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Biomedical subjects

J J Garnick

Publications and source records attributed to J J Garnick.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Fixed partial dentures supported by periodontally compromised teeth.

This study tested the effect of fixed partial dentures on hypermobile abutment teeth with substantially reduced levels of periodontal attachment. One abutment tooth and one control (nonabutment) tooth of the same type and periodontal condition were selected for study in adults. Treatment consisted of periodontal therapy and a 3- or 4-unit fixed partial denture, after which all subjects were placed on a quarterly maintenance schedule. No differences were found between the mean baseline and 24-month measures for all dependent variables at test or control sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A morphological comparison of radicular dentin following root planing and treatment with citric acid or tetracycline HCl.

The conditioning of root surfaces with saturated solutions of citric acid or tetracycline is unpredictable in facilitating new attachment, perhaps due to the low pH of these solutions which may be denaturing the organic matrix of the root as well as demineralizing the surface. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of a saturated solution of citric acid (pH = 1) with that of a 0.5% solution of tetracycline HCl (pH = 3.2) on radicular dentin with regard to the removal of the smear layer, exposure of dentinal tubule openings, and demineralization of the peritubular dentin. 10 bovine incisors were used in this study. The crowns and apical 1/3 of the root were resected and the resulting root segments were then frozen in icy freon. The cementum was fractured off of the root to produce a fracture-exposed, non-instrumented dentin surface. This fracture-exposed dentin surface was divided into 4 specimens, the 1st being a fracture-exposed, non-instrumented dentin control specimen (FE). After removal of the (FE) specimen from the root segment, the remainder of the fracture-exposed dentin surface was thoroughly root planed and then subdivided into the 3 remaining specimens. One of these specimens served as the root planed dentin surface (RP); another specimen (CA) was immersed in saturated citric acid (pH = 1) for 5 min and then washed in water for 5 min; the final specimen (T) was immersed in a 0.5 mg/ml solution of tetracycline HCl for 5 min and rinsed in water for 5 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bacterial penetration of gingiva in the adult beagle dog with periodontitis.

Invasion of gingival tissues by bacteria is thought to be a major factor in development of periodontal lesions. Morphologic studies have revealed bacteria within the pocket epithelium, gingival connective tissues, alveolar bone, and oral epithelium. The current studies are intended to determine whether they are present in healthy and diseased tissues and to identify the microbial source. Five beagle dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis were fed a soft diet. Two quadrants of the dentition of each dog were cleaned regularly and health maintained while others were allowed to develop further disease. After 4 weeks, samples of gingiva were removed both prior to and after the animals were sacrificed by perfusion fixation attempting not to introduce microorganisms. The identical samples were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy for numbers and location of organisms. Their numbers were greater in diseased than in healthy tissues. Furthermore, the quantity was greater in samples taken prior to perfusion fixation than after such treatment, especially in the oral epithelium. The results suggest that normally there are some microorganisms present within the periodontal tissues and that their numbers are greater in diseased tissues. However, the data also indicated that significant numbers may be introduced into the tissues during sampling of unfixed tissues.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

The effect of a 0.125% chlorhexidine rinse on inflammation after periodontal surgery.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 0.125% chlorhexidine gluconate rinse on inflammation and bacterial plaque formation after periodontal surgery. Nine patients who required two periodontal surgeries in two posterior areas were selected. The first surgical site was randomly assigned into either 1) active or 2) placebo groups. The patient's second site was assigned to the alternate group. In Group 1 the patients rinsed with chlorhexidine (CH) and in Group 2 with placebo solution, both for 14 days. No periodontal dressing was used and at least 1 month elapsed before the second surgery was performed. Plaque index, gingival index, and crevicular fluid flow measurements were obtained at baseline, and at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery. The chlorhexidine rinse significantly reduced the amount of plaque at both 1 and 2 weeks, and gingival inflammation remained similar to base line measurements at 2 weeks. Neither solution had any effect on the amount of crevicular fluid flow. There was an increase in amount of perceived postoperative pain and gingival swelling with the use of the chlorhexidine rinse, but no difference in the number of pain pills taken during this study. The chlorhexidine rinse was an effective plaque preventive agent after surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gingival resistance to probing forces. I. Determination of optimal probe diameter.

