Routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in elective cholecstectomy.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J James
Publications and source records attributed to J James.
Quantitative cytochemistry of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins using the Naphthol Yellow S and dinitrofluorobenzene staining methods.
The 'total protein staining' of biological specimens with the electrostatically binding Naphthol Yellow S or the covalently binding dinitrofluorobenzene must be interpreted as methods which yield data on the specific amino acid pool of the proteins concerned. Both dyes bind to certain free amino-acid side-chains, giving different dye--protein ratios for various proteins. In the presence of DNA, dinitrofluorobenzene stains all proteins present in cell nuclei, whereas Naphthol Yellow S only stains the majority of the non-histone proteins. When protein staining methods are combined with the Feulgen--Pararosanile (SO2) procedure for DNA, decreased Feulgen--DNA contents were measured in dinitrofluorobenzene-stained isolated nuclei and lymphocytes.
Animals↗
Healing of a superficial lesion in the common bile duct of the rabbit.
By means of a special apparatus a superficial lesion was made in the common bile duct of the rabbit; the healing of the lesion was studied by transmitted light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Within a few hours the cells in the epithelial margin became flattened and started to migrate over the bottom of the defect. In most cases the lesion was closed after 16 to 24 hours by epithelial migration. After 24 hours a sharp increase in the mitotic activity occurred, first especially in the crypts, later also in the superficial epithelium. A blood clot on or necrosis of the wound basis seemed to stop the migration of the epithelium. Necrosis of the connective tissue in the central part of the lesion occurred after 24 hours if the lesion was not epithelialized, possibly by the action of bile. In that case the lesion healed by secondary intention. After 2-8 weeks all lesions were healed completely, no strictures being observed.
Animals↗
Nuclear envelope alterations accompanying thioacetamide-related enlargement of the nucleus.
Treating rats with thioacetamide results in a biphasic nuclear swelling, with an initial enlargement phase (0 to 8 hr) and a secondary phase (18 to 48 hr). The swelling coincides with and may be responsible for alterations in sedimentation properties of isolated nuclei. Nuclear swelling implies increases in nuclear surface area. Total nuclear lipid increased in proportion to the increase in nuclear-envelope (NE) surface area, suggesting that intranuclear lipid was not the source of new NE phospholipid. The increased NE was apparently not derived from mass incorporation of endoplasmic reticulum into NE, as demonstrated by monitoring enzymatic composition. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of p.o. administered [14C]stearic acid and [14C]phosphatidylcholine in lipid fractions from NE as compared with those from endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of NE phospholipid revealed little change in composition in the heavy fraction during the first 48 hr after treatment. (An early decrease in phosphatidylserine from the light nuclear fraction may reflect the upward shift of nuclei from the heavy fraction.) A significant increase in phosphatidylserine of NE from the heavy fraction was found at 96 hr. The additional phosphatidylserine in the NE might act as an acidic polymer modifying chromatin structure. Examination of fatty acids from individual NE phospholipid fractions divulged relatively few changes related to the early or the secondary nuclear swelling phases. Major changes occurred in the neutral lipid fraction of NE which apparently served as a reservoir for 18:2, with significant decreases in 18:2 noted following both nuclear swelling phases. These changes did not occur in the neutral lipid fraction from endoplasmic reticulum obtained from the same liver preparations.
Acetamides↗
Microbiology and pathogenesis of acute salpingitis as determined by laparoscopy: what is the appropriate site to sample?
Acute salpingitis is a polymicrobial disease. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and anaerobic gram-positive cocci were the predominant microorganisms isolated from the fallopian tubes of salpingitis patients. Gonococci were isolated from the fallopian tubes in eight of 35 (23%) patients; anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 10 of 35 (28.5%). Although Chlamydia trachomatis was not recovered from the fallopian tube exudate, there was abundant serologic evidence of chlamydial infection in the salpingitis patients. Twenty-three percent of patients with paired sera had a fourfold rise in IgM and IgG titer, which was consistent with systemic chlamydial infection. Comparison of cultures obtained via laparoscopy and culdocentesis suggested that culdocentesis is not an accurate reflection of the microbial milieu in the fallopian tube.
