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Biomedical subjects

J J Wu

Publications and source records attributed to J J Wu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The role of high-resolution ultrasonography in management of calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff.

This article predicts the possibility of resorption of the calcific plaques in the shoulder using high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), and evaluates the therapeutic effect of US-guided fine-needle multiple punctures of the calcific plaque. A total of 100 patients with calcific tendenosis were divided into 3 groups: In group 1, patients having chronic shoulder pain received conservative treatment; in group 2, patients having acute exacerbation of shoulder pain also received conservative treatment; and group 3 patients received US-guided fine-needle multiple punctures or aspiration. In CDUS, all images were classified as grade 0 (no color flow signals), grade 1 (weak spotty color flow signal), grade 2 (few rod-like color flow signals), grade 3 (many rod-like or linear color flow signals). In the follow-up study, marked improvement of patients' clinical condition with more than 50% size reduction of calcific plaque was defined as an effective treatment. There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p = 0.558) in CDUS, but there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (p = 0.000), and group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.000) on the basis of classification of grade < 1 and grade > or = 1. There was also significant difference in the follow-up result of effective management between group 1 and group 3 (p = 0.000), and group 1 and group 2 (p = 0.000). In conclusion, HRUS with CDUS proved to be a good modality in evaluating the possibility of resorption of shoulder calcification and, if CDUS > or = grade 1 in calcific tendonitis, we highly recommend conservative treatment with regular follow-up. On the other hand, if CDUS < grade 1, fine-needle repeated puncture could be considered as an effective alternative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ranitidine bismuth citrate or omeprazole-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Helicobacter pylori-infected non-ulcer dyspepsia.

AIM: To test the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori by ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy, and evaluate the symptomatic response of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for non-ulcer dyspepsia. METHODS: A total of 59 consecutive Helicobacter pylori infected non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were randomly selected to receive either one of two triple therapy regimens, including metronidazole, amoxycillin plus ranitidine bismuth citrate (RAM group) or omeprazole (OAM group). To determine the success of eradication, patients underwent the 13C-urea breath test, 6 weeks and one year after treatment. The dyspeptic symptom scores were also assessed at the time of enrolment, 6 weeks and one year after treatment. RESULTS: Per-protocol and intention-to-treat eradication rates were 77.7% and 70% in RAM group and 83.8% and 68.9% in OAM group (p = non significant). At both the 6th week and at the first year after treatment, the mean symptom scores were lower than pre-treatment scores in the study population, regardless of whether treatment was successful or not. However, patients, whether eradicated successfully or not-eradicated, presented similar 6-week and 1-year scores. CONCLUSIONS: One-week RAM triple therapy, which is cheaper than the OAM regimen, is a relatively effective alternative regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Taiwanese. Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication was not the whole management for the relief of dyspeptic symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Pretreatment gastric histology is helpful to predict the symptomatic response after H. pylori eradication in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.

