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Biomedical subjects

J J Sullivan

Publications and source records attributed to J J Sullivan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Thyroid suppression tests during drug treatment of hyperthyroidism.

In fifteen hyperthyroid patients treated for 5 or more consecutive years with propylthiouracil four or more yearly prognostic 'suppression' tests (Cassidy & VanderLaan, 1960) were done. In nine of the fifteen patients there was a progressive diminution over a period of 3-6 years in the values of these suppressed uptakes to 20% or below. Eight of these nine patients have remained euthyroid off therapy for 1-8 years (average 3-1 years). None have become hypothyroid. The data suggest a gradual continuing change in thyroid function over the course of years in some hyperthyroid patients on antithyroid therapy. This may be a long-term effect of the drug and may have prognostic significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Antibiotic penetrance of ascitic fluid in dogs.

Antibiotic concentrations in ascitic fluid after parenteral therapy may be important in the treatment of peritonitis. We have created ascites in dogs by partial ligation of the inferior vena cava. Ascitic fluid volume was measured at the time each antibiotic was administered. Nine antibiotics were studied in the same three dogs. Antibiotic concentration in ascitic fluid was found to vary inversely with ascites volume. Percentage of penetration (ratio of ascites peak to serum peak x100) ranged from 5.8 to 65% among the drugs studied. Only metronidazole showed a statistically significant higher percentage of penetration than other antimicrobials. Concentrations in ascitic fluid after single doses of cephalothin (15 mg/kg) and the aminoglycosides (2 mg/kg, gentamicin and tobramycin; 7.5 mg/kg, amikacin and kanamycin) did not exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of many gram-negative rods and may justify the use of higher than usual initial parenteral doses, or possibly initial intraperitoneal administration in seriously ill patients.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1976

Infective larvae of Brugia: escape from mosquitoes into water and subsequent oral infectivity in jirds.

Published work showed that third-stage larvae (L-3s) escape into water from dead or dying, Brugia pahangi-infected, Aedes aegypti. The present study revealed the same escape phenomenon among B. pahangi-infected Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, and Aedes togoi, and among Brugia malayi-infected Ae. aegypti and Ae. togoi. L-3s maintained in water or in Lum's solution for 3 hours retained infectivity when tested in orally or subcutaneously exposed jirds; furthermore, L-3s recovered from mosquitoes dead for 24 to 48 hours were also infective by either portal of entry in jirds. Since L-3s may escape and remain infective in the field, it is conceivable that natural filarial infections might thus be acquired orally by definitive hosts.

Aedes↗
PubMed1976

Parapleurogonius brevicecum gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda: Pronocephalidae) from a freshwater turtle in peninsular Malaysia.

Parapleurogonius brevicecum gen. et sp. n. is described from the freshwater turtle, Kachuga trivittata, in Selangor, Malaysia. Parapleurogonius is most closely related to Pleurogonius Looss, 1901, but from which it can be distinguished by the termination of the ceca at or just overlapping the anterior border of the testes and the pretesticular position of the excretory pore. Additionally, Parapleurogonius is described from a freshwater turtle, whereas Pleurogonius is only known from marine hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of centrifugation and seminal plasma on motility and fertility of stallion and bull spermatozoa.

The effect of centrifugation of diluted and undiluted semen on equine and bovine spermatozoan motility and fertility was examined, as was the effect of seminal plasma and dilution on stallion spermatozoa during incubation before and after freezing. Centrifugation at 370 g or 829 g was not detrimental (P greater than 0.05) to prefreeze or postfreeze motility if a final concentration of 10% seminal plasma was present. A reduction of seminal plasma from 10% to 2% significantly (P smaller than 0.05) reduced motility. A centrifugal force of 956 g significantly reduced prefreeze but not postfreeze motility of spermatozoa in undiluted semen, regardless of seminal plasma concentration. With a dried skim milk extender, prefreeze and postfreeze motility was greater in samples containing 20% seminal plasma. Motility was depressed by high and low concentrations of seminal plasma. The fertility of frozen or unfrozen stallion spermatozoa was not depressed (P greater than 0.05) by centrifugation at 310 g for 3.5 minutes. In contrast, the fertility of bull semen was significantly (P smaller than 0.05) lowered by centrifugation at 270 g for three minutes. Further, the fertility of centrifuged, diluted bovine semen was lower (P smaller than 0.05) than centrifuged, undiluted semen.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pptidase activities in group N streptococci.

