Biomedical subjects

J Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to J Jensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Characterization of peptides related to neuropeptide tyrosine and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine from the brain and gastrointestinal tract of teleost fish.

Neuropeptide Y was isolated from the brain of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua and its primary structure established as Tyr-Pro-Ile*-Lys-Pro-Glu*-Asn-Pro-Gly-Glu10-Asp-Ala-Pro-Ala-Asp*-G lu*-Leu*-Ala- Lys*-Tyr20-Tyr-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu30-Ile-Thr -Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr- CONH2. Residues denoted by an asterisk are different from the corresponding sequence of human neuropeptide Y. A structurally similar peptide was isolated from the brain of the trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Trout neuropeptide Y contains four substitutions (Ile3-->Val, Ala14-->Thr, Asp15-->Glu and Ser22-->Thr) compared with cod neuropeptide Y. A second peptide of the neuropeptide Y family was identified in the trout brain and this component was structurally similar to peptide tyrosine-tyrosine previously isolated from frog intestine (six amino acid substitutions) and identical to a peptide isolated from the pancreas of the closely related species, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon). Peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, with the same primary structure as the brain peptide, was also isolated from an extract of the trout stomach. The data indicate that a peptide analogous to mammalian neuropeptide Y is present in the brain of teleost fish and a peptide analogous to mammalian peptide tyrosine-tyrosine is present in brain, gastrointestinal tissue and pancreas. We speculate, therefore, that the putative gene duplication that led to pancreatic polypeptide in the higher vertebrates took place after the time of divergence of fish and tetrapods.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Heterogeneity of pig kidney Na,K-ATPase as indicated by ADP- and ouabain-binding stoichiometry.

A centrifugation method has been used for determination of [14C]ADP and [3H]ouabain binding to Na,K-ATPase from pig kidney with high specific activity. In the presence of K+, the fit of the [14C]ADP binding data to a two-site model gives a component with high affinity which accounts for 12 +/- 2% of the total sites. The figure is significantly different from 50%, i.e., two components of equal size cannot be assumed. This contrasts with a ratio between the sites of 1:1 obtained by the rate dialysis technique. The discrepancy may be due to the fact that the centrifugation method enables bound ADP to be determined at lower concentrations of free ligand. [3H]Ouabain binding in the absence of Na+ is compatible with a straight line in a Scatchard plot if the isotope is purified shortly before use. An unspecific binding of ouabain can be neglected if the concentration of free ouabain is not too high. In the presence of Na+, the isotherms become upward concave. An analysis of the binding data gives a 19:81% division, although equilibrium is not quite attained. This is a maximum value because the lack in equilibrium will be most pronounced at the small values of free ouabain. Thus the ADP-binding studies are supported. The finding here is in some agreement with the semiquantitative immunoassay showing that pig kidney enzyme contains the isoenzymes alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 in a proportion of 84:12:4, respectively. Determination of ADP- and ouabain-binding site stoichiometry favours a theory with one substrate site per (alpha beta)2.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1992

Substance-P-related and neurokinin-A-related peptides from the brain of the cod and trout.

An extract of the brain of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss contained high concentrations of both neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 90 pmol mammalian neurokinin A/g wet tissue) and substance-P-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 50 pmol mammalian substance P/g wet tissue) measured by radioimmunoassay using antisera directed against the C-terminal regions of the mammalian peptides. In contrast, an extract of the Atlantic cod. Gadus morhua contained only neurokinin-A-like immunoreactivity (151 pmol/g). This apparent paradox was resolved by determination of the primary structures of the fish tachykinins. Trout substance P (Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-His-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-MetNH2) has the same amino acid sequence in its C-terminal region as that in the corresponding region of mammalian substance P. Cod substance P (Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Ile-Gly-Leu-MetNH2), however, contains a substitution at position 8 (Phe----Ile) that abolishes reactivity with the antiserum to substance P but permits reactivity with the antiserum to neurokinin A. The amino acid sequence of cod and trout neurokinin A is the same (His-Lys-Ile-Asn-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-MetNH2) and shows two substitutions (Thr3----Ile and Asp4----Asn) compared with mammalian neurokinin A. The data indicate that nervous tissue of teleost fish contain tachykinins that are analogous to the peptides found in mammalian tissues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Anesthetic management of ostriches.