Ascitic Fluid↗
Pertinence of nuclear envelope nucleoside triphosphatase activity to ribonucleic acid transport.
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Animals↗
Windows in the intensive therapy unit.
Retrospective surveys were carried out on two groups of patients who had survived a stay of at least 48 h in an Intensive Therapy Unit. One group had been kept in a unit without windows, and the other in a similar unit with translucent but not transparent windows. Survivors from the windowless unit had a less accurate memory of the length of their stay, and were less well orientated in time during their stay. The incidence of hallucinations and delusions was more than twice as high in the windowless unit. The phenomenon of depersonalisation in the face of life-threatening danger is described and discussed.
Adult↗
Caliber and elastin content of the pulmonary trunk.
Internal diameter, thickness of media, and surface density of elastin in media of both pulmonary trunk and aorta were determined in a random group of 100 adults. Because of contrasting results of histologic vs chemical studies of the amount of elastin in the pulmonary trunk, we have used a television image analyzer for objective determination of surface density of elastin in histologic slides, applying the same method to the aorta for comparison. Both caliber and medial thickness of the pulmonary trunk increase somewhat with age. The surface density of elastin in the pulmonary trunk is not influenced by age and averages approximately 26%, with considerable individual variation. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, this percentage is consistently higher. We conclude that the decrease in extensibility of the aging pulmonary trunk is caused by changes in physical properties of the constituents of its wall, rather than by a decreasing elastin content.
Adolescent↗
Growth pattern of individual liver cells after partial hepatectomy in the rat.
The growth (i.e. changes in protein content) of isolated parenchymal cells of rat liver after partial hepatectomy has been investigated cytophotometrically. 3, 14 and 56 days after operation in rats of different age, no statistically significant differences could be measured in the Naphthol Yellow S-protein content of the most commonly found types of parenchymal cells in comparison with controls of the same age. An exaggeration of the hyperplasia of binuclear diploid (BD) and mononuclear tetraploid (MT) cells, characteristic for normal postnatal growth, could not be detected in any of the age groups investigated (30, 65 and 99 at operation). Consequently, it appears that the accelerated growth after partial hepatectomy mainly takes place by a growth mechanism primarily based on multiplication of cells (hypertrophy) as usually found in the embryonic period.
Animals↗
[Cilia with and without movement].
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Cilia↗
A model for the study of epithelial migration in wound healing.
A model is described which enables the detailed study of epithelial regeneration in experimentally produced lesions in the common bile duct of the rabbit. The circular on slightly oval defect of 1 mm diameter produced by a specially developed apparatus has a perfectly smooth base. Epithelial migration in this model has been investigated using light microscopy of transverse sections and scanning electron microscopy of whole preparations. Typical changes in the border cells, characterised by the formation of tapered protusions, can be observed as early as two hours after the lesion has been made. Later the cells in the flattened edge of the moving border also show various types of protrusion which rest on the substratum. Mitotic activity in the surface epithelium and crypts in the surrounding region only increases after closure of the lesion, which usually takes place within 16--24 h.
Animals↗
The Langerhans cell density of palatal epithelium in denture and non-denture wearers, as correlated with other parameters of the palatal mucosa.
A quantitative histological investigation was carried out on biopsy specimens taken from patients suffering from denture sore mouth. The results were compared with those obtained in investigations on denture and non-denture wearers. The sections were studied by standardized quantitative morphometric methods. After 4 years the denture bearing palatal epithelium from both groups, normal denture wearers and the patients suffering from denture sore mouth did not show changes in mean thickness of the epithelium as compared with the controls. The mitotic index in denture bearing epithelium from patients suffering from denture sore mouth was three times lower than in the epithelium of the normal denture wearers. The number of Langerhans cells correlated with the mitotic indices of the group of denture wearers and non-denture wearers. The group of denture sore mouth patients showing a low mitotic index showed a high number of Langerhans cells in their palatal epithelium. The three groups of patients investigated did not show differences in density of mast cells in the lamina propria of their palatal epithelium.
Adult↗
The use of multiple thresholds and segregation analysis in analyzing the phenotypic heterogeneity of multifactorial traits.