Several peptidase activites in the 3 species of Group N streptococci were partly separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The peptidases identified were a general aminopeptidase of wide specificity, a tripeptidase, a proline iminopeptidase (prolyl-beta-napthylamidase), a proline iminodipeptidase and an aminopeptidase-P. The effects of temperature and pH on the stability of the enzyme activities, and the influence of the type of N source used in the growth medium on the elution pattern of the enzymes were examined.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1975

Effect of timing of insemination, numbers of spermatozoa and extender components on the pregnancy rate in mares inseminated with frozen stallion semen.

Fertilization rate was highest in mares inseminated with frozen semen within 12 hr of ovulation. Foaling rate was improved (P less than 0-05) by increasing the number of motile spermatozoa inseminated from 40 X 10(6) to 80 X 10(6) but was not further improved by increasing the number to 160 X 10(6) or by increasing the frequency of insemination from once to twice daily. The fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa frozen in one of the hydrogen ion extenders studied was dependent upon relative osmotic pressure and method of freezing (ampoules or pellets). Adjusting glycerol concentration from 7% to 2%, addition of glycerol 15 min before freezing and freezing 2 hr after extension all enhanced the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Pregnancy rate per mare service period was higher (P less than 0-01) for mares inseminated with unextended semen (75%) than for extended semen containing no glycerol (50%) or extended semen containing 7% glycerol (35%). Although wide variability in the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from individual stallions was observed when semen was extended or extended and frozen, pregnancy rate was depressed in all stallions. It was concluded, therefore, that hydrogen ion extenders depress fertilizing capacity of stallion spermatozoa immediately after extension and show little promise as semen extenders for short- or long-term storage of stallion semen.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of HCG on duration of oestrus, ovulation time and fertility in mares.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of HCG on duration of oestrus, dioestrus, the length of the oestrous cycle, the time of ovulation and fertility in non-lactating mares. In the first experiment, the injection of HCG was repeated for three successive cycles. Mares injected with 2000 i.u. HCG on Day 2 of oestrus during their first cycle had a shorter oestrus and ovulated sooner than untreated control mares, but in the third cycle, treated mares had a longer oestrus and ovulated longer after the onset of oestrus than controls. In the second experiment, one intramuscular injection of 3300 i.u. HCG was given 24 hr before the first insemination in the first cycle. Oestrus was shortened by 3-1 days, but there was no difference in pregnancy rate between treated and control mares (61-1 versus 63-9%). During the two cycles following injection, the conception rate in the treated mares was higher. The number of inseminations/cycle to effect fertility was significantly less over three cycles in the treated mares.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Survey of reproductive efficiency in the Quarter-horse and Thoroughbred.

Reproductive efficiency was evaluated for 838 Quarter-horse mare-years on five farms and 939 Thoroughbred mare-years on seven farms over 4 years. The pregnancy rate from first service was 51% for Quarter-horse mares and 43% for Thoroughbred mares (P less than 0-05). The cumulative pregnancy rate after five services was 85% for Quarter-horse and 77% for Thoroughbred mares (P less than 0-05). First-service-period pregnancy rates were 44, 40 and 54% for maiden, barren and foaling mares, respectively. Cumulative pregnancy rates after five service-periods were 84, 74 and 84% for maiden, barren and foaling mares, respectively. The pregnancy rate for foaling mares served during foal heat was lower (P less than 0-05) than the first-servicd pregnancy rate of foaling mares served after the foal heat. Less than 40% of the maiden mares, less than 50% of the barren mares and less than 30% of the foaling mares were submitted for their first-service-periods by the end of March.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the methods of rectal palpation and haemagglutination-inhibition assay for diagnosis of pregnancy in mares.

