frequently reported sequela of fractures of the zygomatic complex. Thus impaired infraorbital nerve function prior to treatment has been reported to occur in approximately 80% of such cases (Table 1). With respect to persistent impaired function of the infraorbital nerve, the literature demonstrates varying results following different types of treatment, ranging from 22% to 50% persistent hypoaesthesia (Table 1). Interestingly, the return of infraorbital nerve function continues with an extended observation period between treatment and follow-up and it has been claimed that infraorbital nerve function may continue to improve even after one year following injury/surgery (Afzelius and Rosen 1980). Cases with persistent and disturbing impaired function of the infraorbital nerve may be considered for decompressive nerve surgery or microsurgical reconstruction of the infraorbital nerve (Mozsary and Middleton 1983). The present report is a retrospective study and aimed to evaluate the recovery of infraorbital nerve function obtained with different modalities of treatment of isolated fractures of the zygomatic complex.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of mandibular fractures with or without intermaxillary fixation--a comparative study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate titanium miniplates for treatment of mandibular fractures compared to routine treatment of the department (control). The study included 74 dentate patients with fractures within the tooth bearing regions of the mandible. Two groups of patients were studied:(A), 42 patients with unilateral fractures of the angle or anterior to the mental foramen and (B), 32 patients with bilateral fractures of the mandible. Patients with unilateral fractures were randomized for the control group (n = 20) or the experimental group (n = 22). Group B included two groups of patients, a control group of 16 consecutive patients previously treated, and an experimental group of 16 consecutive prospectively studied patients. All patients in the control groups received open reduction and IMF for 5 weeks. Fractures of the angle were stabilized with an 0.4 stainless-steel wire superior border osteosynthesis, whereas fractures anterior to the mental foramen were treated with a stainless steel plate osteosynthesis. Patients in the experimental groups were treated with IMF only during surgery, thereafter the IMF was released. In fractures of the angle, one titanium mini-plate was used, whereas two were employed in fractures anterior to the mental foramen. The results were comparable in both groups with respect to occlusion and complications. We conclude that the titanium mini-plates offer sufficient stabilization of mandibular fractures to allow treatment without post-reduction IMF. This technique is associated with a low complication rate and reduced morbidity as compared to conventional treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Long-term results of total condylar knee alloplasty by the Insall-Burstein method. A follow-up after 9-11 years].

A total of 118 patients (164 knees) participated in this investigation. These consisted of 23 males (31 knees) and 95 females (113 knees). The average age was 63 years (24-80 years) and the average period of observation was 10 years (9-11 years). The patients were examined clinically and radiographically preoperatively and also 8-12 weeks postoperatively and at intervals of one year thereafter. The Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating scale was employed in the clinical assessment and The Knee Society recognized radiolucency index in the radiographic assessment. At the most recent control examination, 82% of the knees assessed showed excellent or good results, 9% had fair results and 9% poor. The median total score was 84 points (quartiles: 76 and 98). Complete freedom from pain or slight pain were found in 91%. The range of motion was increased by an average of 12 degrees. A considerable improvement in the walking ability was found. A significantly positive correlation was found between the varus positioning of the tibial component and the occurrence of translucent zones. Serious complications occurred in 10% but none proved fatal.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Employers look to hospitals to help control costs.

The high cost of health insurance for employees is forcing employers to take a second look at ways to control their rising costs, and they are looking for help from hospitals, according to a national study conducted by National Research Corp. In addition, four out of 10 employers surveyed said they believe more taxes should be shifted to hospitals and healthcare services.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1991

Proventriculotomy to relieve foreign body impaction in ostriches.

A study was conducted to identify the clinical signs associated with impaction of the proventriculus in ostriches, to identify diagnostic aids, and to develop a surgical procedure for management of the disorder. Clinical signs indicating the need for surgical intervention included chronic inappetance, a change in fecal consistency or production, dehydration, weight loss, and failure to respond to laxatives. Diagnosis of impacted proventriculus was by abdominal radiography and external palpation. Impactions were caused by sand and rocks (5 ostriches), hay and sand (1 ostrich), and leaves (1 ostrich). After surgery, 5 of the ostriches were clinically normal within (mean) 1 week. One ostrich failed to regain a normal appetite until 2 weeks after surgery, and one juvenile ostrich died after surgery. Of the 6 ostriches that survived, 1 died 1 week after discharge from the hospital. The remaining birds survived without redevelopment of impaction.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

Providers give rationing substantial support.