This study aimed to test whether pretreatment gastric pathology in H. pylori-infected nonulcer dyspepsia (HpNUD) patients is relevant to and predictive of the symptomatic response after H. pylori eradication. Anti-H. pylori triple therapy was administered to 250 HpNUD patients, enrolled as the therapy group. In addition, 60 patients were enrolled as the control group, in which omeprazole was an alternatives to the triple therapy. Pretreatment gastric histology was evaluated thoroughly by the updated Sydney system. A [13C] urea breath test was also performed to evaluate the H. pylori eradication two months and 12 months later. For each patient, the baseline, month 2, and month 12 symptom scores were assessed for the month 2 or month 12 residual symptom ratio (RSR-2m or RSR-12m), calculated from: 100% x month 2 or month 12 score/baseline score. Based on either RSR-2m or RSR-12m, patients were categorized as good response (RSR < 50%), moderate response (50-70%), and poor response (> 70%) subgroups in both therapy and control groups to define the short-term and long-term symptomatic responses. Patients with successful H. pylori eradication in the therapy group showed a higher incidence of good symptomatic response (RSR < 50%) than those from the control group (month 2: 30.3 vs 12%, P < 0.05; month 12: 34.7 vs 17.1%, P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis disclosed that patients with a higher acute inflammation score (AIS) and the lowest incidence of lymphoid follicles (LF) at pretreatment gastric histology are predisposed to having a good symptom response after H. pylori eradication (P < 0.05). For HpNUD patients who have an AIS of more than three and an absence of LF at gastric histology, more than 85% had good short-term (month 2) and long-term (month 12) symptomatic relief after H. pylori eradication. In conclusion, nearly 30% of HpNUD patients can obtain symptomatic relief following H. pylori eradication. The pretreatment gastric histology of HpNUD can be helpful to monitor the symptomatic response after H. pylori eradication.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ascending cholangitis provokes IL-8 and MCP-1 expression and promotes inflammatory cell infiltration in the cholestatic rat liver.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Postoperative cholangitis is one of the most common complications after bile duct reconstruction. The pathogenesis and early consequences of ascending cholangitis still are unidentified. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 treatment groups: control (n = 4), blood sampling and liver biopsy only; group I, [BDL/Eschericha coli; n = 6], ligation of common bile duct (BDL) for a week, followed by Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (RYCJ) and injection of E coli (ATCC 25922) into Roux limb after 24 hours; group II, [BDL/NS; n = 5], same procedures as in group I, with injection of normal saline (NS) into Roux limb; group III, [SBDL/E coli; n = 6], primary RYCJ was constructed 1 week after sham ligation of common bile duct (SBDL) followed by the same treatment as group I; Group IV, [SBDL/N.S; n = 6], same procedures as in group III, but injecting NS into Roux limb. All animals were killed after 24 hours of treatment. Blood was sampled for culture and serum cytokine levels. The liver was harvested for quantitative bacterial culture, as well as for MCP-1, interleukin (IL)-8 (CINC in the rat) and transforming growth factor beta1 mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for immunohistochemistry. The choledochojejunostomy was resected for culture. Serum cytokine levels were detected by ELISA kits. RESULTS: A significant increase of E coli ATCC 25922, occurred in the livers of group I rats, compared with group IV (P =.037). MCP-1 expression increased in all groups, compared with control (P =.000). The IL-8 mRNA expression was significantly higher in group I than in control (P =.021). The expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA was similar among the groups (P =.361), consistent with the immunohistochemistry results. The serum MCP-1 and IL-8 levels were higher in the 4 groups than in the control (P =.000) and were significantly higher in group I than in group IV (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that a significant colonization of E coli of the same strain was present in the cholestatic rat liver injected into the Roux limb, which was associated with a higher expression of liver MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA, a significant increase of serum MCP-1 and IL-8, and a more evident inflammatory cell infiltration into the porta hepatis.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed2001

Multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of major bacterial pathogens in intensive care units in 2000 in Taiwan.

A susceptibility surveillance study of 1,274 bacterial isolates recovered from various clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) of five major teaching hospitals was carried out from March, 2000, to June, 2000, in Taiwan. This study demonstrated a high rate (66%) of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA), a high rate of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (intermediate, 50% and highly resistant, 8%), and high rates of cefotaxime nonsusceptibility for S. pneumoniae (intermediate, 29% and resistant, 4%), Enterobacter cloacae (57%), Serratia marcescens (34%), and Citrobacter freundii (60%). High rate of ceftazidime nonsusceptibility for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%), and high rates of imipenem nonsusceptibility for P. aeruginosa (15%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (22%) were also found. The percentage (11.9%) of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was greater than that (11.3%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Rates of quinupristin-dalfopristin nonsusceptibility for S. pneumoniae (42%), Enterococcus faecium (71%), and ORSA (39%) were high, but no vancomycin-resistant enterococci were found in this study. The resistance rates of some pathogen varied by institution or type of ICUs. Surveillance for antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens in hospitals, particularly in ICU settings with a preexisting higher resistance burden, is mandatory in establishing and/or modifying guidelines for empirical treatment of severe infections in ICU patients caused by these antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

Dietary fat and garlic oil independently regulate hepatic cytochrome p(450) 2B1 and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase expression in rats.