We evaluated and characterized several anesthetic induction protocols used to facilitate intubation and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane in 7 adult ostriches and 1 juvenile ostrich. Induction protocols included IV administration of zolazepam/tiletamine, IV administration of diazepam/ketamine with and without xylazine, IV administration of xylazine/ketamine, IM administration of carfentanil or xylazine/carfentanil, and mask induction with isoflurane. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen for various procedures, including proventriculotomy (6 birds), tibial (1 bird) or mandibular (1 bird) fracture repair, and drainage of an iatrogenic hematoma (1 bird). Heart rate and respiratory rate varied greatly among birds. The arterial blood pressure values recorded from 6 of the birds during maintenance of general anesthesia were higher than values recorded for most mammalian species, but were comparable to values reported for awake chickens and turkeys.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1992

[The admission and discharge patterns of patients with dementia in psychiatric hospitals].

This paper describes the admission and discharge pattern in a psychiatric hospital for 315 senile and arteriosclerotic demented patients (290.09, 293.09 ICD-8) aged 65 years and over and admitted for the first time. 47% (149) of the patients were admitted from other hospitals and temporary stays in nursing homes. A total of 203 (65%) of the patients experienced one or more changes of residence during the three months prior to admission to the psychiatric hospital. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 25% of the patients were still hospitalized 48 weeks after admission. A total of 62 patients died in the psychiatric hospital, one patient was still hospitalized when the investigation ceased. Of those discharged alive 201, (80%) were discharged to nursing homes 26 (10%) to their own homes and 25 (10%) to hospitals. Of those who had their own home at the time of admission and were discharged alive only 16% were discharged to their own homes, the remainder were discharged to nursing homes and hospitals. On account of the many changes of environment the demented patients experience prior to admission to the psychiatric hospital, they risk developing confusional psychoses which may be disastrous to their physical and mental health.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Use of psychopharmaceuticals and commitment in psychiatric admissions of elderly patients with dementia].

Case records of 404 elderly patients (aged 65 years or more) who were admitted for the first time to the Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus were investigated retrospectively. In 315 patients the diagnoses were senile dementia (290.09) and arteriosclerotic dementia (293.09) according to ICD-8. Information about use of psychotropic drugs before admission and on discharge alive was obtained from the patient case records. In the present study, the use of drugs was not found to be correlated with age, sex and degree of dementia. Significantly fewer committed patients were treated with psychoactive drugs and significantly fewer lived independently in their own homes. Only 42 (13%) patients had a crude psychiatric disorder while 251 (80%) were admitted on account of unacceptable behaviour. 90% of the latter group of patients had been treated with one or more psychoactive drugs on admission. The risks involved in the use of psychoactive drugs are discussed. On account of demographic changes in the Danish population and the recent decrease in psychiatric hospital beds and nursing home beds, it is recommended that the patterns of committed admissions of demented patients to psychiatric hospitals should be followed closely.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Release of substance P-like immunoreactive material from the stomach of the rainbow trout.

The release of substance P-like immunoreactive material (SPLI) from the vascularly perfused stomach of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was studied. In most cases, SPLI was detected in the collected vascular perfusate during experimental resting conditions. Distensions of the stomach, accomplished by a water-filled intragastric balloon, produced an initial rapid relaxation of the stomach, followed by a slow further relaxation and a stimulation of contractile activity. The amount of SPLI in the vascular perfusate was significantly elevated during the distension period. Tetrodotoxin had no effect on the response to distension or on the release of SPLI during distension, indicating release from tetrodotoxin-insensitive neurons or endocrine cells. The results suggest that a substance P-like peptide may be involved in the contractile response and/or in the maintenance of muscular tone during gastric distensions in the rainbow trout. Infusion of capsaicin had no effect on the release of SPLI. However, capsaicin caused an increase in vascular flow, an effect that could be repeated on a second infusion of capsaicin, indicating that the action may not be specific to sensory neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Reduced infarct size in nonreperfused myocardial infarction by combined infusion of isosorbide dinitrate and streptokinase.