This paper presents the results of a study designed to determine (1) if advancement of a periodontal probe under a given force against healthy gingiva differed from its advancement under a similar force, against inflamed gingiva, and (2) to select the diameter which best distinguishes healthy gingiva from that which is inflamed to varying degrees. The teeth of eight beagle dogs were cleaned three times per week for two months until a Gingival Index (GI) of 0 and gingival fluid flow (GFF) of 9 or less, as measured by the Periotron, were obtained. Probes of diameters 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mm were advanced perpendicularly against the attached gingiva in the incisor, premolar, and molar regions by an electromechanical device which simultaneously plotted force versus displacement following initial contact of the probe tip with the gingiva. These forces ranged from 0.1 to 0.9N. This process was repeated in the same animals following cessation of plaque control measures when the GI reached a value of 1 and GFF reached levels of 10 to 19. It was repeated again following placement of an irritating ligature when GI reached 2 and GFF greater than 20. An analysis of covariance showed significant differences between all three levels of health and disease for all probe diameters. F values for the 0.6 mm probe were highest at all probing forces indicating that this diameter most consistently discriminated variation of gingival health status.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cotinine in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with periodontal disease.

A study was undertaken to determine the presence of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with periodontal disease. Saliva and crevicular fluid samples were obtained from 16 habitual cigarette smokers and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the presence of cotinine. Thirteen non-smokers with periodontal disease served as controls. There was no evidence of cotinine (within our detection levels) in either the saliva or crevicular fluid of any of the nonsmokers. Cotinine, in a wide range of concentrations, was detected in the saliva and crevicular fluid in all of the 16 cigarette smokers. The presence of a nicotine metabolite in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid reflects the extent of the systemic distribution of nicotine in smokers. The vasoactive properties of nicotine are well known and may possibly affect the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1989

A scanning electron micrographical study of root surfaces and subgingival bacteria after hand and ultrasonic instrumentation.

The effects of hand and ultrasonic instrumentation on root surface topography and subgingival plaque were studied. One approximal subgingival root surface on each of two single rooted teeth of six patients was root planed. The opposing proximal surfaces were not treated and served as controls. On each patient, the two test surfaces were randomly treated by hand or ultrasonic instrumentation (Cavitron) until clinically smooth. The teeth were extracted, divided into mesial and distal sides, and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observations were restricted to an area 2 mm by 3 mm just coronal to the plaque-free zone. The root surfaces were scanned by SEM, both at low (x 100) and at higher magnifications (x 5000). At low power, a photomontage was produced of the surface area of the test teeth. At low magnifications (x 100, x 500), the topography resulting from hand instrumentation appeared smooth with parallel scratches compared to scaly but flat surfaces with occasional deep gouges with the ultrasonic method. At high magnifications (x 5000), tooth surfaces were similar in topography when instrumented by either hand or ultrasonic methods. Root surfaces were covered in some areas by a fibrillar-like membrane that resembled fibrin. Individual bacteria were found on the surfaces of this material. On other areas not covered by this membrane, bacterial plaque was only observed when tooth surfaces had not been contacted by either hand or ultrasonic instrumentation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Gingival resistance to probing forces. II. The effect of inflammation and pressure on probe displacement in beagle dog gingivitis.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of gingival inflammation and probing pressure on probe tip placement in relation to the base of the gingival crevice and the most coronal connective tissue attachment fibers. Nine young male beagle dogs were divided into three groups as determined by clinical status of the gingiva following implementation of a protocol designed to produce gingival health and disease. An electromechanical device was used to advance 0.6 mm diameter probes into the facial gingival crevices of selected teeth and to obtain force-displacement curves. The instrument stopped the probe at pressure of either 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, or 2560 kPa which were randomly allocated to 12 test teeth in each dog. After the probe came to rest, it was attached to the tooth. When all 12 probes were attached, the animal was sacrificed. Blocks consisting of gingiva, probe, and tooth were processed to obtain two buccolingual sections, one containing the probe and the other immediately adjacent to it. Clinical and histometric measurements were performed and the data evaluated. Although three groups of animals were discernable by clinical criteria, only two groups, health and disease, could be formulated based on the degree of histologic inflammation. The histologic grouping was used in data analysis. Histometric distances from the cemento-enamel junction to the base of the crevice (cJ), to most coronal connective tissue attachment (cC) and to the probe tip (cP) all increased with change from health to disease. However, changes in health/disease did not influence difference between distances (cP-cJ,cP-cC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The dento-gingival junction as seen with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomical relationship of the Dento-Gingival Junction as seen in the human dentition. The junction is described under light microscopy and then reviewed as seen in the SEM with the author's unpublished findings. The authors' material was derived from extracted human teeth with remaining marginal gingival tissue. The specimens were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.15M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) for 24 h. The specimens were then washed and freeze-fractured in Freon 113 using liquid nitrogen. Afterwards they were processed by freeze-drying or CPD methods, coated with gold, and placed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for viewing. These specimens demonstrated the presence of numerous Sharpey's fibers at the cemental surface. A large number of fibrils intermingled with the fibers to produce a dense mass of tissue. Junctional epithelium, with the adjacent homogeneous dental cuticle was demonstrated. Plaque deposits on the tooth surface extended to a cell-free zone. Morphological detail viewed with SEM and light microscopy are compared.

