Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Jakobsen

Publications and source records attributed to J Jakobsen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Autonomic function in parkinsonian patients relates to duration of disease.

Autonomic functions were studied after withdrawal of all medication in parkinsonian out-patients with short and long duration of disease and in age-matched healthy control subjects. Vagal heart control and noradrenergic response to standing were impaired and related to duration of symptoms of idiopathic parkinsonism. Cholinergic function of pupil motility was unchanged. The cholinergic dysfunction of heart rate variation, therefore, could be due to a specific loss of dopaminergic neurons in the vagal motor nucleus.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative changes of cerebral neocortical structure in insulin-treated long-term streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats.

The brains of rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes treated with a low-dose insulin regimen (1 IU/day) were studied with morphometric techniques. After 1 yr of diabetes, brain weight decreased slightly (1350 +/- 71 vs. 1521 +/- 55 mg, 2P less than .01) as did the volume of the neocortex (498 +/- 36 vs. 567 +/- 40 mm3, 2P less than .05). A significant loss of neocortical neurons occurred (38 +/- 2 X 10(6) vs. 46 +/- 3 X 10(6), 2P less than .01), and the length of the capillary network in the neocortical tissue shortened disproportionately (405 +/- 102 vs. 631 +/- 47 m, 2P less than .01), leading to increased diffusion distance. The mechanisms underlying cerebral loss in this model are unknown, but abnormalities of the vascular supply with prolongation of the route of diffusion might play a role.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Anterograde fast component of axonal transport during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and diabetic rats.

To elucidate the pathogenesis of the peripheral neuropathy associated with hypoglycemia the anterograde fast component (aFC) of axonal transport was studied in nondiabetic rats during acute and prolonged insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in streptozocin-diabetic (STZ-D) rats with acute hypoglycemia. [35S]methionine and [3H]fucose were injected into the dorsal root ganglion (L5) to label protein and glycoprotein, respectively. During the 4 h of transport, thigh temperature was maintained constant. Acute severe hypoglycemia (1.5 +/- 0.2 mM) was associated with a 36% decrease in the amount of aFC (2.3 +/- 0.7% in the test group vs. 3.6 +/- 0.8% in the controls), whereas transport velocity was unaffected. Prolonged hypoglycemia, obtained by pretreatment with insulin for 3 days, prevented the decrease in amount of aFC. In STZ-D rats, acute severe hypoglycemia (1.5 +/- 0.6 mM) produced a similar but less-pronounced decrease of aFC. We conclude that hypoglycemia is associated with alterations in axonal transport that could play a role in development of neuropathy. Prolonged hypoglycemia protects axonal transport against the effects of glucopenia, and an untreated diabetic state maintained for several days has a partially protective effect against episodes of hypoglycemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hyperextension injuries of the PIP finger joint. Comparison of early motion and immobilization.

In a prospective study of traumatic lesions of the volar fibrocartilage of the PIP joint, 56 patients were randomized to treatment by immobilization for 3 weeks and 56 patients, to purely analgetic treatment without immobilization. Seventy-eight patients were reexamined 6 months later and 77 patients, in a follow-up study 2-3 years after the injury. No difference was found between the two groups with respect to subjective complaints or objective signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement over the sacrum on various anti-decubitus mattresses.

Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) was measured over the sacrum of 12 healthy, normal-weight volunteers positioned on five different mattresses. TcPO2 was lower (p less than 0.01) in those on a standard hospital mattress (median 0 mmHg), than in those on a sheep skin (median 22 mmHg), water mattress (median 33.5 mmHg), Spenco mattress (median 52.5 mmHg) or ripple air mattress (median 0/62 mmHg). The tcPO2 for the Spenco mattress was higher (p less than 0.01) than for sheep skin and for the water mattress. No significant difference was found in tcPO2 for the latter two named above. TcPO2 for the ripple air mattress alternated between 0, when inflated under the oxygen sensor, to about full oxygenation, when deflated. We believe that the ripple air mattress theoretically is the best mattress to prevent decubitus ulcers, but due to frequent mechanical failure of pump or mattress, the Spenco mattress is perhaps the best for practical use. Clinical comparative studies will be necessary to confirm that.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Leiomyosarcoma of the trachea.

