Assessment of surgical excision during breast conservation surgery by intraoperative two-dimensional specimen radiology.
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
J J Going
Publications and source records attributed to J J Going.
P-glycoprotein expression in primary breast cancer detected by immunocytochemistry with two monoclonal antibodies.
We have investigated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in samples of primary breast cancer from 29 patients before therapy. We employed immunohistochemical techniques using two monoclonal antibodies (C219 and MRK16) and an indirect alkaline phosphatase method. Heterogeneous expression in epithelial cells was detected with both C219 (21 of 29) and MRK16 (16 of 29). A surprising finding was P-glycoprotein expression in stromal cells with both C219 (26 of 29) and MRK16 (12 of 29). Our results suggest that significant levels of P-glycoprotein expression may be present in breast cancer before exposure to drugs associated with multidrug resistance.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
Weddellite calcification in the breast: eighteen cases with implications for breast cancer screening.
Breast tissue obtained from 18 of 246 women (7.3%) having localization biopsy for microcalcification contained crystals of Weddellite (calcium oxalate dihydrate). This was characterized by microscopic infra-red spectroscopy in three cases. Weddellite calcification was associated with benign lesions in 16 cases, but incidental atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ were present, each in one case. Pathologists should be aware of this common non-haematoxyphilic, birefringent form of breast micro-calcification. Its presence has implications for the examination of biopsy specimens resulting from breast cancer screening using mammography.
Adult↗
Morphometry of the adult human corpus callosum: lack of sexual dimorphism.
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Aged↗
Oral contraceptive use influences resting breast proliferation.
The controversy that surrounds oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk has arisen from epidemiologic studies, yet the direct effect of such use on breast tissue remains undefined. Breast epithelial proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine labeling of normal lobular units dissected from benign biopsies of 347 females aged 14 to 48 years. Factors shown to influence this response included cycle phase, time since menarche (breast age), and parity status. Multivariate analysis allowing for these influences was used to compare activity of natural cycles and those artificially regulated by oral contraceptives (OC). The increased activity in nulliparous OC users was highly significant (P less than .005). Comparing the effect of differences in OC type, whether combined, triphasic, progestin only, or according to estrogen or progestin content, showed a heterogeneity in response that was significant (P less than .01). Examined specifically, the formulation of OC according to progestin content did not have a significant influence, although progestin-only OC was most active, while the influence of increasing estrogen content was significant (P less than .05). However, emphasis is given to acknowledging the multiple factors and interactive processes responsible for breast epithelial stimulation when considering strategies of intervention.
Adolescent↗
Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity.
Primary mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is rare and few published cases give proof that the mucosal site is primary. We present a man with malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity which was associated with melanoma-in-situ of the adjacent mucosa, proving that the lesion was primary. He presented with symptoms due to secondary deposits of melanoma in the brain rather than the more usual nose bleeds or blocked nose. The primary site was found when his neurological symptoms were investigated by CT and NMR scans of the head.
Humans↗
Bacteriology of mammary duct ectasia.
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Adult↗
Optimal preservation of p21 ras immunoreactivity and morphology in paraffin-embedded tissue.
Specific immunostaining of p21 ras protein by the well-characterized pan-ras antibody Y13-259 is achieved in paraffin sections of human and animal tissues fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-dichromate (PLPD). Intensity of staining is as good as in cryostat sections, with superior histological detail. Localization to plasma membrane is demonstrated in rodent cells genetically manipulated to express abundant p21 ras (the FHO5T1 cell line), both in preparations suspended in agar after culture in vitro and in those growing as tumour in vivo. Strong positive staining is observed in neoplasms of human breast and colon, tissues in which there is independent evidence of elevated ras gene expression. The superior morphology afforded by this technique allows clear characterization of p21 ras expression in small premalignant lesions for which other methods of detection of oncogene expression are not appropriate.
Animals↗
Malignant melanoma of penis.
We report a case of malignant melanoma of the penis. Appropriate staging of these rare cancers is discussed in light of current views of the biology of malignant melanoma arising at other skin sites, and the implications of Breslow thickness for management are considered. There is no good evidence in the literature that extirpation of the entire penis offers the only hope of cure for stage I penile melanoma.
Aged↗
Partial deletion of chromosome 11p in breast cancer correlates with size of primary tumour and oestrogen receptor level.
In a study of DNAs from 100 breast cancer patients and 100 controls, there were no differences in the frequencies of common or rare alleles at the Harvey ras (c-Ha-ras) locus on chromosome 11. However, one Ha-ras allele was deleted from the tumour DNA in 14 of 65 informative patients. Loss of a Ha-ras allele correlates with paucity of oestrogen receptor protein and with increased tumour size at presentation, but is not associated with microscopic evidence of lymph node invasion. The findings on Ha-ras and other informative loci are consistent with the possibility that a tumour suppressor gene involved in the early stages of breast cancer is located on the short arm of chromosome 11.