The diagnostic value of rectal palpation and immunological assay of PMSG was tested at different stages of pregnancy in mares inseminated with frozen semen in three separate studies. The results were based on foaling success and particular attention was paid to the numbers of inconsistent results obtained by the two tests. Generally, the number of false positive diagnoses was lower for the immunological assay than for palpation in early pregnancy (Days 40 to 60) and the relationship became reversed later in gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Sperm transport and distribution in the mare.

Fifty mares were inseminated on Days 2, 4, 7, 11 or 17 of the oestrous cycle with spermatozoa from one of three stallions to observe the distribution of the spermatozoa in various parts of the reproductive tract 12 hr later (Days 3, 5, 8, 12 and 18). Only 0-06 to 2-21% of inseminated spermatozoa were recovered from the tract. More (P less than 0-05) spermatozoa were recovered from the cervix and uterus on Day 12 than on Days 3, 5, 8 and 18. The mean number of spermatozoa recovered from either or both oviducts was significantly greater (P less than 0-10) on Days 5 and 8 than on Days 3, 12 and 18. More spermatozoa were recovered from the right than the left oviduct and the number recovered from the oviducts was significantly (P less than 0-05) influenced by the stallion.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of a corticosteroid (dexamethasone), progesterone, oestrogen and prostaglandin F2alpha on gestation length in normal and ovariectomized mares.

Dexamethasone (100 mg/day) injected from Days 318 to 324 of pregnancy induced parturition. Progesterone (500 mg/day) administered daily from Day 318 of pregnancy also shortened gestation while oestrogen (50 mg/day) administered on the same schedule as progesterone had no such effect. Dexamethasone treatment superimposed on the oestrogen or progesterone treatments shortened gestation. Prostaglandin F2alpha alone did not induce parturition, unlike PGF2alpha with dexamethasone, or PGF2alpha given to ovariectomized mares.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Duration of oestrus and time of ovulation in mares treated with synthetic Gn-RH (AY-24,031).

Synthetic Gn-RH, administered during oestrus, stimulates the release of pituitary LH in the cyclic mare. Duration of oestrus was significantly reduced by 1 mg Gn-RH given on Day 2 of oestrus; the time of ovulation, measured in days from the onset of oestrus, also tended to be reduced. An injection of 2 mg Gn-RH had nor further effect, but daily injections from Day 2 until ovulation significantly shortened the duration of oestrus and the time to ovulation. The profiles of LH were found to be variable from mare to mare, but in all mares, treated and control, elevation of LH was detected close to the time of ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Influence of ejaculation frequency of stallions on characteristics of semen and output of spermatozoa.

Approximately 1 week was required to stabilize the extragonadal sperm reserves in stallions ejaculated daily for 10 weeks. The true daily sperm output of a stallion was equal to the mean daily sperm output of seven ejaculates +/- 1-35 X 10(9) spermatozoa. Mean concentrations of spermatozoa/ml and number of spermatozoa/ejaculate were higher (P less than 0-01) for X1 and X3/week ejaculation frequencies than for a X6/week frequency. Sperm output/week was nearly identical for a X6/week frequency. Sperm output/week was nearly identical for the X3 and X6 frequencies and higher (P less than 0-01) than the X1 frequency. Increase of ejaculation frequency from one to two ejaculates/day twice weekly significantly (P less than 0-01) raised the output of spermatozoa/week. Gel-free semen volume, spermatozoa/ml, and number of spermatozoa/ejaculate were higher (P less than 0-01) in the first, than in the second, ejaculate. Collection of semen on alternate days would be a practical ejaculation frequency for inseminating mares. Two ejaculates collected twice a week would be a practical ejaculation frequency for long-term storage of stallion semen.

Animals↗