Freeze Fracturing↗
PubMed1982

Maintenance of long junctional epithelium in the rat.

The dynamics of the long junctional epithelium in rat gingivae were observed over a period of from three to six mo. In addition, the cellular dynamics of the epithelium were also evaluated at the end of three and six mo. The results of this study indicated that this model system cannot be used to study the long-term dynamics of long junctional epithelia. This study also indicated that the epithelial cuff increased in length with time, that it is a self-renewing tissue, and that long junctional epithelia may reduce in length with time due to sulcus deepening which was not related to subepithelial inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of probes in human periodontal pockets.

Twenty-two anterior and bicuspid teeth that previously had been designated for extraction, were removed from 11 male patients. Two teeth were extracted from each patient and each tooth had a periodontal pocket of at least 4 mm and a Gingival Index of 2 or 3. One tooth in each patient was subjected to scaling, root planing, and plaque control in an effort to reduce gingival inflammation. By means of an orthodontic tube and composite resin bonding material a periodontal probe under 15 to 20 gm of pressure was fixed in the periodontal pocket of each tooth. The specimens were removed en bloc and histologic specimens prepared. The conclusions were that when the gingiva is inflamed, the tip of the periodontal probe tends to extend to the apical base of the junctional epithelium or slightly beyond but there is great variation in this position. Further, it was concluded that the position of the probe tip during probing is not affected by the depth of the sulcus or periodontal pocket.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of the periotron.

These preliminary investigations seem to indicate that the periotron may be useful in assessment of the presence of gingival inflammation in the clinical periodontal pockets. Successive recordings of the same volume varied from 5 to 11%. Data from the periotron showed a high correlation with increased known volumes of fluid and with assessment of gingival inflammation using the GI. Assessment with the periotron varied with the dissipation constant of fluids. Since the dissipation constant of gingival fluid varied among individuals, this constant must be evaluated when the instrument is used in clinical and research efforts.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The presence of "creeping attachment" in human gingiva.

Standardized photography was used to determine the presence of "creeping attachment" after free autogenous graft procedures on localized areas of root recessions. "Creeping attachment" occurred in all seven experimental teeth with an average of 0.89 +/- 0.46 mm and a range of 0.38--0.61 mm during a period of 1 year. The results encourage the use of grafts over exposed root surface in an attempt for gingival coverage.

Adolescent↗