Rationing healthcare services to help control soaring medical costs gets more support from providers than from consumers or employers, a recent survey of consumers, business executives and healthcare professionals shows. When asked whether healthcare should be rationed, 57% of the hospital chief executive officers and 46% of the physicians said "yes". But only 29% of the employers and 16% of the consumers agreed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of changes in testosterone concentrations after strength and endurance exercise in well trained men.

Changes in the testosterone concentrations after single sessions of endurance and strength training were measured in seven well trained men, experienced in both forms of training. Both training sessions were rated as hard to very hard on the Borg scale. Blood samples for testosterone measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 2, 4 and 6 h after the training sessions as well as the next morning. The mean testosterone concentration increased 27% (P less than 0.02) and 37% (P less than 0.02) during the strength and endurance training session, respectively. Two hours after the training sessions the mean testosterone concentration had returned to the pre-training level and remained at that level for the length of the observation period. There were no significant differences in the changes in testosterone concentration after strength and endurance training but there were large differences in the testosterone response at the level of the individual. A high correlation (r = 0.98; P less than 0.001) for individuals was found between increases in testosterone concentration after strength and after endurance training. It was concluded that the changes in mean testosterone values followed the same timecourse after single sessions of strength and endurance training of the same duration and perceived exertion. The interindividual differences in testosterone response may be of importance for individual adaptation to training.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Tachykinins and intestinal motility in different fish groups.

The presence and function of tachykinins were studied in the intestine of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), starry ray (Raja radiata), lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa), bichir (Polypterus senegalensis), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which represent different systematic groups of fish. Immunohistochemistry revealed cells containing substance P (SP)-like material in the intestine of lamprey and lungfish, and in the stomach of the ray. The intestinal motility was studied using isolated muscle strip preparations. SP had no effect on hagfish or lamprey intestine. In the other four species SP produced intestinal contractions. In ray, bichir, and lungfish the tachykinins may be released from endocrine cells and act, at least in the bichir and lungfish, directly onto the smooth muscle cells. In the rainbow trout intestine, where SP-like material may be released from both nerve fibres and endocrine cells, it is indicated that the contractile effect is in part direct upon the smooth muscle and in part via stimulation of cholinergic and serotonergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of infection by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in vitro on interleukin-1 activity of bovine monocytes.

The effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in vitro on the interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity of bovine monocytes was studied. Supernatants from BVDV-infected monocytes suppressed IL-1-stimulated proliferation of mouse thymocytes and masked lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-1 activity of bovine monocytes in the mouse comitogen thymocyte assay. Suppression of mouse thymocyte proliferation was restored by the addition of IL-1. IL-1 inhibitory activity was induced both by the prototype variants BVDV/NADL cytopathic and BVDV/NY-1 noncytopathic and by BVDV variants isolated from persistently infected cattle. Suppressed IL-1 activity was also found in supernatants from monocytes from persistently infected cattle following infection with BVDV in vitro. No differences in levels of IL-1 mRNA synthesis were detected between BVDV-infected and uninfected monocytes by RNA-cDNA hybridization. These results suggest that infection of bovine monocytes with BVDV results in the production and/or activation of a soluble inhibitor of IL-1 activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Autogenous mandibular bone grafts and osseointegrated implants for reconstruction of the severely atrophied maxilla: a preliminary report.

