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Biomedical subjects

J Jaillard

Publications and source records attributed to J Jaillard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of two antihypertensive agents on lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins A and B. Comparison of prazosin and atenolol.

To compare the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipid concentrations, 60 patients with arterial hypertension (diastolic 90 to 120 mm Hg, systolic 160 to 200 mm Hg) were allocated at random to one of two treatment groups. The lipid profile included the determination of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by ultracentrifugation, and assays of apoproteins A1 and B by laser immunonephelometry. Determinations were performed 30 days before and on the first, 90th, and 180th days of treatment. Both drugs had similar reducing effects on blood pressure. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein B, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were observed in patients receiving prazosin, whereas patients receiving atenolol exhibited opposite changes in plasma lipids. Although the clinical significance of these findings is uncertain, such metabolic effects should be taken into account when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of antihypertensive treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative study of the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipids of hypertensive patients].

In order to investigate comparatively the effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipid concentrations, 60 patients from two centres, presenting with arterial hypertension (diastolic 90-120 mmHg, systolic 160-200 mmHg), were allocated at random to one or the other of these drugs. The lipid profile, stable during the period of observation, included total cholesterol and triglycerides, study by ultracentrifugation, and assays of apoproteins A1 and B by laser immunonephelometry. Determinations were performed 30 days before, and on the 1st, 90 th and 180 th days of treatment. Both drugs had similar lowering effects on blood pressure. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B and an increase in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were observed in patients under prazosin, whereas patients under atenolol exhibited opposite variations in plasma lipids. Although the clinical significance of these findings is uncertain, such metabolic effects should be taken into account when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio of antihypertensive treatments.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1984

Comparative effects of prazosin and atenolol on plasma lipids in hypertensive patients.

Adverse modifications of blood lipid fractions are thought to be an additional risk factor in hypertensive patients treated with some antihypertensive drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in concentrations of lipid fractions in patients treated with either the cardioselective beta blocker atenolol or the selective alpha 1 blocker prazosin. When used in approximately equipotent doses for antihypertensive effect, prazosin and atenolol demonstrated different effects on lipid metabolism. Prazosin lowered total levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and B-apolipoproteins, but increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein2 cholesterol and A1-apolipoproteins. Changes opposite to those induced by prazosin were observed during atenolol therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Behçet's disease and vascular malformations: double etiology of recurrent thrombophlebitis].

Repeated thrombophlebitis with pulmonary embolism in a 28-year-old female led to the discovery of a complex malformation of the inferior vena cava which required the insertion of a clip. Three years later, recurrence of phlebitis with appearance of bipolar aphthae, arthritis and a meningeal syndrome led to the diagnosis of Behçet disease. Despite various medications for this disorder and heparin or oral anticoagulant therapy, the thromboembolic disease remained active, accompany with new exacerbations of Behçet disease. Diminished plasma fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated, probably resulting from venous endothelial vascularitis, which aggravates the consequences of the preexisting vascular malformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Necrotizing angiitis after serous otitis. 2 cases].

Two cases of systemic necrotizing angeitis are reported because of their very unusual presenting symptom: serous otitis media responsible for bilateral deafness. After this "invasion phase", typical polyarteritis nodosa developed. Cardiac involvement, with auriculoventricular block, and cranial neuritis were observed in both cases. The few previously published identical cases are reviewed. Specific neurological and cardiac forms of P.A.N. are discussed. It is hypothesized that the cause of this immune complex-mediated disease is infectious.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in the fatty acid patterns of brain phospholipids during development of rats fed peanut or rapeseed oil, taking into account differences between milk and maternal food.