The individual and combined effects of dietary fat and garlic oil on two drug-metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and the placental form of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (PGST), in rat liver were examined in this study. Rats were fed a low corn oil, high corn oil or high fish oil diet and received various amount of garlic oil (0, 30, 80, 200 mg/kg body) orally three times per week for 6 wk. The fat energy in the low and high fat diets accounted for 11.6 and 45.7% of total energy, respectively. Final body weights did not differ among the three dietary fat groups and were not affected by garlic oil treatment. The fatty acid profile in hepatic phospholipids revealed higher eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] levels in the fish oil-fed group than in the low and high corn oil-fed groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, the corn oil-fed groups had greater hepatic phospholipid arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] levels (P < 0.05). Both dietary fat and garlic oil significantly affected hepatic cytochrome 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity and GST activity toward ethacrynic acid. Rats fed the high fish oil diet had 85 and 51% higher PROD activity compared with those fed the low or the high corn oil diet, respectively (P < 0.05). The GST activity in the high fish oil and the high corn oil groups was 33 and 18% higher than that in the low corn oil group (P < 0.05), respectively, and the GST activity in rats fed the high fish oil diet was higher than in those fed the high corn oil diet (P < 0.05). Garlic oil dose-dependently increased GST activity. No interaction between dietary fat and garlic oil on PROD or GST activity was noted. Northern and Western blot analysis revealed that dietary fish oil increased both cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein levels. Cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein levels were also dose-dependently increased by garlic oil treatment. The effects of garlic oil and dietary fat on P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein expression were independent. These results indicate that dietary fat and garlic oil independently modulate P(450) 2B1 and PGST expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional stages.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMed2001

In vitro and in vivo combinations of cefotaxime and minocycline against Aeromonas hydrophila.

The activities of cefotaxime and minocycline against Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated. Cefotaxime (4 times the MIC) plus minocycline (0.75 times the MIC) elicited an inhibitory effect for 48 h in a time-kill study, and more infected mice treated with both drugs survived (91%) than survived after treatment with cefotaxime (9%) or minocycline (44%) alone, suggesting that cefotaxime and minocycline act synergistically against A. hydrophila.

Aeromonas hydrophila↗
PubMed2001

Inhibition of group A streptococcus infection by carboxyfullerene.

The effect of a water-soluble trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene, carboxyfullerene, against Streptococcus pyogenes infection was tested. Pretreatment with carboxyfullerene was able to protect mice from S. pyogenes infection in an air pouch model. S. pyogenes-induced death and skin injury were inhibited dose dependently by carboxyfullerene. Administration of carboxyfullerene via the peritoneum and air pouch at 3 h post-S. pyogenes infection was able to protect 33% of mice from death. Surveys of exudates of the air pouch of carboxyfullerene-treated mice revealed that survival of infiltrating neutrophils was prolonged and that the bacteria were eliminated as a result of enhanced bactericidal activity of the neutrophils. Furthermore, carboxyfullerene was able to directly inhibit in vitro growth of S. pyogenes. These data suggest that carboxyfullerene can be considered an antimicrobial agent for group A streptococcus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Metallo-beta-lactamases in clinical Pseudomonas isolates in Taiwan and identification of VIM-3, a novel variant of the VIM-2 enzyme.

A total of 209 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas (193 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 P. putida, 4 P. stutzeri, and 2 P. fluorescens isolates) with reduced susceptibilities to imipenem and/or ceftazidime were subjected to PCR assays with primers specific for bla(IMP-1), bla(IMP-2), bla(VIM-1), and bla(VIM-2) and sequence analysis to identify the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) prevalent among these organisms in Taiwan; and 21 isolates gave positive results. Five isolates including two P. putida and three P. stutzeri isolates were found to carry bla(IMP-1), and six isolates including five P. putida and one P. stutzeri isolates harbored bla(VIM-2). The remaining 10 isolates were P. aeruginosa, and all were found to carry a novel variant of bla(VIM-2), designated bla(VIM-3). There are only two nucleotide differences between bla(VIM-2) and bla(VIM-3), leading to two amino acid alterations. Our findings indicate that VIM-2 and its variant have become the most prevalent metalloenzymes in Pseudomonas in Taiwan. Southern hybridization with the bla(VIM-2)-, bla(VIM-3)-, and bla(IMP-1 )-specific probes revealed that only two VIM-2-producing P. putida isolates appeared to carry the MBL gene on plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that six VIM-3-producing P. aeruginosa isolates and two IMP-1-producing P. stutzeri isolates were genetically related, suggesting that the spread of these MBL genes in Taiwan could be due to clonal dissemination as well as genetic exchange between different clones.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed2001

Identification of a plasmid encoding SHV-12, TEM-1, and a variant of IMP-2 metallo-beta-lactamase, IMP-8, from a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A multidrug-resistant plasmid encoding TEM-1, SHV-12, and a variant of IMP-2 metallo-beta-lactamase, designated IMP-8, was identified from a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. There are four nucleotide differences between bla(IMP-2) and bla(IMP-8), resulting in two amino acid differences. bla(IMP-8) was also found to be carried by an integron-borne gene cassette similar to the bla(IMP-2) cassette.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Outbreak of infection with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla(IMP-8) in a university medical center in Taiwan.

Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with the transferable carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamases, which include IMP- and VIM-type enzymes, remain extremely rare. To investigate whether IMP- or VIM-producing K. pneumoniae isolates had spread at a university medical center in Taiwan, a total of 3,458 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae consecutively collected in 1999 and 2000 were tested by the agar diffusion method, colony hybridization, PCR, and nucleotide sequencing. A total of 40 isolates (1.2%), or 17 nonrepetitive isolates, from 16 patients were found to carry bla(IMP-8), a metallo-beta-lactamase gene recently identified from a K. pneumoniae strain in Taiwan. Carriage of bla(VIM) or other bla(IMP) genes was detected in none of the remaining isolates. Of the 17 nonrepetitive bla(IMP-8)-positive isolates, 15 isolates (88.2%) appeared susceptible to imipenem (MICs, <or=4 microg/ml) and meropenem (MICs, <or=1 microg/ml), indicating the difficulty in detecting bla(IMP-8) in K. pneumoniae by routine susceptibility tests; 14 isolates (82.4%) produced SHV-12 as well; and 14 isolates (82.4%) were also resistant to fluoroquinolones. The organisms caused wound infections in eight patients and bloodstream infections in three patients. They were not directly associated with the death of nine patients. Before the recovery of the bla(IMP-8)-positive isolates, all 16 patients had undergone various surgical procedures, and 15 patients had been admitted to the surgical intensive care unit, suggesting a nosocomial outbreak. Two major patterns were observed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for 14 of the 17 nonrepetitive isolates, indicating that the clonal spread was mainly responsible for the outbreak.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis and activation of the renin-angiotensin system after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep.

This study examined the hypothesis that the development of hydrops fetalis after asphyxia in the 0.6 gestation sheep fetus would be associated with activation of the fetal renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Fetuses were randomly assigned to either sham occlusion (n = 7) or to 30 min of asphyxia induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion for 30 min (n = 8). Asphyxia led to severe bradycardia and hypotension that resolved after release of occlusion. After occlusion, plasma renin concentration was significantly increased in the asphyxia group compared with controls (P < 0.005) after 3 min (16.3 +/- 5.3 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.3 ng. ml(-1). h(-1)), and 72 h (30.6 +/- 6.3 vs. 3.7 +/- 1.2 ng. ml(-1). h(-1)). Renal renin concentrations and mRNA levels were significantly greater in the asphyxia group after 72 h of recovery. All fetuses in the asphyxia group showed generalized tissue edema, ascites, and pleural effusions after 72 h of recovery. In conclusion, asphyxia in the preterm fetus caused sustained activation of the RAS, which was associated with hydrops fetalis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Erythrocyte Lewis antigen phenotypes of dyspeptic patients in Taiwan--correlattion of host factor with Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Because of the molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and host Lewis blood-group antigens, Lewis antigen may mediate specific H. pylori binding to surface epithelial cells in gastric mucosa. We, therefore, tested whether different Lewis antigen phenotypes have different prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, and determined the specific H. pylori-related disease entities or histologic features. METHOD: A total of 342 dyspeptic patients without previous anti-H. pylori therapy were enrolled after endoscopy. The Lewis phenotypes, defined as Le(a-b-), Le(a-b+), Le(a+b-), and Le(a+b+) subtypes, were determined from the expression or absence of Lewis antigens (Le(a) and Le(b)) on erythrocytes in each patient using monoclonal antibodies. The H. pylori-specific gastric histology was evaluated using the updated Sydney's system. RESULTS: Of 342 patients, 233 (68.1%) had H. pylori infection. The H. pylori infection rates were significantly higher in patients with Lewis phenotypes Le(a+b-) and Le(a+b+) (p < 0.05). Patients expressing the Le(a) antigen had a higher H. pylori infection rate than those without the Le(a) antigen (80.8 vs 64%, p < 0.005). In H. pylori-infected patients, patients expressing Le(b) antigen had a lower rate of gastroduodenal ulcers than those without Le(b) antigen (46.9 vs 61.4%, p < 0.05). H. pylori-positive patients who expressed the Le(b) antigen had higher bacterial density and inflammation severity in the gastric cardia than those who did not. Patients who expressed the Le(a) antigen had lower bacterial density, less chronic inflammation severity, and lower frequency of lymphoid follicles in the gastric cardia than those who did not (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The erythrocyte Lewis phenotype can be a significant host factor related to susceptibility, different histologic patterns, and clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection in Taiwan.