A case of primary leiomyosarcoma in the trachea of a 63-year-old woman is presented. Owing to the rare occurrence of this tumour in this site, the clinical diagnosis and pathological classification are difficult. In the English literature, only six cases of primary leiomyosarcoma in the trachea are on record.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Neurological complications and concomitants of AIDS.

A survey of the literature of neurological manifestations associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows a broad disease spectrum affecting approximately one third of the patients in large hospital series. The complications include focal cerebral lesions caused by abscesses, lymphomas, leucoencephalopathy or infarcts as well as encephalitis, meningitis and myelitis. Most opportunistic infections of the central nervous system presumably are caused by toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and cryptococcus neoformans. One tenth of all patients have neurological disease as their initial symptom of AIDS. The diagnosis should always be considered in patients at risk and in males with an unusual neurological history or with a peculiar CT scan of the brain. Besides the opportunistic complications of AIDS, LAV/HTLV-III itself probably attacks the nervous system and gives rise to concomitant lesions of the long tracts of the spinal cord with ataxia, paresis and spasticity and to subacute encephalopathy and peripheral nerve abnormalities as well.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Mesulergine in early Parkinson's disease: a double blind controlled trial.

The efficacy and tolerance of treatment with an 8-alpha-amino-ergoline derivative CU32-o85, Mesulergine, were compared with levodopa/benserazide (Madopar) in a 3 month double-blind controlled trial in 31 patients with Parkinson's disease, not previously treated with levodopa. The two treatments were equally well tolerated, and neither dyskinesias nor dose-related fluctuations developed. In 90% of the patients treated with Mesulergine, Parkinsonian symptoms improved, and at the dose given the overall therapeutical response was two-thirds that of levodopa. During further 9 months of open study the beneficial effect was maintained equally well in both groups. Compared with other dopamine agonists Mesulergine has a considerable antiparkinsonian effect. Unfortunately, further clinical evaluation of the compound recently has been stopped owing to sex and species specific histological alterations in rats. It is suggested that Mesulergine derivatives might well be of value in future treatment of early Parkinson's disease and of late incompensated stages.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A proposal for a classification of neuropathies according to their axonal transport abnormalities.

Recent studies on axonal transport in experimental neuropathy are reviewed and the following combinations of pathological changes and underlying axonal transport abnormalities are proposed for a classification of polyneuropathies. Alterations of the anterograde transport of slow component a(SCa) leads to changes of the dimensions of the axon calibre without the occurrence either of overt neuropathy or fibre loss. Thus damming of SCa in beta,beta'-iminodiproprionitrile (IDPN) intoxication results in axonal swelling in nerve roots whereas decrease of SCa leads to atrophy distal to the swellings in IDPN intoxication and in streptozotocin induced diabetes as well. Decrease in the amount of material conveyed within the anterograde fast component (aFC) leads to acute axonal degeneration including break down of axons and fibre loss. This state occurs in acute hypoglycaemia and in doxorubicin intoxication. The most frequent type of polyneuropathy, namely distal axonopathy with accumulation of axon organelles leading to distal fibre loss, is associated with decrease in amount of the retrograde fast component (rFC). The transport is impaired before the appearance of symptoms and electrophysiological signs of neuropathy develop in the intoxications induced by parabromophenylacetylurea, acrylamide and 2.5 hexanedione, and the severity of neuropathy is proportional to the rFC impairment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Decreased blood-brain barrier permeability to sodium in early experimental diabetes.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to 24Na+, 36Cl-, and [3H]sucrose was studied in rats after 2 wk of streptozocin-induced diabetes. The PS (permeability-surface area product) for Na+ in the cortex of the frontal lobes was 5.4 +/- 0.6 (10(-5) cm3 X g-1 X s-1; +/- SD) in diabetic rats compared with 7.1 +/- 1.7 in control rats. In the occipital cortex, the values were 7.6 +/- 1.5 and 9.9 +/- 1.6, respectively. In contrast, BBB permeability to Cl- and sucrose remained unchanged. We conclude that a selective alteration in BBB permeability to Na+ unrelated to changes in brain capillary surface area is present in experimental diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Patellectomy--a 20-year follow-up.

Twenty-seven patients with 28 patellectomies were re-examined after an average of 20 years. Twelve knees rated as excellent, ten as good and six as fair. Even though 12 patients had strenuous work, only three patients had changed occupation. Quadriceps power was on average two-thirds that of the opposite limb. Radiographs showed incipient femoro-tibial arthrosis in four patients only.

Adolescent↗