The nature and amount of essential fatty acids in dietary fat play a leading part in the repartition of brain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6). In order to determine precisely the respective roles of linolenic and linoleic acids in the diet on rat brain development, we used two diets in which the percentage of linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was different. The animals were fed peanut oil (group A) or rapeseed oil (group B) during pregnancy and throughout lactation. The study of the fatty acid composition of gastric milk showed that the levels of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and more so linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) were much lower than in dietary fats. In group B, the 18:3 n-3 level of gastric content was about four times lower (2.4%) than in the maternal diet (8.5%) at the beginning of the suckling period and significantly increased until weaning. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides showed that docosapentaenoic acid delta 7-10-13-16-19 (22:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid delta 4-7-10-13-16-19 (22:6 n-3) levels increased in group B in relation to group A and, on the other hand, the docosapentaenoic acid delta 4-7-10-13-16 (22:5 n-6) level decreased in group B. The sum of (n-3 + n-6) fatty acids did not change in either group B or group A. In our experimental conditions, we found no marked effect of diet composition upon conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. In summary, linolenic acid can be utilized in the brain (rather than linoleic acid) to provide long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the amount of n-3 fatty acids would correlate with the desaturation activity of docosatetraenoic acid delta 7-10-13-16 (22:4 n-6) to docosapentaenoic acid delta 4-7-10-13-16 (22:5 n-6).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Arterial complications of estrogen-progestogen contraception].

Large prospective British and American studies have shown a significant increase in the relative risk of systemic arterial complications in women taking oral contraceptives. The risk increases with age and the association of other principal risk factors including cigarette smoking; the duration of oral contraception does not seem to be closely related; the incidence does not seem to have decreased since the introduction of the minipill. The synthetic oestrogens are the main causative factor; however, the role of progesterone cannot be totally excluded. The pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis, especially in coronary and cerebral territories is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Circulating anticoagulant, recurrent abortions and venous thrombosis: a new entity or a pre-lupus syndrome? 2 cases].

The authors report the presence of a circulating anticoagulant in two patients who had suffered multiple abortions. The circulating anticoagulant was discovered during evaluation of repeated phlebothromboses in the first case and of a chronic inflammatory syndrome in the second. While the apparently paradoxical relationship between the circulating anticoagulant and venous thrombosis is relatively well-known, that between the circulating anticoagulant and repetitive abortions is more difficult to establish. The rarely reported association of these three events leads us to a discussion of the nosologic place of this pathology and of the common ground it shares with S. L. E., as the circulating anticoagulant is of the antiprothrombinase variety, the antibody commonly called the lupus anticoagulant.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1981

[Circadian meal-related changes in serum lipoprotein levels in normal subjects (author's transl)].

Circadian variations in serum lipoprotein levels in relation to meals were investigated in 10 healthy subjects on a normal diet. Lunch and dinner produced a concomitant increase in triglycerides and the apo-B of very low density lipoproteins (d less than 1.006). The increase observed after dinner was of the same degree as after lunch but was more prolonged; this longer duration was unrelated to the nocturnal increase in free fatty acids. Apo-A1 levels also rose slightly after lunch and dinner, and so did HDL-cholesterol which, however, decreased during the night. These results suggest that in normal subjects the intravascular lipolytic activity is reduced during the night.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Plasma levels of apoproteins B and A in relation to blood cholesterol and triglycerides. Distribution according to age and sex and influence of various risk factors (author's transl)].

Plasma levels of apoproteins B and A, triglycerides, VLDL + LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were simultaneously measured in an ambulatory population of 477 subjects (206 male and 271 female). VLDL + LDL-cholesterol and apo B values were similar in males and females and significantly increased with age. Conversely, HDL-cholesterol and apo A values were higher in females than in males and remained stable with age. HDL-cholesterol and apo A correlated inversely with triglycerides. Overweight, alcohol and smoking introduced significant changes in the parameters studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Congestive cardiomyopathy associated with a stiff spinal column. "Rigid spine syndrome"].

The "rigid spine syndrome" is a rare form of myopathy characterised by rigidity of the dorso-lumbar spine, hyperextension of the neck and muscular retraction limiting mobility, especially of the upper limbs with elbows fixed in semi-flexion. This condition, which was first described relatively recently, has been little studied: only 8 cases have been published to this day. We report the case of a 20 year old man with this syndrome, associated with a severe diffuse non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Electronic microscopy and histoenzymological studies were performed on the skeletal muscle. They confirmed myopathic changes, demonstrating a great variation in diameter of the fibres, but there was no evidence of a predominating histoenzymological form (type I muscular atrophy) as previously reported. Although there have been no other reports of cardiac involvement in the "rigid spine syndrome", a link between the two conditions would seem to be likely.

Adult↗