The value of thrombolytic therapy in myocardial infarction is well established, while any beneficial effect of adjunct therapy is more uncertain. In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study the effect of combined intravenous infusions of streptokinase and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on enzyme-estimated infarct size was investigated. One hundred consecutive patients with strong clinical and electrocardiographic suspicion of myocardial infarction, admitted to the coronary care unit within 8 hours after the onset of symptoms, were given a streptokinase infusion of 1.5 million units for 1 hour and a titrated dose of ISDN or placebo for 48 hours. From isoenzyme B of creatine kinase (CK-B) values measured every 4 hours, the infarct size was calculated and the possible presence of reperfusion was evaluated. The infarct size in patients receiving ISDN infusion was reduced (p = 0.04, one-sided test) compared with placebo. By subdividing the patients according to whether or not reperfusion had occurred, the infarct size appeared to be similar following ISDN and placebo in patients with reperfusion (419 versus 369 U/L), whereas the infarct size in patients not reperfused was markedly reduced after treatment with ISDN (223 versus 1320 U/L, p = 0.003). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the infarct size may be reduced by other means than reperfusion and it supports the use of combined infusion of thrombolytic agents and nitrates in patients with suspected myocardial infarction.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Elderly health beliefs, attitudes, and maintenance.

BACKGROUND: Why older persons engage in varying amounts of health maintenance activity is becoming both an increasingly important policy issue and a topic of interest to health services researchers. Such activity may help the elderly to delay the onset of the health-related problems associated with aging, maintain if not improve their functional abilities, and perhaps improve their quality of life. METHODS: Using a conceptual model largely based upon the health belief model, this study sought to examine predictors of variability of health maintenance activity among older persons. The project included cross-sectional data drawn from the first phase of a multiyear panel study of elderly community residents. RESULTS: Results of ordinary least-squares and logistic regression analyses of seven types of health maintenance activity suggest that health beliefs are an important consideration but that other variables, namely, type of insurance plan and select sociodemographic factors, also had significant impacts. Another consistent finding was that each of the types of health maintenance activity was associated with different types of predictor variables. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that in order for levels of health maintenance activity to be increased, intervention programs need to be targeted toward specific types of health beliefs and need to take into account the importance of social differences.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Rigid fixation in reconstruction of craniofacial fractures.

Ninety-four patients had either isolated fractures of the skull or midface, or combined fractures of the skull, periorbit, and/or midface. Thirty-five of these patients were treated by conventional methods, including maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, wire osteosynthesis, suspension ligatures, or a head frame. The remaining 59 patients were treated with either mini-, low-profile, micro-, or 3-D titanium plate fixation (rigid internal fixation [RIF]) and comprise the patient population for this study. Of the 59 patients, 11 were female and 48 male, ranging in age from 6 to 85 years, with a mean age of 34 years. Six patients had isolated skull fractures, 9 had combined skull and periorbital fractures, 31 had isolated midface fractures, and 13 patients had combined skull and midface fractures. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 48 months. Patients with midface fractures were placed in MMF intraoperatively, and MMF was released at the completion of the procedure. At 2 to 4 days postoperatively, the occlusion was evaluated. Fifteen of the 38 dentate patients with either midface or combined skull and midface fractures were without MMF postoperatively. Twenty-three patients showed slight occlusal discrepancies and were treated with elastic MMF for 3 to 28 days (mean, 10 days). All reductions were judged to be stable throughout the postoperative course. Based on the results, use of RIF is recommended for primary reconstruction in craniofacial trauma patients whenever possible, thereby achieving three-dimensional stability, sufficient functional and cosmetic results, and often avoiding or reducing the need for MMF.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

A double-blind, crossover trial of intravenous clodronate in metastatic bone pain.

