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Biomedical subjects

J Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to J Jenkins.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effects of cancer and its treatments on plasma concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and propranolol binding.

The plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin, and the plasma protein binding of propranolol were measured in a group of cancer patients and a group of normal subjects. In cancer patients the AAG concentrations were twice that in controls (142 and 78 mg/dl, P less than 0.005), the albumin concentrations were lower (3.11 and 4.37 gm/dl, P less than 0.001), and the free fraction of propranolol was lower (0.127 and 0.190, P less than 0.005). Propranolol binding correlated strongly with AAG concentrations. These data imply that untreated or unsuccessfully treated cancer patients will have reduced free fractions for any drug for which AAG is an important binding protein. Successfully treated patients may have longitudinal changes towards normal. No consistent effect of the treatments themselves on AAG was observed after radiation therapy in five patients or after intravenous adriamycin in six patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Outcome of maple syrup urine disease.

The outcome of 12 children with classical maple syrup urine disease is reviewed. All patients presented in the neonatal period at ages varying from 5 to 21 (median 8) days. The time taken to make the diagnosis ranged from 1 day to longer than 9 months (median 7 days). Each survived his initial illness but 3 died later after apparently mild infections. Three of the 12 patients had a spastic quadriplegia and 6 others abnormal neurological signs without clear cerebral palsy. The single most important factor determining the outcome appears to be the time taken to make the diagnosis after the first symptoms. Two patients were diagnosed within 24 hours of the first symptoms and one is of above average ability. The other is mildly retarded but control of the disease was poor in his first 4 years of life. Outcome is unpredictable if the delay is between 3 and 14 days. Two children are of normal ability but 6 others are retarded. A delay longer than 14 days is invariably associated with mental retardation and cerebral palsy. We conclude that early diagnosis is essential to improve the outcome of this condition.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacology of 13-cis-retinoic acid in humans.

Vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) have shown great promise for the chemoprevention of cancer as well as being a possible new class of chemotherapeutic agents. A Phase I and II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in advanced cancers was initiated, and the clinical pharmacology of the drug was studied. All patients received p.o. 13-cis-retinoic acid starting at 0.5 mg/kg/day, escalating over 4 weeks to a maximum dose of 8 mg/kg/day in divided doses. Although there was a linear correlation of plasma concentration with dose escalation, large inter-individual variations in peak plasma concentrations were noted. At the maximum drug dose, the mean peak plasma concentration was 4 X 10(-6) M. There was little drug accumulation on this schedule, as trough concentrations between p.o. doses often dropped below 1 X 10(-6) M. The drug was metabolized extensively to a metabolite, the concentrations of which exceeding parent 13-cis-retinoic acid concentrations with chronic dosing. Retinol concentrations were below the normal range.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Technical considerations in the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy administered by Tenckhoff catheter.

Technical aspects of the clinical management of 69 patients who had a Tenckhoff catheter implanted for chemotherapy infusion were reviewed. Catheter placement under local anesthesia was performed using a trochar. Three patients had intestinal perforation. Also, bacterial peritonitis occurred in three patients, an incidence of 10 per cent per catheter year. Peritonitis responded to antibiotic treatment without catheter removal. If the catheter failed to infuse or drain, irrigation and instrumentation were used to reopen the catheter. An absolute indication for catheter removal was infection of the Dacron cuff. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was thought to be a safe way in which to deliver high concentrations and large amounts of drug to the abdominal cavity. In selected tumors, there may be a significant pharmacologic advantage over conventional routes of administration. Proper catheter insertion and maintenance were required to keep complications of this treatment modality to a minimum.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Ontogenesis of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in the rabbit.

Basal and norepinephrine (NE) stimulated oxygen consumption was measured in BAT cells isolated from fetal and newborn rabbits at 24, 28, and 31 days gestation, and 3 and 10 days postnatal age. Maximum catecholamine stimulated respiration was measured at a final NE concentration of 10(-6) M. Cell diameter, calculated cell volume and mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha GPD) were also determined at each age. Basal respiration increased continuously during fetal and neonatal life from a mean (+/- SEM) of 12.2 +/- 0.4 mul O2/10(6) cells . hr at 24 days gestation to a mean of 70.5 +/- 4.2 mul O2/10(6) cells . hr at 24 days gestation to 670.5 +/- 60.4 mul O2/10(6) cells . hr at 31 days. A further increase of 30% measured at 10 days of age was also observed. BAT mitochondrial alpha GPD activity was several fold greater than that measured in liver. Both cell size and enzyme activity increased in parallel to increasing respiratory response to NE. We conclude from this data that the maturation of catecholamine stimulated BAT thermogenesis occurs primarily in the fetus prior to delivery. This increase is associated with both an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activity and an increase in cell size.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1981

Objective birth data and the prediction of child abuse.

The Cardiff Births Survey contains objective data that are easily collected and are reproducible between observers. We have compared survey records of 80 abused children with those of 80 control children. Of 44 factors that were examined 11 were appreciably more common in abused children. Such factors included the fact that the baby was preterm and had been admitted to a special care baby unit. Other factors were young maternal age, marital instability, low social class, and maternal smoking. 66% of abused children had at least 5 of these factors compared with only 16% of the control group.

Adolescent↗