Alleles↗
Proliferative and secretory activity in human breast during natural and artificial menstrual cycles.
Events of cell proliferation have been assessed by thymidine labeling index (TLI) in morphologically normal breast lobules from women of reproductive age. TLI is higher during the second half of the menstrual cycle both in women with natural menstrual cycles and in those with artificial cycles due to oral contraceptive (OC) use. TLI varies between 0.04% and 5.7% and declines with increasing age. There is no difference in mean TLI between OC users and nonusers if correction is made for the difference in age distribution between these two groups. Immunohistochemical detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA), secretory component (SC), and alpha-lactalbumin shows more frequent positive staining during artificial than natural menstrual cycles, and positive staining tends to be associated with higher TLI values. No significant variation in staining with cycle phase is detected in natural or artificial cycles. These results show that breast tissue does not resemble endometrium in the relationships that exist between proliferation, secretion, and menstrual cycle phase.
Adult↗
Oestrogen receptor activity in intraduct and invasive breast carcinomas.
Breast cancers analysed for oestrogen receptor activity over a ten-year period have been surveyed in order to select a group of intraduct carcinomas without invasion and a second, control group of invasive carcinomas without intraduct carcinoma. Examination of histological sections taken from the face of the tumour samples used for receptor analysis showed only 13 purely intraduct carcinomas without any invasion. Each of these was matched for age, menstrual status, hospital of origin, and approximate assay date with two purely invasive ductal carcinomas of no specialized type (26 invasive carcinomas in all). In invasive carcinomas, a significantly higher proportion of the specimen was occupied by malignant cells (mean 30%) than in the intraduct carcinomas (mean 15%), and receptors were detected more frequently (77% versus 46%) and at higher concentrations (mean 26 times on a wet weight basis, 19 times on a protein basis). When allowance was made for the difference in cellularity between the groups, the invasive carcinomas still contained significantly higher concentrations of receptor protein (mean = ten times more on a wet weight basis). These findings suggest that the expression of the gene encoding the receptor protein tends to be a property either maintained, or acquired upon progression to invasive disease. Further studies will be needed to determine whether or not the established prognostic and predictive values of receptor measurements apply to non-invasive disease, and to clarify the relationship between receptor expression in benign and malignant breast in relation to morphological changes.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Is the pathogenesis of Sweet's syndrome mediated by interleukin-1?
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Humans↗
Sweet's syndrome: histological and immunohistochemical study of 15 cases.
Conventional histology and immunoperoxidase staining for fibrin, immunoglobulins, and complement components were used to look for evidence of cutaneous vasculitis and immune complex deposition in Sweet's syndrome. These features were not identified in any of the 15 cases studied. The lack of any vasculitis emphasises the distinctive character of Sweet's syndrome when compared with certain spontaneous and experimentally induced inflammatory skin lesions, and may imply a similarly distinctive pathogenesis.
Adult↗
Granulomatous lobular mastitis.
The clinical and pathological features of nine cases of granulomatous mastitis were compared with those of 10 cases of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis (DE/PM), all of which were associated with active granulomatous inflammation. Granulomatous mastitis affects a younger age group, and although there is some overlap with DE/PM, it has distinctive pathological features, particularly a lobule centred distribution, for which the term "granulomatous lobular mastitis" is recommended. There is a strong tendency for persistence or recurrence. Our cases of granulomatous mastitis all occurred in parous women, five of them within three years of pregnancy. Awareness of this condition is important, because surgery does not offer the best treatment of recurrent disease, and trials of adequate drug treatment, including corticosteroids, are required.
Adolescent↗
Soft tissue sarcoma: two cases of solitary lung metastasis more than 15 years after diagnosis.
Soft tissue sarcomas may behave unpredictably. We present two adult cases in which solitary pulmonary metastases have occurred, 18 and 16 years after diagnosis. In both cases the primary disease was successfully controlled by conservative surgery combined with radiotherapy.
Adult↗
A classical osteogenic sarcoma of the breast: histology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure.
A classical osteogenic sarcoma of the breast is described and the results of light microscopy, including immunohistochemistry for epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and of electron microscopy are presented. No epithelial features were detected by any of the methods used, the tumour being considered a true osteogenic sarcoma. The tumour appears to have arisen de novo, and not from a pre-existing fibroadenoma.
Antibodies↗
Osteogenic sarcoma--a rare primary tumour of the breast.
A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast is reported and the histological and mammographic features demonstrated. A role for technetium 99 diphosphonate bone scanning in the diagnosis of this condition and measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase activity for monitoring progress of the disease is suggested.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