After a baseline symptom and laboratory assessment, 24 patients with metastatic bone disease and pain were randomized to receive either a 4-hr intravenous infusion of 2-dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (Cl2MDP), 600 mg in 500 mL of normal saline, or a 4-hr placebo infusion, 500 mL of normal saline. The administration was double blind. After 1 wk, the assessment was repeated and the patients were crossed over to the alternate treatment. After 1 more wk, a final assessment and blinded choice by the patient and investigator took place. Of the 21 evaluable patients, 12 (57%) chose the Cl2MDP and 4 (19%) chose the placebo; 5 (24%) patients did not have a specific preference (p = NS). The investigator chose the Cl2MDP in 14 (67%) cases, placebo in 6 (29%) cases and was unable to discern a difference in 1 (5%) case (p less than 0.05). The patients and investigator made similar selections in 16 (76%) instances. On the visual analogue scale assessments, a significant decrease in pain scores was observed following the Cl2MDP infusion (p less than 0.01) and an increase in activity scores was also demonstrated (p less than 0.01). No significant difference in the daily oral morphine equivalent analgesic requirement was demonstrated for either arm. No difference in clinical and laboratory parameters of toxicity was evident between the placebo and Cl2MDP arms of the trial. Our preliminary findings suggest that Cl2MDP is safe, and has analgesic properties that may prove to be useful in the management of metastatic bone pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Aeroallergen analyses and their clinical relevance. II. Sampling by high-volume airsampler with immunochemical quantification versus Burkard pollen trap sampling with morphologic quantification.

A comparison was made between the amount of airborne pollen collected by Burkard airsampler and the allergenic activity of particles trapped on glass fibre filters in an Accu-Vol high-volume airsampler. The comparison was made throughout the pollen seasons 1986 to 1989. Both airsamplers were operated 24 h a day. They were placed less than 5 m apart, and estimation of the pollen amount was made on a day-to-day basis during the pollen seasons, and on a weekly basis outside the seasons. The occurrence of the 3 clinically most important allergenic types of pollen, birch, grass, and mugwort, was analysed, and close correlations between the 2 sampling techniques were found (rs 0.5-0.8, p < 0.001). The detected range of counted pollens/m3 was: birch 0-1075, grass 0-156, and mugwort 0-44. By immunochemical analysis we found the corresponding amounts to be 0-80, 0-8, and 0-1 SQ-U/m3, respectively. Pollen counts and immunochemical estimation were compared with the symptom score recordings of allergic persons for birch season 1989 and for grass seasons 1986, 1988, and 1989. A close correlation was found for both sampling techniques for the grass seasons in 1986 and 1989 (rs 0.51-0.61, p < 0.001-0.0001), but a less significant correlation was found for the 1988 grass season, and for birch in 1989 (rs 0.24-0.34, p < 0.001-0.05).

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1992

Trends in psychiatric hospitalization in Denmark: a 10-year register-based investigation.

Information about all admissions to psychiatric hospitals and departments in Denmark in 1977, 1982 and 1987 and about all resident patients on census days in the same years were extracted from the central psychiatric register. The number of available beds decreased by 43% from 1977 to 1987. The admission rates decreased for all diagnostic groups but schizophrenia, which increased. The group of younger schizophrenic men declined in size, which is alarming if mentally ill homeless people are considered. The census study shows a decrease in all diagnostic groups, most pronounced in the elderly age groups. Patients with neuroses disappear from the available beds in the mental hospitals and departments. The changes in the psychiatric service system from mostly hospitalization to outpatient treatment and community psychiatric treatment require a comprehensive personal registration of treatment regardless of the administrative affiliations of these services.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Poly(I.C)-induced interferons enhance susceptibility of SCID mice to systemic candidiasis.

In the absence of any demonstrable T- or B-cell responses, gnotobiotic CB-17 SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice not only show innate resistance to acute systemic (intravenous challenge) candidiasis but also manifest innate resistance to systemic candidiasis of endogenous (gastrointestinal tract) origin. Poly(I. C), a potent inducer of interferons (IFNs) in vivo, enhanced the susceptibility of CB-17 SCID mice to acute systemic candidiasis and to systemic candidiasis of endogenous origin, as demonstrated by increased numbers of viable Candida albicans in internal organs after poly(I. C) treatment. The poly(I. C)-enhanced susceptibility of mice to candidiasis was abrogated by in vivo treatment with antibodies to IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma. In vivo depletion of natural killer cells from SCID mice did not significantly enhance their susceptibility to systemic candidiasis or abrogate poly(I. C)-enhanced susceptibility. In vivo and in vitro, treatment with poly(I. C) impaired the candidacidal and phagocytic activity of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from SCID mice. Antibody to IFN-alpha/beta or IFN-beta alone interfered with the ability of poly(I. C) to impair the candidacidal activity of macrophages from SCID mice in vitro. These data suggest that poly(I. C)-induced interferons can impair the candidacidal activity of macrophages in SCID mice and decrease their innate resistance to acute systemic candidiasis and to systemic candidiasis of endogenous origin.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Long-term results of total condylar knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis.