Dyspepsia↗
PubMed2001

Molecular characterization of a novel defective DNA isolated from tobacco tissues infected with tobacco leaf curl virus.

Defective DNA of tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) was identified in TLCV-infected tobacco plants. The defective DNA was cloned and sequenced. The sequence showed it was about half the size of the TLCV DNA-A, and was derived from TLCV DNA-A by a large deletion. The defective DNA contained the intergenic region and part of the AC1 (Rep) gene of TLCV, and also novel open reading frames (ORFs). The immunotrapping tests showed the defective DNA was associated with geminate particles, suggesting it could be encapsidated in virus particles. It was transmitted, along with full-length DNA-A, to tobacco plants by grafting and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Decreased predominance of papG class II allele in Escherichia coli strains isolated from adults with acute pyelonephritis and urinary tract abnormalities.

PURPOSE: We compared the genotypes of fimbriae or adhesions of Escherichia coli causing acute pyelonephritis in adults with and without urinary tract abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a total of 92 E. coli strains isolated from 54 patients with acute pyelonephritis and a normal urinary tract, and 38 with urinary tract abnormalities. Of those with urinary tract abnormalities 13 with moderate to severe hydronephrosis were also considered a separate group for the purpose of analysis. The genes of 7 known fimbriae or adhesins of E. coli were detected by the polymerase chain reaction, including the papG class I to III alleles (PapG adhesins of P-fimbriae), sfa/foc (S-/F1C-fimbriae), fimH (type 1 fimbriae), and afa (afimbrial adhesin). Virulence genes associated with APN were identified by comparing the prevalence of each of these 7 genes in E. coli strains from 54 patients with acute pyelonephritis with a normal urinary tract to the prevalence in the strains from 37 patients with acute cystitis using univariate and multivariate analysis. Differences in the prevalence of the genes associated with acute pyelonephritis and the incidence of underlying illness were then compared in the 3 acute pyelonephritis groups. RESULTS: On univariate and multivariate analysis the papG class II allele was the only virulence gene associated with acute pyelonephritis (p <0.0001 and 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was noted in the prevalence of underlying medical disease in the 3 acute pyelonephritis groups. The papG class II allele was significantly less predominant in E. coli strains isolated from acute pyelonephritis cases with versus without urinary tract abnormalities (76% versus 93%, p = 0.03). The incidence of the papG class II allele in patients with urinary tract abnormalities and moderate to severe hydronephrosis was less than in those without urinary tract abnormalities (69% versus 93%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that the papG class II allele has an important role in E. coli infection in patients with acute pyelonephritis and a normal urinary tract, while urinary tract abnormalities and/or obstruction may permit ascending infection of E. coli strains with lower adhesive ability.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Effect of charge neutralization on the dewatering performance of alum sludge by polymer conditioning.

Cationic and anionic polymers with the same molecular weight were used as sludge conditioning reagent to study the polymer charge effect on alum sludge dewatering characteristics. On the basis of capillary suction time, bound water content, and zeta-potential measurement in this study, the function of charge neutralization appears to be an important consideration in the sludge dewaterability and moisture content. Using the dilatometric technique to measure the bound water content, we found that alum sludge conditioned by cationic polymer presented more significant variation in the bound water content than sludge subject to anionic conditioning. We hypothesise that the mechanism of charge neutralization caused much water depletion by replacement and exclusion in sludge and results in the decrease of bound water within the cationic polymer conditioning. An insignificant bound water variation found during the anionic conditioning resulted from the lack of charge neutralization. A lighter and looser floc structure is also be found in the anionic conditioned sludge after the analysis of wet floc density and fractal dimension. Such open floc structure can be attributed to the lack of charge neutralization as the flocs aggregate with anionic polymer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

[Application of an artificial neural network in the design of sustained-release dosage forms].

AIM: To use the artificial neural network (ANN) in Matlab 5.1 tool-boxes to predict the formulations of sustained-release tablets. METHODS: The solubilities of nine drugs and various ratios of HPMC: Dextrin for 63 tablet formulations were used as the ANN model input, and in vitro accumulation released at 6 sampling times were used as output. RESULTS: The ANN model was constructed by selecting the optimal number of iterations (25) and model structure in which there are one hidden layer and five hidden layer nodes. The optimized ANN model was used for prediction of formulation based on desired target in vitro dissolution-time profiles. ANN predicted profiles based on ANN predicted formulations were closely similar to the target profiles. CONCLUSION: The ANN could be used for predicting the dissolution profiles of sustained release dosage form and for the design of optimal formulation.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