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Biomedical subjects

J Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to J Jensen.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: admission patterns and diagnostic stability. A case-register study.

All first-time admissions from 1970 to 1986 with obsessive-compulsive neurosis (OCD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 300.39) or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 301.49) were analyzed based on an extract from the nationwide Psychiatric Case Register in Denmark. All patients with secondary diagnoses other than neurotic disorders or personality disorders (including "neuroses characterogenes") were excluded from the study. A total of 284 patients were first-time admitted with a main diagnosis of OCD during the period. The sex ratio was 0.67 (males/females). A total of 126 were first-time admitted with a diagnosis of OCPD, with a sex ratio of 1.18 (males/females). Seventy-seven percent of the readmitted patients with a first-time diagnosis of OCD kept a diagnosis within the "emotional spectrum" at the last admission. About half kept OCD as a main diagnosis, whereas only 15% shifted to a severe psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Of the readmitted patients with OCPD, 13% later developed a diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of RAPD markers on a linkage map of barley.

The RAPD technique was found to provide reliable genetic markers in barley. A linkage study of 23 RAPDs, 28 RFLPs, and 29 gene loci was conducted on 72 chromosome-doubled haploid progeny lines from a barley cross. The resulting linkage map covered 680 cM, about half of the barley genome. RAPD markers were distributed throughout the map, but a higher than expected frequency of tightly linked RAPDs was observed. Several cases of skewed segregation ratios were observed, but the RAPD markers segregated in ratios similar to their linked loci, confirming that they were reliably scored. In separate crosses, two amplified RAPD products, generated by different primers, were shown to reside in corresponding chromosomal positions. The RAPD markers seem a realistic alternative to RFLP markers in linkage analysis of barley.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

How to understand the formation of delusional beliefs: a proposal.

The formation of delusional beliefs is elucidated by the expressed experiences of 75 delusional patients. It is found that such beliefs may develop regardless of the presence (64%) or absence (20%) of anomalous experiences. Patients within the same diagnostic category remember it very differently. Many patients (71%) find a simple and reassuring way of understanding and relating to the external world by the formation of delusional beliefs. To many patients (47%) the delusional theme remains unchanged from the start and from one psychotic episode to another, while to other patients (24%) the theme changes in a hierarchical way. It is suggested that the formation of delusional beliefs is caused by impaired two-way communication or metathinking and that the delusional theme indicates the severity of cognitive dysfunction or mental disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

What predicts the persistence of delusional beliefs?

The persistence of delusional beliefs may to a marked degree influence the patients' global functioning. It is therefore clinically relevant to search for predictors of this course. In a study sample of 75 delusional first admitters such demographic, social and clinical variables were investigated which concern the course during 8 years. A number of variables had predictive value, e.g. characteristics of the delusional beliefs themselves such as theme and dimensions, absence of mood disturbance and subjective thought disorder but not hallucinations. The variables of diagnosis (schizophrenia according to the ICD-10 or the DSM-III-R at discharge from first admission) was a highly significant predictor of which only the following variables had a significant and independent predictive value: living alone, no psychosocial stressor, main delusion of persecution, and main delusion other than reference. In spite of the diagnostic uncertainty among first admitters the new systems of classification provide diagnostic categories as the most significant predictor of persistent delusional beliefs. Two logistic regression models for prediction are presented. In the presence of all independent predictors, the persistence of delusional beliefs is predicted for 94% of the present patient sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Delusional beliefs in first admitters. A clinical description.

Delusional beliefs in first admitters with no organic disorder are studied. The study sample of 88 patients provides a representation of delusional beliefs in first admitters. A scale for dimensions of delusional beliefs is proposed and applied to the patient group. The scale includes dimensions of conviction, extension, systematization, probability, pressure and global state. Adequate interobserver agreement is achieved. The patients are distributed according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R with schizophrenia as the most frequent diagnostic category. More than half of the patients are, however, diagnosed differently. It is obvious that many patients with schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder are seriously dysfunctioning at their entry into hospital. In contrast patients with affective disorder and acute and transient psychotic disorder are, on the average, functioning reasonably well. Identical delusional themes appear in different diagnostic categories while the dimensional severity of delusional beliefs varies from one category to another. When assessed at admission patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia have delusional beliefs with a high degree of dimensional severity in contrast to patients with affective disorder. Delusional beliefs in patients with persistent delusional disorder seem more systematized and probable than those diagnosed differently. In interpreting the findings one has to remember that the presence and theme of delusional beliefs are in no way independent aspects of diagnostic category. Description of delusional dimensions may, however, be important for the conceptualization of delusional beliefs and a method to study psychotic decompensation and resolution. Later on the patients were followed in search of the predictive significance of a qualified assessment of delusional beliefs in contrast to syndromes when defined according to new classification systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Establishing a ketoconazole suppression test for verifying testosterone administration in the doping control of athletes.