(1) Three models based on multifactorial inheritance are introduced to account for phenotypic heterogeneities. These models are used to determine whether subforms of a triat are: (a) different degrees of the same process, (b) non-familial environmental variants of the same process, and (c) independently transmitted processes. (2) The parameters of each model consist of two population prevalences and either one, two, or three correlation coefficients which reflect the three hypotheses given above. The models are formulated so that a likelihood ratio test may be performed to discriminate between them. (3) The following types of analyses are described: (a) analysis of prevalence data with separate population prevalence estimates, (b) analysis of prevalence data with the proband a parent with specified spouse, (c) analysis of prevalence data with the proband an offspring with specified parents, and (d) the full segregation distribution of families using Complex Segregation Analysis. (4) When compared with the Analysis of Prevalences, Complex Segregation Analysis has the following advantages: (a) the number of degrees of freedom for parameter estimates is greater and separate estimates of the population prevalences are not necessary, (b) standard errors of the parameters are smaller, and (c) the power to discriminate models is increased. (5) Phenotypic heterogeneities such as age of onset, severity, and sex effect can be more completely understood by the methods of analyses described above. The nosology of familial disorders can also be clarified, and environments relevant to the transmission of the trait can be detected. This approach is particularly suitable for the analysis for behavioural traits since it does not require the assumption that environmental effects common to relatives be ignored. (6) Finally, our experience indicates that incorporating both prevalence and pedigree data into a single analysis decreases the time required to perform the analysis.
Environment↗
The relationship between female criminality and drug use.
A 2-year study of four groups of women (N = 268)--addicts, prostitute-addicts, prostitutes, and female offenders--reveals that the link between female criminal activity and female drug involvement is significant. All four groups report "drug costs" as a major percentage of their monthly expenses. Prostitutes and female offenders report purchasing drugs mainly for resale. Female offenders report most of their income as coming from drugs sales, shoplifting, and larceny. For all of the women addicted to heroin, reselling drugs and prostitution were the usual means of support. There is insufficient evidence at this point in the research to link the use of a specific category of drugs to specific types of offenses. The main determinants in choice of crime for these subjects were skill and opportunity.
Adolescent↗
Isolation and separation of rat liver nuclei.
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Animals↗
Growth patterns of rat hepatocytes during postnatal development.
During postnatal growth in the liver of the rat, a characteristic shift towards binuclear cells and cells of higher ploidy class occurs. When the protein content of individual isolated hepatocytes of different ploidy classes is analysed cytophotometrically using the specific protein stain Naphthol Yellow S, it appears that the growth in mass in the period 30-99 days is due mainly to increase of protein content of binuclear diploid (BD) and mononuclear tetraploid (MT) cells. The mononuclear diploid (MD) cells play a quickly diminishing role in the parenchymal population after the initial growth phase and cells of highest ploidy degree remain unimportant quantitatively. The quickly growing BD and MT cells only reach a Naphthol Yellow S protein value twice that of MD cells after a certain period of growth, whereas changes in protein content are slight or absent from 99 days onwards in all cell types investigated.
Aging↗
Quantitative aspects of the Naphthol Yellow S staining for proteins studied in a model system of polyacrylamide films and in isolated rat liver cells and nuclei.
After staining with Naphthol Yellow S (NYS) at optimal conditions of pH (2.8), the protein content of rat liver cells isolated by means of a collagenase perfusion technique was found to be cytophotometrically immeasurable, because of too high local dye absorbances. In order to lower the absorption values, techniques to flatten the cells, off-peak measurements and NYS staining at non-optimal pH levels were applied. With polyacrylamide model films incorporated with albumin, the reliability of off-peak measurements and the quantitative aspects of the modified protein staining procedures have been investigated. It was found that NYS is a quantitative protein stain not only at pH 2.8, but also at pH 2.0, 3.5 and 4.0 respectively. Off-peak measurements can also produce quantitative results. In cases of a combined Feulgen-NYS staining, the Feulgen-DNA values were not significantly influenced by any of the NYS staining procedures.
Acrylic Resins↗