The purpose of this study is to present results obtained with a new procedure for reconstruction of the severely atrophied maxillary alveolar ridge that involves the use of intramembranous corticocancellous bone grafts obtained from the mandibular symphysis fixed to the residual bone by endosseous implants. A total of 107 implants were installed in grafted regions in 26 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 32 months, with a mean of 16 months. In partially edentulous patients the bone grafts were fixed with implants to the residual bone as 1) onlay graft to the alveolar ridge (8 implants in 4 patients); 2) grafts to the nasal and/or sinus floor after a transoral exposure and elevation of the mucosa of the maxillary sinus and/or the nasal mucosa (33 implants in 11 patients); or 3) a combination of these two (5 implants in 2 patients). In totally edentulous patients, implants and grafts were used as a combination of grafting to both the alveolar ridge and nasal and/or sinus floor sites (61 implants in 9 patients). One hundred of 107 implants showed normal clinical and radiologic healing, whereas 7 implants in 4 patients (6.5%) were lost prior to loading. Seventeen patients have had the implants and bone grafts loaded by a prosthodontic reconstruction from 6 to 26 months (mean, 14 months) without loss of any implants. Postoperative marginal resorption of the onlay bone graft of less than 15% was observed. These findings suggest, that the previously observed rapid resorption of endochondral iliac crest onlay bone grafts and the number of lost implants can be significantly reduced if bone from the mandibular symphysis firmly anchored with titanium implants is used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of sex steroids on serum lipids and lipoproteins.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women but manifests itself primarily in the postmenopausal years. Menopause appears to increase the cardiovascular risk, at least when surgically induced, whereas the effects of the natural menopause are still a matter of debate. Why postmenopausal women apparently lose their natural cardioprotection is not established, but oestrogen deficiency seems to play an important role. Loss of ovarian hormone production at the menopause significantly alters serum lipids and lipoproteins, giving rise to more atherogenic lipid profiles throughout the postmenopausal years, and these changes may in part be responsible for the alleged cardiovascular risk. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, using oral unopposed oestrogens, induces potential favourable effects on lipids and lipoproteins, and epidemiological evidence has established that the risk of cardiovascular mortality is reduced by 40-60% in women receiving postmenopausal oestrogen therapy. Part of this reduction seems to be explained by changes in lipids and lipoproteins. Parenteral administration of oestrogens induces comparable, although less pronounced effects on lipids and lipoproteins, and the possible cardioprotective role of parenteral administration remains obscure. The addition of progestogens to postmenopausal oestrogen therapy is essential for endometrial protection, but progestogens apparently antagonize some of the actions of oestrogens on lipid metabolism. However, the type, the dose, the duration and the route of administration, as well as the potency balance between the oestrogen and the progestogen employed, are important determinants for the ultimate effect on lipid metabolism. With the use of cyclic administration and the lowest possible doses of progestogens, the oestrogenic actions on lipids and lipoproteins can be largely preserved, but the cardioprotective potential of combined oestrogen-progestogen therapy is as yet unknown.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1991

Smokeless tobacco: current status and future directions.

Smokeless tobacco is addicting, can cause physical dependence, and is associated with many health risks. In spite of these concerns over its use, minimal research has been conducted to understand the effects from and factors associated with smokeless tobacco use. Additionally, relatively few studies have examined potentially effective treatments for the smokeless tobacco user. This paper reviews the existing literature in this area and considers future directions for research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Drugs and femoral neck fracture: a case-control study.

Two hundred consecutive patients with femoral neck fractures (FNF) and 200 controls matched by age, sex, nursing home residency and number of admissions within the last 2 years, were interviewed about recent drug use. The matching criteria were chosen to achieve case and control groups that were comparable with regard to overall physical disability. Thus a preliminary study had shown FNF to be strongly associated with nursing home residency and to be correlated with the number of recent hospital admissions. FNF was found to be negatively associated with use of coronary drugs (OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.11-0.70) and positively associated with drug use in general (OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.04-3.05). The OR for the various classes of psychotropic drugs was consistently greater than 1., although this was not statistically significant. An inherent problem in interpreting such findings is that underlying disease may predispose the subject to both FNF and drug use, thus creating a non-causal relationship.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of an antenatal education programme: characteristics of attenders, changes in knowledge and satisfaction of participants.

The evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of antenatal education programmes has been identified as a priority in improving maternity services in Australia. Two hundred and ninety four primiparas completed a brief questionnaire in the 3 days following delivery; 82% of the women surveyed attended antenatal education classes. Women were less likely to attend if they were single, younger than 26 years, had lower levels of education, received care during pregnancy from the antenatal clinic and did not have private health insurance. Attenders at antenatal education were also more likely to plan on breast feeding, to be nonsmokers and to know of a greater number of community organizations to help new mothers. However, logistic regression analyses indicated that, with the exception of number of community organizations known, these differences were attributable to demographic differences between attenders and nonattenders. One hundred and forty two women and their partners attending the major provider of antenatal education classes in Newcastle were surveyed prior to and following classes. Significant increases in knowledge were evident following the programme among both women and their partners. Satisfaction with the programme was high as indicated by a large proportion of respondents attending all 4 classes, most programme components being reported as useful or very useful and only a small proportion of respondents experiencing problems with the programme.

Adult↗