The ratio of urinary testosterone (u-T) to epitestosterone (T/EpiT) is used to disclose testosterone (T) administration in the doping control of sports, and a ratio greater than 6 constitutes an offence. Nevertheless, the possibility of biological outliers must not be discounted, and the use of ketoconazole has been suggested for a dynamic test to distinguish between such athletes and those using T. In this investigation, ketoconazole was administrated to three groups of T-pretreated and two groups of untreated healthy male subjects. The subjects in one of the pretreated groups were patients with mild hypogonadism. One untreated group consisted of athletes that had been tested three times with high urinary T/EpiT levels. The effects of ketoconazole administration on serum T (s-T) level and urinary T/EpiT ratio were monitored every 2 h for an 8-h period and clearly separated T-pretreated and untreated subjects into two clusters (P < 0.0001). The T/EpiT ratio increased and the s-T level remained unchanged in pretreated individuals during the ketoconazole test, whereas T/EpiT decreased by 60% and s-T by almost 90% in untreated subjects. The statistical power of the test increased by using several time points and combining the urinary T/EpiT with the s-T data. In conclusion, the ketoconazole test is suitable as a supportive dynamic test for the urinary T/EpiT ratio measurements in the doping control of athletes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

HIV infection among seafarers in Denmark.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimal magnitude of the HIV problem among seafarers in Denmark. The material is based on case records from the 6 medical departments in Denmark that undertake treatment of HIV patients. Retrospectively, all case records of HIV infection among seafarers--and of their sexual contacts--have been identified. 33 seafarers with HIV infection or AIDS were identified; 17 had no other known risk factor than heterosexual contacts in high-endemic areas. These results show that HIV infections have entered into the heterosexual group of seafarers. HIV-infected seafarers are a risk group for carrying HIV infection into the heterosexual population in non-endemic areas. In 5 known cases, this has actually taken place in Denmark. The majority of the heterosexually infected seafarers were probably infected early in the AIDS era. We do not know if Danish seafarers are still acquiring HIV abroad.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Localisation of interleukin 8 in the synovial membrane, cartilage-pannus junction and chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) may play an important role in the development of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in that it is a powerful chemoattractant for neutrophils and T cells. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of IL-8 in the synovial membrane and cartilage, from RA, osteoarthritis (OA) and normal joints. By immunohistochemical techniques, IL-8 was shown to be present in the lining layer cells in RA (87%) and in OA (62%). By contrast, only a few of the normal synovial lining layer cells (14%) contained IL-8. Deeper in the membrane the number of IL-8 positive cells decreased. Only vessels were highly positive for IL-8. At the RA cartilage-pannus junction 26% of the cells contained IL-8, whereas at the OA cartilage-pannus junction 8% of the cells were IL-8 positive (P < 0.05). Chondrocytes present in joint surface cartilage stained positive for IL-8 in an average of 20% of the cells of both RA and OA. These results provide histological evidence that IL-8 is present in the arthritic synovial tissue and cartilage, and is distributed in a manner that may form a chemotactic gradient, which favours localisation of neutrophils to the joint lumen.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Delays in admissions for observation in suspected acute myocardial infarction].

One hundred and fifty-three patients hospitalized for observation and treatment of suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. The time delay from debut of symptoms until the decision was taken as to whether the patient was a candidate for treatment with thrombolysis or not was registered. The decision was made within four hours for 55.5% of the patients, and for 81.0% the decision was made within 12 hours of debut of symptoms. In all, 47 (30.1%) of the patients were treated with thrombolysis. Fifty-six (36.6%) of the patients had an AMI or unstable angina pectoris, and 39 (69.6%) were treated with thrombolysis. Seventeen patients with AMI did not receive the treatment, and for one of these the only reason for not receiving thrombolysis was a time delay longer than 12 hours. The median time for patient delay was 60 minutes, doctors' delay 39 minutes, and transport delay 29 min. At the hospital the first ECG was done 14 minutes after arrival, and the decision about whether to treat with thrombolysis or not was taken 25 minutes after arrival. It is still possible to diminish the time delays for patients suspected of AMI. The longest delay is due to the patient, and public education is needed to minimize patient delay. Doctors are recommended to refer patients suspected of AMI directly to the hospital, omitting a delaying visit to the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Proventriculotomy in ostriches: 18 cases (1990-1992).