We have reviewed at an average period of ten years the results of 71 consecutive primary arthroplasties with the Insall-Burstein total condylar knee prosthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Their mean age at surgery was 52 years (24 to 72). At follow-up the overall results (Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating score) were excellent or good in 77%, fair in 11% and poor in 11%. There was residual pain in only 5% of patients with prostheses in situ; 58% could walk more than 500 m, and the median range of motion was 108 degrees. Eight knees had been revised. Five underwent arthrodesis because of deep infection and three needed revision arthroplasty for mechanical loosening. The crude survival rate of the arthroplasties was 89%. The presence of radiolucency around the tibial component correlated significantly with the severity of residual pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Phenotypic and genetic relationships between residual energy intake and growth, feed intake, and carcass traits of young bulls.

Residual energy intake, defined as actual minus predicted energy intake during a production period, was estimated for each of 650 bull calves of 31 Holstein Friesian or Brown Swiss sires. Residual energy intake, measured under ad libitum feeding, had heritabilities similar to those of growth rate and energy conversion ratio with an estimate of approximately .3. Residual energy intake was related to average daily energy intake both phenotypically and genetically such that selection for decreased residual energy intake would lead to a decrease in daily feed intake. Such selection would also tend to increase carcass fatness (i.e., genetically fat animals are the most efficient). Residual energy intake estimated with and without correction for carcass composition were closely correlated. Thus, residual energy intake may be estimated without the knowledge of carcass composition in growing bulls of dual-purpose breeds.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1992

The anatomic range of examination by fibreoptic rectosigmoidoscopy (60 centimetres).

The purpose of the study was to investigate the anatomic location of the flexible rectosigmoidoscope (60 cm) when introduced as far as technically possible. One hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients referred for double-contrast enema (DCE) were examined with rectosigmoidoscopy before the radiologic examination, and CO2 was used for insufflation. A plain abdominal film was taken to locate the tip of the instrument when 60 cm or as much as possible of the instrument had been introduced. The sigmoid loop was passed and the tip of the scope located in the ascending colon or at the left flexure in 99 (66%) of the patients, and in a further 27 (18%) the upper part of the sigmoid colon was reached. The sigmoid colon had been passed in 71%, 80%, and 44% when 60, 50, and 40 cm of the instrument was introduced, respectively. DCE could be performed at the same session as the rectosigmoidoscopy, as CO2 was quickly absorbed. In the vast majority of patients the sigmoid colon can be inspected with a rectosigmoidoscope.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Years of potential life lost after hip fracture among postmenopausal women.

From January 1987 and onwards all cases of hip fracture in Arhus County, Denmark, were registered in a prospective multicenter investigation. Until December 1990, 2273 postmenopausal women (greater than 50 years) with first hip fractures were registered. Of these 643 sustained a hip fracture in 1988. Life tables were constructed for different age groups; the excess mortality (in comparison with the reference population) for each age group ranged from 10 to 20 percent. The years of potential life lost (YPLL) (life expectancy method) were calculated for the 1988 cohort and compared with the YPLL due to other selected conditions calculated from official vital statistics. The YPLL rates (per 1000 persons) were as follows: hip fracture 9.2, ischemic heart disease 73, cerebrovascular disease 29, breast cancer 20 and cancer of the uterus 6.7. We propose that hip fracture mortality data should be continuously registered and evaluated using the YPLL method to detect changes caused by the expected increase in the number of hip fractures.

Aged↗