Over a 3-year period, proventriculotomy was performed on 18 ostriches to relieve impaction of the proventriculus. Diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal palpation, abdominal radiography, and in some cases, exploratory proventriculotomy. In addition to proventriculotomy, an esophagotomy was performed in 5 birds that were debilitated to allow force-feeding during the postoperative period. The median age of ostriches treated surgically for proventricular impaction was 7.5 months (range, 3 months to 18 years). Impactions consisted of sand, rocks, or gravel in combination with grass, leaves, wood, or other fibrous materials. In 7 birds, small pieces of wire or nails were also removed from the proventriculus. In 1 bird, a large metal punch was removed via the proventriculotomy. Six ostriches died at the hospital in the immediate postoperative period. Four of these died within 24 hours of surgery. All 4 birds were emaciated and in a severely weakened condition at admission, and they continued to deteriorate after surgery. One bird died 8 days after surgery as a result of complications associated with a septic joint unrelated to the proventriculotomy procedure. Another bird was euthanatized 6 days after surgery because its condition failed to improve and the owners did not want to pursue further treatment because of expense. Follow-up information was obtained for 12 surviving ostriches 1 week to 29 months (median, 5.5 months) after they were discharged from the hospital. Four of the 12 birds died within 30 days of discharge from the hospital. The remaining 8 birds (44%) were alive at follow-up evaluation (median, 10.5 months after surgery; range, 5 to 29 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Identification of oxidation products of 5-aminosalicylic acid in faeces and the study of their formation in vitro.

The formation of three oxidant-derived products of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in vivo was demonstrated in patients with active ulcerative colitis as well as in healthy subjects. The products were isolated from faeces by preparative HPLC and their chemical structures were found to be oxidation products of 5-ASA using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Reactions carried out in vitro between 5-ASA and oxidants suggested to be present in the inflamed bowel verified that the hypochlorite-mediated oxidation of 5-ASA as well as the haemoglobin-catalysed H2O2-dependent oxidation of 5-ASA resulted in the formation of a single oxidation product of 5-ASA. This product was similar to, but not identical to any of the products identified in faeces from patients receiving 5-ASA. Oxygen radical-mediated oxidation of 5-ASA gave several products, different from the products isolated. Finally, it was verified that the products formed in vivo are not formed as a result of autooxidation of 5-ASA either in faeces extract or in pharmaceuticals.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1993

Malignant cystic epithelial-stromal tumor of the prostate.

A huge cystic tumor in the pelvis of a 62-year old man, cytologically by fine needle aspiration biopsy, was composed of malignant spindle cells and transitional as well as glandular epithelial cells. Histochemical, immunostaining, and ultrastructural studies of the aspirated specimens and on the radically resected tumor indicated that the neoplastic cells are of prostatic fibroleiomyomatous stromal and epithelial origin. The lesion did not extend to the urothelium of the urinary bladder. This tumor resembles the rare cystadenoleiomyofibroma of the prostate, yet the cytologic abnormalities suggest a malignant potential. Long-term follow-up and recognition of additional cases are necessary to define the biologic behavior of this neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Galanin-like immunoreactivity in extrinsic and intrinsic nerves to the gut of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and the effect of galanin on the smooth muscle of the gut.

The presence of galanin-like immunoreactivity in nerves to the stomach of the Atlantic cod has been investigated by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of ganglion cells showing galanin-like immunoreactivity was compared with the total distribution in nerves and ganglia. Projection studies were made to determine the origin of the galanin neurons. The effect of galanin was studied in smooth muscle strip preparations of the gut wall and arteries. Galanin-like immunoreactive ganglion cells frequently occurred along the vagal branches to the stomach. Most of them projected cranially. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in all layers of the gut and around arterial branches on the surface of the stomach. Ligations of the vagus and splanchnic nerves produced accumulations of immunoreactive material on both sides of the ligature. Galanin produced weak contractile effects unaffected by tetrodotoxin on the gut wall and on gut arteries. It is concluded that a population of the ganglion cells along the vagus nerve in the Atlantic cod contains a galanin-like peptide. Some of these cells may be parts of autonomic parasympathetic pathways innervating the gut of the Atlantic cod, having direct excitatory effects on the smooth muscles of the gut wall and gut arteries.

Animals↗